Test Your Knowledge About Biology

Explanation
There are three bones in each finger of the human hand. These bones are called phalanges, and there are three phalanges in each finger except for the thumb, which only has two phalanges. The three phalanges are known as the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges.

Explanation
Estivation is the correct answer because hibernation is a period of inactivity and dormancy that animals undergo during winter to conserve energy. Similarly, estivation is a state of inactivity and dormancy that some animals enter during summer when conditions become too hot or dry. It is a survival strategy to avoid extreme heat and conserve water. Therefore, estivation is the most appropriate term that corresponds to hibernation in relation to summer.

Explanation
Virginia Apgar created a simple test to rate the health of newborn babies. The Apgar score, named after her, is a quick assessment done at one and five minutes after birth. It evaluates the baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. This test helps medical professionals determine if the baby needs immediate medical attention or further observation. Apgar's contribution to neonatology has had a significant impact on improving the care and outcomes of newborns worldwide.

Explanation
Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a secretion produced by the ear. It is a waxy substance that is produced by the ceruminous glands in the ear canal. Earwax helps to protect the ear by trapping dust, dirt, and other foreign particles, preventing them from entering the inner ear. It also helps to lubricate and moisturize the ear canal, preventing it from becoming dry and itchy.

Explanation
Household dust mainly consists of dead skin. This is because humans shed dead skin cells constantly, and these cells settle onto surfaces in the home, contributing to the formation of dust. Other substances like mold spores, cotton, and carpet fragments may also be present in household dust, but dead skin is the primary component.

Explanation
Geothermal heating is a method that utilizes heat from within the earth to warm a house. This involves using a geothermal heat pump system that extracts heat from the ground and transfers it into the home. The heat is obtained from the earth's constant temperature below the surface, making it a renewable and sustainable source of energy. Unlike fireplaces, which use combustion to produce heat, or space heaters, which rely on electricity or fuel, geothermal heating taps into the earth's natural heat to provide warmth efficiently and environmentally friendly.

Explanation
Vitamin D is produced in the skin through sun exposure. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it triggers a chemical reaction that converts a substance called 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3. This active form of vitamin D is then transported to the liver and kidneys where it is further converted into its active form, which is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Therefore, sun exposure is crucial for the production of vitamin D in the skin.

Explanation
The dermis is the layer of skin found right below the epidermis. It is the thickest layer of the skin and contains various structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. The dermis provides support and nourishment to the epidermis and also helps regulate body temperature. It is responsible for giving the skin its strength and elasticity.

Explanation
The anatomical term "prone" refers to the position of lying face-down. This means that the person or object is lying on their stomach with their face towards the ground. It is commonly used in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the position of the body or a specific body part.

Explanation
The praying mantis is closely related to the cockroach. Both insects belong to the same order, called Mantodea. They share similar characteristics and behaviors, such as their elongated bodies, long legs, and predatory nature. This close relationship is further supported by their common ancestry and evolutionary history. While slugs, ants, and lobsters are all fascinating creatures, they are not closely related to the praying mantis.

Explanation
The ozone layer has thinned the most over Antarctica. This is due to the presence of the ozone hole, which is a severe depletion of the ozone layer in that region. The unique atmospheric conditions in Antarctica, such as extremely cold temperatures and strong polar winds, contribute to the formation of the ozone hole. Human activities, specifically the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have also played a significant role in the thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica.

Explanation
The brain and spinal cord contain nerve cells, also known as neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals and enable communication within the nervous system. They are responsible for processing and transmitting information, allowing us to think, feel, and perform various bodily functions. Nerve cells are unique in their structure and function, with long extensions called axons that transmit signals to other neurons or target cells. These cells play a crucial role in coordinating and controlling the body's activities and are essential for overall brain and spinal cord function.

Explanation
Tendons are the correct answer because they are the tissues that connect muscles to bones. Tendons are strong, flexible cords that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement and providing stability to the skeletal system. They are composed of dense connective tissue and are responsible for transmitting the force generated by the muscle to the bone, enabling movement and coordination.

Explanation
Humans do not have a larval stage. In the life cycle of many animals, including insects like the Luna Moth and Ladybird, and amphibians like the Frog, there is a distinct larval stage where the organism undergoes significant changes before reaching adulthood. However, humans do not go through a larval stage in their development. They go through prenatal development in the womb and then directly into infancy after birth.

Explanation
A kapok is a type of tree. It is known for its tall height and large, spreading branches. The kapok tree produces a fluffy, cotton-like material that is used for various purposes, such as stuffing pillows and life jackets. It is commonly found in tropical rainforests and is known for its vibrant flowers. The kapok tree plays a vital role in the ecosystem by providing food and shelter for various animals.