Everything You Need To Know About Human Ear

The etiology of this case is congenital, which means that the condition or disease is present from birth. This suggests that the cause of the case can be attributed to factors that occurred during fetal development or genetic abnormalities that were present at birth. It is important to consider this possibility when diagnosing and treating the patient, as the treatment approach may differ depending on the underlying cause.

Secretory O.M is characterized by its predisposition by enlarged adenoids. This means that having enlarged adenoids increases the likelihood of developing secretory O.M. The other characteristics mentioned in the question, such as being more common in middle age, having a Type A curve on tympanogram, and being treated by myringoplasty, are not specific to secretory O.M and do not define its characteristics.

The given answer "True" is correct because the statement in the question suggests that the previous case (which is not mentioned) is more common in children. Since it is not specified what the previous case refers to, we can assume that the statement is true based on the assumption that the previous case being referred to is indeed more common in children.

The given statement suggests that adenoidectomy may be included in the treatment. Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adenoids, which are lymphoid tissue located at the back of the nasal cavity. This procedure is often recommended when the adenoids are enlarged and causing problems such as chronic infections, difficulty breathing, or recurrent ear infections. Therefore, the statement is true as it implies that adenoidectomy may be a part of the treatment plan.

Syringing of the ear is a technique used to remove wax. Before syringing, it is important to soften the wax using cerum-enolytics, which makes it easier to remove. The syringe should be aimed upwards and backwards in the ear canal to ensure that the water reaches the wax and helps to dislodge it. Therefore, statements a and d are true regarding this technique.

Tympanosclerosis is a condition characterized by the formation of white patches on the eardrum. It can cause conductive hearing loss (CHL) and may occur after a myringotomy operation. However, it does not cause fixation of the footplate of the stapes by new bone formation.

Secretory otitis media is the commonest cause of conductive hearing loss (CHL) in children. This condition occurs when fluid accumulates in the middle ear, leading to a decrease in sound transmission. It is often associated with upper respiratory tract infections and can cause temporary hearing loss. Adhesive otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, and otosclerosis can also cause CHL, but secretory otitis media is the most common cause in children.

Otomycosis is the correct answer because it is a fungal infection of the external ear canal. It is characterized by itching, pain, and discharge from the ear. Furuncle is a localized infection of a hair follicle, Exostosis refers to the abnormal growth of bone in the ear canal, and Malignant O.E refers to malignant otitis externa, which is a severe infection of the external ear canal.

Otoendoscopy is a procedure used to examine the ear canal and middle ear. Adhesive otitis media is a condition where the middle ear is filled with thick, sticky fluid that causes the eardrum to stick to the middle ear bones. This can result in hearing loss and discomfort. Therefore, if otoendoscopy reveals adhesive otitis media, it means that the examination has identified the presence of this condition in the middle ear.

The surgical treatment for the previous case would be tympanoplasty with or without cortical mastoidectomy. Tympanoplasty is a procedure to repair a perforated eardrum, while cortical mastoidectomy involves removing infected mastoid bone in the ear. These procedures are commonly performed together to restore hearing and prevent further complications in cases where there is a perforated eardrum and infection in the mastoid bone.

The most likely diagnosis for a 75-year-old diabetic patient presenting with severe ear pain and granulation tissue at the external auditory canal with facial nerve involvement is necrotizing otitis externa. Necrotizing otitis externa is a severe infection of the external auditory canal that can occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with diabetes. It is characterized by severe pain, granulation tissue, and involvement of the facial nerve. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the nasopharynx and would not typically present with these symptoms. Acute and chronic suppurative otitis media are infections of the middle ear and would not involve the external auditory canal or the facial nerve.

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Pinna haematoma is usually caused by trauma which results in bleeding into the subperichondrial layer. It can result in the remodelling of the pinna to form a cauliflower ear. However, it is not ideal to leave it to resolve spontaneously as it can lead to complications such as infection or deformity. Additionally, the area affected by the haematoma should not be compressed or placed under pressure if the haematoma is evacuated, as this can cause further damage. Therefore, statements b and d are incorrect.

Glue ear is the correct answer because it is a condition where the middle ear becomes filled with thick, sticky fluid instead of air. This can cause hearing loss and can be common in children. Aural polyp refers to a growth in the ear canal, otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear, and CSOM unsafe refers to chronic suppurative otitis media which is an infection of the middle ear. None of these conditions match the symptoms described in the question, making glue ear the most likely diagnosis.

A Type B tympanogram is not characteristic for the previous case. A Type B tympanogram indicates a flat tympanic membrane, which is often associated with a middle ear infection or fluid in the middle ear. Without further information about the previous case, it cannot be concluded that a Type B tympanogram is characteristic for it. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy is usually done in cases of chronic safe suppurative otitis media with persistent discharge. This procedure involves repairing the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and removing infected tissue from the mastoid bone. Chronic safe suppurative otitis media refers to a long-standing infection of the middle ear with a persistent discharge, and tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy is often necessary to treat this condition and prevent further complications.

Local excision is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical removal of the tumor or abnormal tissue from a specific area, without removing the entire organ or structure. In the context of the previous case, local excision would involve removing the affected tissue or tumor in the mastoid region without performing a more extensive procedure like radical or cortical mastoidectomy, which involve the removal of a larger portion of the mastoid bone.

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Cholesteatoma is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells in the middle ear. It typically presents with certain tympanic membrane features. Attic perforation in the pars flaccida, marginal perforation not surrounded by a rim all around, and retraction pocket in the postero-superior part are all commonly seen in cholesteatoma. However, a central perforation in the pars tensa surrounded by a rim all around is not a typical feature of cholesteatoma. Therefore, the correct answer is "Central perforation in pars tensa surrounded by rim all around."

In the previous case, the most common symptom is itching. This suggests that the condition being referred to may be related to a skin or allergic reaction. Itching is a common symptom associated with various skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, or insect bites. It can also be a symptom of certain allergic reactions, such as hives or contact dermatitis. Without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact condition causing the itching, but it is clear that itching is the most common symptom in this case.

The patient's symptoms of right earache, pain increasing on mastication, tenderness of the tragus, and localized swelling in the ear canal are consistent with a furuncle. A furuncle, also known as a boil, is a bacterial infection of a hair follicle in the ear canal. It is often painful and can cause swelling and tenderness. Otomycosis, or fungal infection of the ear canal, would typically present with itching and discharge rather than localized swelling. Acute O.M (acute otitis media) refers to a middle ear infection, which does not match the symptoms described. Acute mastoiditis is a more severe infection involving the mastoid bone, and would typically present with additional symptoms such as fever and hearing loss.

CSOM stands for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, which is a long-term infection of the middle ear. The term "safe" refers to the condition being inactive or not currently causing any harm or symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer suggests that the possible diagnosis is CSOM that is currently not causing any harm or complications.