Do You Know About Easy Science?

Distillation is the process of separating two or more components in a liquid mixture by heating it to create vapor and then cooling and condensing the vapor to obtain the desired components. This method is commonly used in chemistry and industry to purify liquids, separate different compounds, and obtain specific substances. Butane is a hydrocarbon gas, not related to the process of separating components in a liquid mixture. Tropics refers to the geographical region near the equator, and footcandle is a unit of measurement for light intensity.

Latitude is the correct answer because it refers to the angular distance north or south of the equator. It is used to determine the location of a point on Earth's surface in relation to the equator. Latitude is measured in degrees, with 0 degrees being the equator, and ranges from 90 degrees north (North Pole) to 90 degrees south (South Pole).

The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that acts as a filter against incoming ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface. This is important because excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause various health issues, such as skin cancer and cataracts. Therefore, the term "Ozone Layer" best fits the given definition.

A rainbow is a natural phenomenon that occurs when sunlight is refracted, reflected, and dispersed by water droplets in the atmosphere, creating a spectrum of colors. The description of a "luminous arc featuring all colors of the visible light spectrum" perfectly matches the characteristics of a rainbow.

Propane is a gas that is both present in natural gas and refined from crude oil. It is commonly used as a fuel for heating and cooking, as well as in various industrial applications. Therefore, out of the given options, propane is the science term that best fits the definition provided.

The term "lumen" is the correct answer because it is a unit of measurement that represents the amount of light emitted by a light source. It is specifically used to quantify the brightness or intensity of light. In the context of science, lumen is commonly used in fields such as physics and engineering to describe the amount of light available from a light source.

The term "aerial" is defined as something that is found in or takes place in the air. This term is commonly used in science to describe things that are related to the atmosphere or airborne. It can refer to aerial organisms, aerial photography, or aerial transportation. Therefore, "aerial" is the best fit for the given definition of something that is found in or takes place in the air.

A cyclone is an area of closed pressure circulation with rotating and converging winds. This term is commonly used in meteorology to describe a weather phenomenon characterized by low atmospheric pressure and circular wind patterns. Cyclones can range in size and intensity, from small tornadoes to large tropical cyclones. The definition provided accurately describes the concept of a cyclone, making it the correct answer.

The term "to treat or charge something to the point where no more can be absorbed" best describes the concept of saturation. When something is saturated, it means that it has reached its maximum capacity or limit and can no longer absorb or hold any more of a particular substance or element. This term is commonly used in various scientific fields, such as chemistry and physics, to describe the state of a solution or material when it has reached its saturation point.

Guar Gum is the correct answer because it is a natural food additive commonly used in processed foods like mayonnaise and ice cream. It acts as a thickening and stabilizing agent, improving the texture and consistency of these products. Guar Gum is derived from the guar plant and is known for its ability to bind water and increase viscosity, making it a popular ingredient in the food industry.

Sand is the correct answer because it is the generic term for very small loose particles of hard, broken rock or minerals. Sand is formed from the erosion and weathering of rocks, and it can be found in various environments such as beaches, deserts, and riverbeds. It is composed of tiny grains that range in size from 0.0625 mm to 2 mm in diameter. Sand is commonly used in construction, landscaping, and as a filtration medium due to its unique properties.

A squall is a sudden and intense increase in wind speed, typically associated with a brief but intense storm. The definition provided in the question aligns perfectly with the characteristics of a squall, as it mentions the onset of strong winds with speeds increasing to at least 16 knots. Therefore, the correct answer is Squall.

An air mass refers to a large body of air with similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics. It is a fundamental concept in meteorology, used to describe and analyze weather patterns and systems. Understanding air masses is crucial in predicting and interpreting weather conditions. Therefore, the definition of "body of air which the horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics are similar" aligns perfectly with the term "Air Mass".

The term "jet stream" refers to a narrow band of strong winds that are concentrated in a specific area. These winds flow in the upper levels of the atmosphere, typically at high altitudes, and can have a significant impact on weather patterns. Therefore, the description provided in the question aligns perfectly with the definition of a jet stream.

Artesian water refers to groundwater that is under pressure when tapped by a well. This means that the water is confined in an aquifer between layers of impermeable rock or clay, causing it to rise to the surface without the need for pumping. The term "fossil" refers to the preserved remains of ancient organisms, "titan" refers to a giant or a person of great strength, and "reservoir" refers to a natural or artificial storage space for water. None of these terms accurately describe groundwater under pressure, making "artesian water" the correct answer.