"Brain And Behavior" Exam; Are You Ready To Be A Biopsychologist?

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1/84 Questions

There are 3 types of sensory areas of cortex, namely (1) primary sensory cortex, (2) secondary sensory cortex, and (3) tertiary cortex
- True
- False

About This Quiz

Biopsychology is a branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain, neurotransmitters, and other aspects of our biology influence our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. This field of psychology is often referred to by a variety of names including biopsychology, physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, and psychobiology. Take this exam to evaluate your knowledge about Biosychology!

"Brain And Behavior" Exam; Are You Ready To Be A Biopsychologist? - Quiz

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2.

(A) The primary sensory cortex receives most of its input directly from the thalamic relay nuclei of a system. (B) The sensory cortex receives most of its input directly from the primary sensor cortex of a system or from other areas of secondary sensory cortex of the same system.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct because they both describe the input pathways of the sensory cortex. A states that the primary sensory cortex receives most of its input directly from the thalamic relay nuclei, while B states that the sensory cortex receives input from the primary sensor cortex or other areas of secondary sensory cortex within the same system. Both statements are accurate and provide different perspectives on the input sources of the sensory cortex.

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3.

(A) The association cortex receives input from more than one sensory system. (B) Most input to areas of association cortex comes via areas of primary sensory cortex.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

Most input to areas of association cortex comes via areas of SECONDARY sensory cortex

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4.

(A) The interaction among sensory structures have three major principles that are hierarchical in nature. (B) They are hierarchical on the basis of the specificity and complexity of their function and there is a comparable difference on the damage effects to various levels; meaning, the higher the level of damage, the less specific and complex the deficit.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

The higher the level of damage, the more specific and complex the deficit

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5.

(A) Perception is the process of detecting the presence of stimuli. (B) Sensation is the higher-order processing of integrating, recognizing, and interpreting complete patterns of perceptions.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

Sensation is the process of detecting stimulus presence. Perception is the higher-order processing of sensations.

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6.

(A) The organization of sensory systems are characterized by functional segregation rather than functional homogeneity; in each sensory system, there are functionally distinct areas that specialize in different features. (B) All areas of cortex at any given level of a sensory hierarchy acted together to perform the same function.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

The correct answer is A is correct and B is wrong. This is because the statement in option A is supported by research and is consistent with the current understanding of sensory systems. It states that sensory systems have specialized areas that perform different functions, indicating functional segregation. On the other hand, option B suggests that all areas of the cortex at any level of a sensory hierarchy perform the same function, which is not supported by evidence and contradicts the concept of functional specialization in sensory systems. Therefore, option A is correct and option B is incorrect.

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7.

(A) Sensory systems are parallel systems in which information flows over multiple pathways. (B) Parallel systems feature parallel processing (simultaneous analysis of a signal in different ways by multiple parallel pathways of a neural network).
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. Sensory systems are indeed parallel systems in which information flows over multiple pathways. This means that different aspects of sensory information are processed simultaneously through different neural pathways. Additionally, parallel systems feature parallel processing, which involves the simultaneous analysis of a signal in different ways by multiple parallel pathways of a neural network. Therefore, both statements accurately describe the nature of sensory systems and parallel processing.

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8.

(A) One kind of parallel stream of analysis in our sensory systems is capable of influencing behavior without conscious awareness. (B) One kind of parallel stream of analysis in our sensory systems is capable of influencing behavior by engaging conscious awareness.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct because our sensory systems have multiple parallel streams of analysis. One of these streams is capable of influencing behavior without conscious awareness, while another stream can influence behavior by engaging conscious awareness. This means that our behavior can be influenced both consciously and unconsciously through different processes in our sensory systems.

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9.

(A) Because the brain has multiple pathways, complex stimuli are perceived as combinations of independent attributes. (B) The Claustrum is an area of the brain that is said to be the potential location for binding sensory information.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Though the brain may have multiple pathways, complex stimuli are perceived as integrated wholes.

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10.

(A) Sounds are vibrations of air molecules that stimulate the auditory system. (B) Amplitude is linked to perception of loudness; frequency is linked to perception of pitch; complexity of molecular vibration is linked to perception of timbre.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. A states that sounds are vibrations of air molecules that stimulate the auditory system, which is true. B states that amplitude is linked to perception of loudness, frequency is linked to perception of pitch, and complexity of molecular vibration is linked to perception of timbre, which are all correct associations. Therefore, both statements A and B are correct.

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11.

(A) Pure Tones (Sine Wave Vibrations) only exist in laboratories and sound recording studios because sound is actually always associated with simple patterns of vibrations. (B) For any pure tone, there is a close relationship between the frequency of tone and its perceived timbre.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

In real life sound is always associated with complex patterns of vibrations. For any pure tone, there is a close relationship between the frequency of tone and its perceived pitch.

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12.

(A) An extremely important characteristic of pitch perception is that the pitch of a complex sound may be directly related to the frequency of any of the sound's components. (B) The important aspect of pitch perception is referred to as the" missing fundamental".
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

The pitch of a complex sound may NOT be directly related to the frequency of any of the sound's components

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13.

This is the mathematical procedure for breaking down complex waves into their component sine waves.
- Theory of Audition
- Fourier Analysis
- Courier Analysis
- Sine Wave Theory
Correct Answer

A. Fourier Analysis

Explanation

Fourier analysis is the mathematical procedure used to break down complex waves into their component sine waves. It is a technique that allows us to analyze and understand the different frequencies present in a complex wave. By decomposing a wave into its constituent sine waves, Fourier analysis helps in studying and interpreting various phenomena, such as sound waves in the theory of audition. It is a fundamental tool in many fields, including mathematics, physics, and engineering.

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14.

(A) Malleus: Hammer ; Incus: Anvil ; Stapes: Stirrup (B) Cochlea: Kokhlos (air snail)
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

Kokhlos means land snail

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15.

(A) The cochlea is a long, coiled tube with the Organ of Corti running almost to its tip. (B) The Organ of Corti is the auditory receptor organ and an internal structure of the cochlea.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. The cochlea is indeed a long, coiled tube with the Organ of Corti running almost to its tip. The Organ of Corti is the auditory receptor organ and an internal structure of the cochlea. Therefore, both statements accurately describe the cochlea and the Organ of Corti.

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16.

(A) The auditory receptors and hair cells are mounted in the basilar membrane. (B) The auditory receptors and hair cells are mounted in the tectorial membrane.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

The tectorial membrane rests on the hair cells

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17.

(A) Vibrations of the cochlear fluid are dissipated by the round window. (B) Vibrations of the stapes trigger vibrations of the oval window.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. In the auditory system, sound vibrations enter the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted through the ossicles, specifically the stapes, which is connected to the oval window. The vibrations of the stapes trigger vibrations of the oval window. At the same time, the vibrations of the cochlear fluid, which are caused by the movement of the oval window, are dissipated by the round window. Therefore, both A and B are correct in describing different aspects of the transmission of sound vibrations in the ear.

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18.

(A) A major principle of cochlear coding is that different frequencies produce minimal stimulation of hair cells at different points along the basilar membrane. (B) Higher frequencies produce greater activation closer to the windows and lower frequencies produce greater activation at the tip of the basilar membrane.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Maximal stimulation

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19.

(A) Most structures of the auditory system are arrayed according to frequency. (B) The organization of the auditory system is purely tonotopic.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

The auditory system is only largely tonotopic, not completely

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20.

(A) Semicircular canals are the receptive organs of the auditory system. (B) The auditory system carries information about the direction and intensity of head movements, which helps us maintain our balance.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

Both statements are about the vestibular, not the auditory system

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21.

(A) Localization of sounds in space is mediated by the superior and inferior olives. (B) The medial and lateral superior olives project to the superior and inferior colliculus.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Localization of sounds in space is mediated by the medial and lateral superior olives

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22.

(A) The general function of the superior colliculi is locating sources of sensory input in space. (B) The deep layers of the superior colliculi receive auditory input and are laid out according to a map of auditory space.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. The superior colliculi have a general function of locating sources of sensory input in space, which means they are involved in processing sensory information and determining the location of stimuli in the environment. Additionally, the deep layers of the superior colliculi specifically receive auditory input and are organized according to a map of auditory space, further supporting the idea that they play a role in spatial processing of sensory information.

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23.

(A) Primates' primary auditory cortex receives majority of input from the medial geniculate nucleus. (B) The primate primary auditory cortex comprises three adjacent areas which refer to the core region.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both options A and B are correct. Option A states that the primary auditory cortex in primates receives the majority of its input from the medial geniculate nucleus, which is true. Option B states that the primate primary auditory cortex consists of three adjacent areas referred to as the core region, which is also true. Therefore, both statements are correct.

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24.

(A) The primary auditory cortex is organized in functional rows (B) All neurons encountered during the vertical microelectrode penetration of primary auditory cortex tend to respond optimally to sounds in different frequency ranges
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

*functional columns
*neurons respond optimally to sounds in the same frequency range

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25.

(A) Auditory signals are conducted to two large areas of association cortex: prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex. (B) The anterior auditory pathways is involved in locating sounds (where) and the posterior auditory pathway is more involved in identifying sounds (what)
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

Anterior - whAt
postErior - whEre

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26.

(A) Association cortex is where interactions or associations take place. (B) The primary function of the auditory posterior pathway is preparation for action.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both statements A and B are correct.

Statement A states that the association cortex is where interactions or associations take place. This is accurate as the association cortex is responsible for integrating information from different sensory modalities and regions of the brain, allowing for complex cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and decision-making.

Statement B states that the primary function of the auditory posterior pathway is preparation for action. This is also correct as the auditory posterior pathway, which includes areas such as the posterior parietal cortex and premotor cortex, is involved in processing auditory information and translating it into motor actions or responses. This pathway helps in preparing and planning actions based on the auditory stimuli received.

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27.

(A) Functional brain imaging's advantage is that it can focus on one part of the brain. (B) Sensory system interaction seems to be an early and integral part of sensory processing.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Functional brain imaging records activity throughout the brain, it does not focus on one part only

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28.

(A) Most auditory neurons respond to changes in frequency rather than pitch. (B) Bondor and Wang discovered a small area interior to the primary auditory cortex that contained many neurons that responded to pitch rather than frequency.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. The explanation for this answer is that most auditory neurons respond to changes in frequency rather than pitch. This means that they are more sensitive to changes in the physical properties of sound waves, such as their speed or wavelength, rather than the subjective perception of pitch. Additionally, Bondor and Wang discovered a small area interior to the primary auditory cortex that contained many neurons that responded to pitch rather than frequency. This suggests that there are specific regions in the brain that are dedicated to processing pitch information.

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29.

(A) Most human visual cortex is in the lateral fissure. (B) The lateral fissure is rarely destroyed in its entirety.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Most human auditory cortex is in the lateral fissure

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30.

(A) Complete loss of hearing follows bilateral lesions, presumably from the shock of the lesion, and hearing never recovers. (B) Major permanent effects of bilateral lesions are loss of the ability to localize sound and impairment of the ability to discriminate frequencies
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Hearing recovers in the ensuing weeks. The only major permanent effects are the ones stated above.

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31.

(A) The effects of unilateral auditory cortex lesions suggest that the auditory system is partially contralateral. (B) A unilateral lesion disrupts the ability to localize sounds in space ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the lesion
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

A unilateral lesion disrupts the ability to localize sounds in space contralateral to the lesion

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32.

(A) Conductive deafness is associated with damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve. (B) Nerve deafness is associated with damage to the ossicles.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

Conductive deafness: ossiCles
NERVE deafness: cochlea or auditory NERVE

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33.

(A) A major cause of nerve deafness is the loss of hair cell receptors. (B) If only part of the cochlea is damaged, an individual develops nerve deafness for all frequencies.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

If only part of the cochlea is damaged, an individual may have nerve deafness for SOME frequencies, but not others

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34.

(A) Hearing loss is always associated with tinnitus. (B) Cutting the nerve from the ringing ear has no effect on the ringing. This suggests that changes to the central auditory system that were caused by the deafness are the cause of tinnitus.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Hearing loss is only sometimes associated with tinnitus

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35.

(A) Cochlear implants bypass damage to the auditory hair cells by converting sounds to electric signals, which are then carried into the cochlea. (B) Cochlear implants can eventually restore normal healing.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

Though cochlear implants provide major benefits, they do not restore normal hearing

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36.

(A) Exteroceptive system senses external stimuli applied to the skin and interoceptive system provides general information about conditions within the body. (B) Proprioceptive system monitors information about the position of the body that comes from receptors in the muscles, joints, and origins of balance.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

The given statement states that both A and B are correct. According to the statement, the exteroceptive system senses external stimuli applied to the skin, while the interoceptive system provides general information about conditions within the body. This aligns with the definition of the exteroceptive and interoceptive systems. Additionally, the statement also states that the proprioceptive system monitors information about the position of the body that comes from receptors in the muscles, joints, and origins of balance. This aligns with the definition of the proprioceptive system. Therefore, both statements A and B are correct.

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37.

(A) Free nerve endings are the simplest cutaneous receptors because they have no specialized structures. They are only sensitive to temperature change. (B) Pacinian Corpuscles are the largest and deepest cutaneous receptors. So, they adapt slowly to sudden displacements of the skin, but not to constant pressure.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

Free nerve endings are sensitive to temperature change and pain. Pacinian corpuscles adapt rapidly to sudden displacements of the skin, but not to constant pressure.

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38.

(A) Merkel's disks adapt slowly and respond to gradual skin indentation (B) Ruffini endings adapt slowly and respond to skin
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct because Merkel's disks and Ruffini endings are both types of mechanoreceptors found in the skin. Merkel's disks adapt slowly and respond to gradual skin indentation, while Ruffini endings also adapt slowly and respond to skin stretch. Therefore, both statements accurately describe the characteristics of these two types of sensory receptors.

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39.

(A) Stereognosia is the identification of objects by touch. (B) We manipulate objects we touch in our hands so the pattern of stimulation continually changes so that the quality of sensation does not change and we can obtain information about the qualities of the tactual stimuli.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Stereognosis, not stereognosia

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40.

(A) Stimuli applied to the skin change the chemistry of the receptor. (B) Changing the permeability of the receptor cell membrane to various ions result into a neural signal.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct because stimuli applied to the skin can indeed change the chemistry of the receptor, which can then result in a neural signal. Additionally, changing the permeability of the receptor cell membrane to various ions can also result in a neural signal. Therefore, both A and B provide valid explanations for how stimuli applied to the skin can lead to a neural signal.

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41.

(A) Each tactile sensation is produced by the interaction of multiple receptor mechanisms. (B) Each type of skin receptor mediates a different tactile sensation.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

The correct answer is A is correct and B is wrong. This is because statement A states that each tactile sensation is produced by the interaction of multiple receptor mechanisms, which is supported by scientific evidence. On the other hand, statement B suggests that each type of skin receptor mediates a different tactile sensation, which is not entirely accurate. While different types of skin receptors may be specialized for detecting certain sensations, the perception of tactile sensations is a complex process involving the integration of multiple receptors and neural pathways.

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42.

(A) Destruction of a single dorsal root produces large somatosensory loss (B) Dermatomes is an area of body innervated by the dorsal roots of a segment of the spinal cord.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

Only little somatosensory loss is produced when a single dorsal root is destructed

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43.

(A) The dorsal-column medial-lemniscus system tends to carry information about touch and proprioception. (B) So, lesions of this system can eliminate touch perception or proprioception.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

Lesions of the dorsal column medial-lemniscus system do not eliminate touch perception or proprioception

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44.

The __________ neurons that originate in the toes are the longest neurons in the human body
- Ventral column
- Posterior column
- Dorsal column
- Medial column
Correct Answer

A. Dorsal column

Explanation

The dorsal column refers to a pathway in the spinal cord that carries sensory information from the body to the brain. The neurons in the dorsal column are responsible for transmitting sensory signals from the toes to the brain. These neurons are considered the longest in the human body because they extend from the toes all the way up to the brain, allowing for the transmission of sensory information over long distances.

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45.

(A) Anterolateral System tends to carry information about touch and temperature. (B) If both ascending somatosensory paths are completely transected by a spinal injury, the patient can feel no body sensation from above the level of the cut.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

Anterolateral system carries information for pain and temperature. From below the level of the cut.

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46.

(A) The human primary somatosensory cortex is somatotopic (B) The somatotopic map is referred to as the somatosensory homoculus (little man)
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. A is correct and B is wrong

Explanation

It should be homunculus, not homoculus

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47.

(A) The greatest proportion of primary somatosensory cortex is dedicated to receiving input from parts of the body for making tactile discriminations e.g. hands, lips, tongue. (B) Only small areas of the primary somatosensory cortex receive input from large areas of the body that are not usually used to make somatosensory discriminations.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are correct

Explanation

Both A and B are correct. The primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information from different parts of the body. However, it is known that certain areas of the body, such as the hands, lips, and tongue, have a larger representation in the primary somatosensory cortex compared to other areas. This means that a greater proportion of the primary somatosensory cortex is dedicated to receiving input from these body parts for making tactile discriminations. Additionally, it is true that only small areas of the primary somatosensory cortex receive input from large areas of the body that are not usually used to make somatosensory discriminations.

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48.

(A) The primary somatosensory cortex is largely ipsilateral. (B) The secondary somatosensory cortex receives most of its input from the primary somatosensory cortex and receives input from both sides of the body.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. B is correct and A is wrong

Explanation

The primary somatosensory cortex is largely contralateral

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49.

(A) The posterior parietal cortex contains unimodal neurons that respond to somatosensory stimuli. (B) The visual and somatosensory receptive fields of each neuron are not spatially related.
- A is correct and B is wrong
- B is correct and A is wrong
- Both A and B are correct
- Both A and B are wrong
Correct Answer

A. Both A and B are wrong

Explanation

The posterior parietal cortex contains bimodal neurons that respond to both somatosensory and visual stimuli. So, the visual and somatosensory receptive fields are spatially related.

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Quiz Created by
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"Brain And Behavior" Exam; Are You Ready To Be A Biopsychologist?

There are 3 types of sensory areas of cortex, namely (1) primary sensory cortex, (2) secondary sensory cortex, and (3) tertiary cortex

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(A) The primary sensory cortex receives most of its input directly from the thalamic relay nuclei of a system. (B) The sensory cortex receives most of its input directly from the primary sensor cortex of a system or from other areas of secondary sensory cortex of the same system.

(A) The association cortex receives input from more than one sensory system. (B) Most input to areas of association cortex comes via areas of primary sensory cortex.

(A) Perception is the process of detecting the presence of stimuli. (B) Sensation is the higher-order processing of integrating, recognizing, and interpreting complete patterns of perceptions.

(A) Sensory systems are parallel systems in which information flows over multiple pathways. (B) Parallel systems feature parallel processing (simultaneous analysis of a signal in different ways by multiple parallel pathways of a neural network).

(A) One kind of parallel stream of analysis in our sensory systems is capable of influencing behavior without conscious awareness. (B) One kind of parallel stream of analysis in our sensory systems is capable of influencing behavior by engaging conscious awareness.

(A) Because the brain has multiple pathways, complex stimuli are perceived as combinations of independent attributes. (B) The Claustrum is an area of the brain that is said to be the potential location for binding sensory information.

(A) Sounds are vibrations of air molecules that stimulate the auditory system. (B) Amplitude is linked to perception of loudness; frequency is linked to perception of pitch; complexity of molecular vibration is linked to perception of timbre.

(A) Pure Tones (Sine Wave Vibrations) only exist in laboratories and sound recording studios because sound is actually always associated with simple patterns of vibrations. (B) For any pure tone, there is a close relationship between the frequency of tone and its perceived timbre.

(A) An extremely important characteristic of pitch perception is that the pitch of a complex sound may be directly related to the frequency of any of the sound's components. (B) The important aspect of pitch perception is referred to as the" missing fundamental".

This is the mathematical procedure for breaking down complex waves into their component sine waves.

(A) Malleus: Hammer ; Incus: Anvil ; Stapes: Stirrup (B) Cochlea: Kokhlos (air snail)

(A) The cochlea is a long, coiled tube with the Organ of Corti running almost to its tip. (B) The Organ of Corti is the auditory receptor organ and an internal structure of the cochlea.

(A) The auditory receptors and hair cells are mounted in the basilar membrane. (B) The auditory receptors and hair cells are mounted in the tectorial membrane.

(A) Vibrations of the cochlear fluid are dissipated by the round window. (B) Vibrations of the stapes trigger vibrations of the oval window.

(A) Most structures of the auditory system are arrayed according to frequency. (B) The organization of the auditory system is purely tonotopic.

(A) Semicircular canals are the receptive organs of the auditory system. (B) The auditory system carries information about the direction and intensity of head movements, which helps us maintain our balance.

(A) Localization of sounds in space is mediated by the superior and inferior olives. (B) The medial and lateral superior olives project to the superior and inferior colliculus.

(A) The general function of the superior colliculi is locating sources of sensory input in space. (B) The deep layers of the superior colliculi receive auditory input and are laid out according to a map of auditory space.

(A) Primates' primary auditory cortex receives majority of input from the medial geniculate nucleus. (B) The primate primary auditory cortex comprises three adjacent areas which refer to the core region.

(A) The primary auditory cortex is organized in functional rows (B) All neurons encountered during the vertical microelectrode penetration of primary auditory cortex tend to respond optimally to sounds in different frequency ranges

(A) Auditory signals are conducted to two large areas of association cortex: prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex. (B) The anterior auditory pathways is involved in locating sounds (where) and the posterior auditory pathway is more involved in identifying sounds (what)

(A) Association cortex is where interactions or associations take place. (B) The primary function of the auditory posterior pathway is preparation for action.

(A) Functional brain imaging's advantage is that it can focus on one part of the brain. (B) Sensory system interaction seems to be an early and integral part of sensory processing.

(A) Most auditory neurons respond to changes in frequency rather than pitch. (B) Bondor and Wang discovered a small area interior to the primary auditory cortex that contained many neurons that responded to pitch rather than frequency.

(A) Most human visual cortex is in the lateral fissure. (B) The lateral fissure is rarely destroyed in its entirety.

(A) Complete loss of hearing follows bilateral lesions, presumably from the shock of the lesion, and hearing never recovers. (B) Major permanent effects of bilateral lesions are loss of the ability to localize sound and impairment of the ability to discriminate frequencies

(A) The effects of unilateral auditory cortex lesions suggest that the auditory system is partially contralateral. (B) A unilateral lesion disrupts the ability to localize sounds in space ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the lesion

(A) Conductive deafness is associated with damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve. (B) Nerve deafness is associated with damage to the ossicles.

(A) A major cause of nerve deafness is the loss of hair cell receptors. (B) If only part of the cochlea is damaged, an individual develops nerve deafness for all frequencies.

(A) Hearing loss is always associated with tinnitus. (B) Cutting the nerve from the ringing ear has no effect on the ringing. This suggests that changes to the central auditory system that were caused by the deafness are the cause of tinnitus.

(A) Cochlear implants bypass damage to the auditory hair cells by converting sounds to electric signals, which are then carried into the cochlea. (B) Cochlear implants can eventually restore normal healing.

(A) Merkel's disks adapt slowly and respond to gradual skin indentation (B) Ruffini endings adapt slowly and respond to skin

(A) Stereognosia is the identification of objects by touch. (B) We manipulate objects we touch in our hands so the pattern of stimulation continually changes so that the quality of sensation does not change and we can obtain information about the qualities of the tactual stimuli.

(A) Stimuli applied to the skin change the chemistry of the receptor. (B) Changing the permeability of the receptor cell membrane to various ions result into a neural signal.

(A) Each tactile sensation is produced by the interaction of multiple receptor mechanisms. (B) Each type of skin receptor mediates a different tactile sensation.

(A) Destruction of a single dorsal root produces large somatosensory loss (B) Dermatomes is an area of body innervated by the dorsal roots of a segment of the spinal cord.

(A) The dorsal-column medial-lemniscus system tends to carry information about touch and proprioception. (B) So, lesions of this system can eliminate touch perception or proprioception.

The __________ neurons that originate in the toes are the longest neurons in the human body

(A) Anterolateral System tends to carry information about touch and temperature. (B) If both ascending somatosensory paths are completely transected by a spinal injury, the patient can feel no body sensation from above the level of the cut.

(A) The human primary somatosensory cortex is somatotopic (B) The somatotopic map is referred to as the somatosensory homoculus (little man)

(A) The primary somatosensory cortex is largely ipsilateral. (B) The secondary somatosensory cortex receives most of its input from the primary somatosensory cortex and receives input from both sides of the body.

(A) The posterior parietal cortex contains unimodal neurons that respond to somatosensory stimuli. (B) The visual and somatosensory receptive fields of each neuron are not spatially related.