Polymers - Playful Polymers Inspired By Nature

Nylon is the correct answer because it is a type of synthetic fabric that is commonly used as a substitute for silk. It is known for its strength, durability, and smooth texture, making it a popular choice for various applications such as clothing, upholstery, and parachutes. Nylon is made through a chemical process that involves the polymerization of specific compounds, resulting in a fabric that closely resembles the properties of natural silk.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the word "polymer" is derived from two Greek roots: "poly-" which means "many" and "-mer" which means "part" or "segment". Therefore, the word "polymer" literally means "many parts" or "many segments". This explanation supports the statement that the word "polymer" can be divided into two parts - "poly-" meaning "many" and "-mer" meaning "part" or "segment".

Polymer is indeed a chemical compound that is formed by linking together many repeating units of the same molecule group. These repeating units, called monomers, join together through chemical bonds to form long chains. This characteristic of polymers allows them to have unique properties such as flexibility, strength, and durability. Therefore, the statement "Polymer is a chemical compound formed from long chains of the same molecule group, repeating over and over" is true.

Natural polymers are indeed ones that can come from plants. Cellulose, starch, and rubber are examples of natural polymers that are derived from plant sources. Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, starch is a carbohydrate storage molecule found in plants, and rubber is produced by certain plants as a defense mechanism. Therefore, the statement is true.

When cross-links are formed in a polymer, its chains of molecules are connected in several places, producing a stronger and more elastic polymer. Cross-links act as bridges between the polymer chains, creating a three-dimensional network. This network restricts the movement of the chains, making the polymer more rigid and resistant to deformation. Additionally, the presence of cross-links allows the polymer to stretch and then return to its original shape, providing elasticity. Overall, the formation of cross-links enhances the mechanical properties of the polymer, making it stronger and more flexible.

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Persia is the correct answer because historical evidence suggests that the word Borax originated in Persia, which is present-day Iran. Persia was known for its extensive mineral resources, including borax deposits, which were used for various purposes such as cleaning, preserving food, and making glass. The word "borax" itself is believed to have derived from the Persian word "burah," meaning white. Therefore, Persia is the most likely country of origin for the word Borax.

The molecular formula for Borax, Na2B4O7·10H2O, indicates that there are two sodium atoms (Na2) which bond with the tetraborate ion (B4O7). The tetraborate ion consists of four boron atoms and seven oxygen atoms. Additionally, there are ten water molecules (10H2O) present in the crystal structure of Borax, known as waters of hydration. Therefore, the correct answer is that Na2 represents two sodium atoms bonding with the tetraborate molecule, B4O7 represents the tetraborate ion, and 10H2O represents the waters of hydration.

Slime and ketchup are considered non-Newtonian fluids because they do not follow Newton's laws of viscosity. Unlike Newtonian fluids, which have a constant viscosity regardless of the applied force, non-Newtonian fluids like slime and ketchup exhibit variable viscosity. Their viscosity changes depending on the amount of force applied to them. For example, slime can behave like a liquid when poured slowly, but can also act like a solid when a sudden force is applied. Similarly, ketchup can be thick and resist flow until it is shaken or squeezed, after which it becomes more fluid.

Borax and PVA glue such as Elmers are common materials used in making a polymer ball, slime, and floam. Borax is a key ingredient in making slime and floam as it acts as a crosslinking agent, creating the polymer network. PVA glue, on the other hand, is the main component of the slime and floam, providing the stretchy and sticky texture. Therefore, both Borax and PVA glue are necessary for creating these materials.