Political Science 5

1. According to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence, our rights are

Determined arbitrarily.

Granted by our fellow citizens.

Determined indirectly as whatever is not regulated by government.

Natural.

Granted by government.

2. The Supreme Court has ruled that the Second Amendment

Does not apply to the states.

Establishes an individual right to bear arms.

Is ambiguous and should be disregarded.

Applies to the states.

3. The exclusionary rule is the Supreme Court rule that states that

Special regulations promulgated by the president to keep foreign aliens from entering the country apply only during a national crisis.

Illegally seized evidence cannot be used to obtain a conviction.

A defendant's previous record cannot be raised in a trial.

A defendant's religious activities must be excluded from evidence.

4. An action that criminalizes an act after it occurs is

A “closing the barn door after the horse is out” law.

Unconstitutional.

A bill of attainder

A post hoc law.

5. Miranda v. Arizona held that

Police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning.

All confessions must be made in the presence of a lawyer.

Confessions obtained beyond U.S. borders cannot be used as evidence in U.S. courts.

All confessions must be made in the presence of a lawyer.

6. The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as

Habeas corpus

Ills of presentment

Ex post facto presentation

Miranda rights.

7. The establishment clause guarantees

That all citizens may freely engage in religious activities of their choice.

That government will not create and support an official state church

That all churches shall have tax-exempt status.

He right to set up a church whenever a religious group so desires.

8. According to the textbook, free speech is valuable for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

It is good for economic development.

It helps preserve the truth. it helps create an informed citizenry.

It helps preserve the truth. provides a voice for the minority.

It helps preserve the truth.

9. The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states is

Congress

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution

The Bill of Rights itself

Federalist No. 10

10. All of the following statements concerning incorporation of the Bill of Rights are true EXCEPT

The Supreme Court began the process of incorporation of the Bill of Rights in the late 1960s.

Incorporation has taken place on the basis of provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Ncorporation is a matter of interpretation rather than a constitutional principle

Without incorporation the Bill of Rights would apply only to acts of the federal government.

11. The Supreme Court demonstrated the difficulty of balancing the free exercise of religion clause of the First Amendment with the need for social order in

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette.

Roe v. Wade.

Gitlow v. New York.

12. According to the Supreme Court, for school prayer to violate the establishment clause it must

Be denominational.

Be part of official school activities

E anti-Semitic.

Be objectionable to at least one student.

13. The Supreme Court has ruled that public figures can win libel suits against the mass media only when

The public figure does not agree with the claims

The claims made by the media are false.

14. The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment individual right to bear arms

Applies to the states as well as to the national government.

Is restricted to rifles.

Applies only to the national government.

15. In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, the Supreme Court has

Made it easier for the government to suppress speech.

Made it harder for the government to suppress speech.

Rarely had to address when the government can suppress speech.

Been reluctant to interfere with the government’s authority to suppress speech.

16. Written defamation of character is known as

Libel.

Slander.

Sedition.

Obscenity.

17. According to the textbook, all of the following statements concerning rights are true EXCEPT

Rights involve the absence of power, not the creation of power.

The Dred Scott case demonstrated the power of citizenship

Noncitizens may have rights.

Rights help to define the difference between a citizen and a subject.

Rights create power for the individual over government.

18. The Lemon test established that

No state can establish an official religion.

Citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice.

There shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion.

If there are prayer or Bible readings in schools, then students who do not wish to participate must be excused.

19. The Supreme Court began the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states

In the case of Marbury v. Madison.

In the 1960s

In 1897

In the Dred Scott decision

20. Separationists differ from accommodationists in that

Separationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than accommodationists

Separationists wish to separate issues of school prayer from issues involving the establishment clause.

Accommodationists favor a stricter separation of church and state than separationists.

21. In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a fair trial, the Supreme Court has

Generally restricted press access to a trial.

Generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings.

Relied on the defendant's feelings to determine if there should be press access to the trial.

22. The Supreme Court has ruled that prior restraint

May be used by presidents in situations they declare to involve national security.

May be upheld only in cases of extreme emergency

. may be upheld when Congress has granted the president legal authority to censor.

Is always unconstitutional.

23. The Supreme Court has ruled that the exclusionary rule should

Be eliminated.

Apply only to acts of the national government.

Apply only when the police conduct an illegal search deliberately.

Not apply to cases involving investigations of terrorism.

24. Based on Supreme Court rulings, in which of the following situations is the death penalty permissible?

When juries do not have uniform standards to apply in imposing the death penalty

When the defendant is mentally retarded

When the defendant is a juvenile

When lethal injection is the method used to impose the death penalty

25. The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as