Physical Science Ch.8 Semester 2 Exam Review

Explanation
This answer is based on the principle that substances with similar chemical properties tend to dissolve in each other. In other words, polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents. This is because the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent molecules are similar, allowing them to mix and form a homogeneous solution. For example, water (a polar solvent) can dissolve salt (a polar solute) because both have polar molecules. Conversely, oil (a nonpolar solvent) can dissolve grease (a nonpolar solute) because both have nonpolar molecules.

Explanation

Explanation
Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and standard atmospheric pressure. It is a measure of the solute's ability to dissolve in the solvent. The answer accurately defines solubility as the maximum mass of a solute that can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent, providing a clear understanding of the concept.

Explanation
When more solute is added to a saturated solution, it becomes super saturated. This means that the solution now contains more solute than it can normally hold at that temperature. The excess solute remains dissolved in the solution, creating an unstable state. Any disturbance, such as temperature change or the introduction of a seed crystal, can cause the excess solute to precipitate out of the solution, returning it to a saturated state.

Explanation
The correct answer is saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated. These terms are used to describe the concentration of solute in a solution. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature. An unsaturated solution has not reached its maximum solute capacity and can dissolve more solute. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than it should be able to hold at that temperature, often achieved through a process of heating and cooling.