Jean Paul Sartre Existentialism Philosophy! Trivia Quiz

According to Sartre, the state in which we realize there is no promise of the future because we are in control only of our freedom is despair. This means that when we fully recognize our freedom and the responsibility that comes with it, we may feel a sense of hopelessness or emptiness as we realize that there is no predetermined path or guarantee of a certain outcome. This realization can lead to a feeling of despair as we grapple with the uncertainty and the weight of our choices.

Jaspers believed that boundary situations are those critical moments in life that push us to make a choice between staying within our familiar limits or taking a leap into the unknown, transcendent realm. These situations could include experiences such as facing death or encountering a cipher, where we are forced to confront the limits of our understanding and existence. Jaspers sees these boundary situations as opportunities for personal growth and transformation.

According to Sartre, anguish refers to the state of suffering in which we realize we are responsible for our choices. This suggests that anguish is a fundamental aspect of human existence, as it arises from the recognition that our actions have consequences and that we are ultimately accountable for them. It reflects the existentialist belief that we are free to choose our own paths, but also highlights the anxiety and anguish that can accompany this freedom.

According to Sartre, the state in which we realize we are always alone is called "abandonment." This refers to the existentialist belief that humans are fundamentally alone and responsible for their own existence. Sartre argues that we are abandoned by any higher power or external authority, leaving us to create our own meaning and purpose in life. This realization can lead to feelings of isolation and a sense of being adrift in the world.

Nietzsche's way of questioning the seemingly absolute status of values is through the concept of transvaluation of values. This term refers to the process of reevaluating and reinterpreting traditional moral and cultural values, challenging their inherent authority and suggesting alternative perspectives. Nietzsche believed that values are not fixed and universal, but rather subjective and contingent on individual perspectives and historical contexts. Through transvaluation, he aimed to dismantle the traditional value system and create space for the emergence of new values that are more authentic and life-affirming.

Buber believed that the most meaningful and authentic relationship between individuals is the I-Thou relationship. In this type of relationship, individuals fully engage with each other as unique beings, recognizing and respecting each other's humanity and worth. It is a relationship of mutual recognition, where individuals are fully present and open to the other, fostering deep connection, empathy, and understanding. This type of relationship contrasts with the I-it relationship, where individuals view each other as objects or means to an end, lacking genuine connection and empathy. The I-Thou relationship is seen as essential for experiencing true love and genuine human connection.

Kierkegaard prefers the knight of faith over the ethical person because the knight of faith represents a higher level of existence according to Kierkegaard's philosophy. The knight of faith is someone who takes a "leap of faith" and believes in the absurd, while the ethical person follows moral rules and principles. Kierkegaard values the individual's subjective relationship with God and the ability to make choices based on faith rather than purely rational or ethical considerations. Therefore, the knight of faith is seen as a more authentic and passionate individual in Kierkegaard's view.

Primary reflection refers to the process of critically examining and questioning our everyday routines and actions. It involves stepping back from our functional life and analyzing the underlying assumptions and beliefs that guide our behavior. Marcel suggests that primary reflection is necessary for personal growth and self-awareness, as it allows us to break free from the constraints of routine and explore deeper meanings and values in our lives.

Jumping into an objective uncertainty refers to embracing a state of faith and belief in the face of uncertainty. This leap signifies a transition from relying on reason and logic (the aesthetic and ethical stages) to embracing the unknown and surrendering to a higher power (the religious stage). In the religious stage, individuals find meaning and purpose through their relationship with the divine, accepting that some aspects of life cannot be fully understood or explained. This leap into the religious stage involves a willingness to trust in something beyond oneself and to navigate the uncertainties of existence with faith.

Dasein is a term coined by Martin Heidegger and refers to the human being's existence or being-in-the-world. According to Jaspers, the state of plain givenness refers to the immediate and unmediated experience of existence. Dasein represents the individual's unique existence and the way they engage with the world. It encompasses their consciousness, self-awareness, and the choices they make. Jaspers emphasizes the importance of recognizing and embracing this state of plain givenness in order to fully understand and engage with one's own existence.