Pharmacology(6) Git - MCQ
.
- 1.Decreased colonic activity may be due to:
- A.
Drugs
- B.
High bulk diet
- C.
Depression, confusional states
- D.
Various local conditions including carcinoma
- E.
Old age, immobility
- 2.Drugs that cause obstipation:
- A.
Anticholinergic agents
- B.
Ca channel antagonists
- C.
Opioids
- D.
Tricyclic antidepressants
- E.
Muscarinic agonists
- 3.Plant fiber (a laxative, purgative)
- A.
Increases the bulk of the stools
- B.
Increases the bowel transit time
- C.
Slowly distends the wall of the colon
- D.
Increases the effective caloric content of the diet
- E.
Takes up water and swells
- 4.Lactulose
- A.
Is a monosaccharide
- B.
Is broken down in the small intestine by bacteria
- C.
Is broken down to unabsorbed organic anions which retain fluid
- D.
Produces laxative effects after 2-3 hours
- E.
Is of particular value in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
- 5.Lactulose is of particular value in the treatment of encephalopathy:
- A.
As it discourages the proliferation of ammonia producing organisms
- B.
As it decreases the absorption of ammonia
- C.
As it decreases chronic portal hypertension
- D.
As it acidifies the stools
- E.
As it improves functions of CNS after absorption from the GIT
- 6.Magnesium sulfate
- A.
Is a laxative which acts within 1-2 days
- B.
Dilates the gallbladder and relaxes the sphincter of Oddi
- C.
Increases the secretion of cholecystokinin
- D.
Increases gastric, intestinal and pancreatic secretion
- E.
Should be given in dilute solution to a fasting individual
- 7.Glycosides of senna:
- A.
Their laxative effect is limited mainly to the large intestine
- B.
Naturally occuring glycosides are completely absorbed from the gut
- C.
After absorption they are secreted in the bile, breast milk and colon
- D.
Prior to absorption Senna glycosides are hydrolyzed to active principles
- E.
Their hydrolysis into the sennosides A and B is due to colonic bacteria
- 8.Senna alcaloids (anthraquinones, the sennosides A and B)
- A.
Act directly on the intramucosal plexus of the gut wall
- B.
Take about 8 minutes to produce an effect
- C.
Should not be given to pregnant women
- D.
Should not be given to nursing mothers
- E.
Can induce diarrhea with excessive loss of water and electrolytes
- 9.Glycerol (in the form of rectal suppositories)
- A.
Is useful if a rapid effect is required
- B.
Acts as a rectal stimulant due to local irritant action
- C.
Cannot be used in children
- D.
Rectal suppositories promote colonic evacuation in 30 minutes
- E.
Exerts severe diarrhea with loss of water and electrolytes
- 10.Changes after prolonged use of laxatives:
- A.
The colon becomes dilated and atonic
- B.
The colon exerts increased activity
- C.
Sodium depletion can be induced (hypotension, secondary aldosteronism)
- D.
Hyperkalemia can be induced (weakness, polyuria)
- E.
Changes are due to prolonged use of stimulant laxatives
- 11.In the treatment of acute diarrhea
- A.
Antibiotics are best avoided in non-pathogenic diarrhea
- B.
Antibiotics are best avoided in viral gastroenteritis
- C.
Oral rehydration should be used for initial therapy
- D.
Electrolytes and glucose should be supplemented for initial therapy
- E.
Oral rehydration and electrolytes supplementation are required particularly in children and in the elderly
- 12.In patients with diarrhea the following can be used:
- A.
Antibiotics to treat systemic illness
- B.
Antibiotics in evidence of bacterial infection
- C.
Antidiarrheal drugs decreasing intestinal transit time
- D.
Antidiarrheal drugs increasing bulk and viscosity of the gut contents
- E.
Opioids, antimuscarinics
- 13.Drugs increasing intestinal transit time are:
- A.
Codeine (an opioid)
- B.
Morphine (an opioid)
- C.
Loperamide
- D.
Diphenoxylate
- E.
Fysostigmin
- 14.Peptic ulcer disease
- A.
Is a chronic disorder
- B.
Characterized by frequent recurrences
- C.
Comprises duodenal and peptic ulcers
- D.
The incidence of duodenal ulcers is four to five times lower than that of gastric ulcer
- E.
Affects approximately 50% of the population
- 15.These are major factors of known importance for the etiology of ulceration:
- A.
Acid-pepsin secretion
- B.
Mucosal resistance to attack by acid and pepsin
- C.
The age
- D.
Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- E.
The presence of Helicobacter pylori
- 16.Acid secretion
- A.
Is produced by endocrine cells in the gastric antrum cells
- B.
Is stimulated by gastrin
- C.
Is inhibited by acetylcholine
- D.
Is inhibited by histamine
- E.
Is stimulated by prostaglandin E
- 17.Prostaglandin E2
- A.
Is the principal prostaglandin synthesized in the stomach
- B.
Is an important gastroprotective mediator
- C.
Inhibits secretion of acid
- D.
Inhibits secretion of protective mucus
- E.
Causes vasoconstriction of submucosal layer
- 18.Mucus layer is impaired by
- A.
Bicarbonate
- B.
Milk
- C.
Bile
- D.
Ethanol
- E.
Salicylates
- 19.Helicobacter pylori
- A.
Is a bacterium strongly linked to the development of gastric ulcer
- B.
Is usually found in the gastric antrum
- C.
Cannot colonize other areas of stomach and patches of gastric metaplasia on the duodenum
- D.
Is a common cause of antral gastritis
- E.
May alleviate symptoms in dyspeptic patients
- 20.Helicobacter pylori
- A.
Is present in the stomach of 5% of patients with duodenal ulcer
- B.
Clearance of H.pylori in ulcer patients is accompanied by a reduced rate of relapse
- C.
Its reappearance is associated with recurrent ulceration
- D.
Antral gastritis (caused by H.p.) is closely associated with duodenal ulcer
- E.
Cannot by eradicated using antibiotics
- 21.Principles of ulcer management:
- A.
Symptomatic relief
- B.
Promotion of ulcer healing
- C.
Prevention of reccurence once healing has occured
- D.
Prevention of complication
- E.
Surgical approach
- 22.General management of peptic ulcer disease:
- A.
Bed rest
- B.
Stopping smoking
- C.
Avoidance of strong coffee or tea
- D.
Avoidance of alcohol and non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs
- E.
Drug therapy of peptic ulcer
- 23.Healing of ulcers shoud be confirmed by:
- A.
Increased activity of AST, ALT
- B.
Repeat endoscopy
- C.
Decrease in creatininemia
- D.
Increase in natremia
- E.
Biopsy is recommended to exclude malignancy in the case of gastric ulcer.
- 24.Antacids:
- A.
React with gastric acid to form a neutral salt
- B.
Produce prompt pain relief
- C.
Are very effective at healing duodenal ulcer
- D.
Are very effective at healing gastric ulcers
- E.
Its effect on acid secretion lasts for long (5 hours)
- 25.Antacids involve:
- A.
Sodium bicarbonate
- B.
Magnesium salts (oxide, trisilicate, hydroxide)
- C.
Cimetidine
- D.
Sucralfate
- E.
Aluminium salts (hydroxide, phosphate, glycinate)
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