Pharmacology (გვ. 100-105) (2)

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The half-life of proton pump inhibitors is 0.5-2.0 hours.

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The correct answer is "ანთების საწინააღმდეგო არასტეროდიული საშუალებებით გამოწვეული კუჭის წყლულის პრევენციის მიზნით". This answer states that the mizoprostol is used to prevent the occurrence of gastric ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

The combination of omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin is used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that can cause stomach ulcers and gastritis. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid production, clarithromycin is an antibiotic that kills the bacteria, and amoxicillin is another antibiotic that helps to eliminate the infection. This combination therapy is effective in treating H. pylori infections and preventing their recurrence.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that reduce the production of stomach acid. Pirenzepine is not a proton pump inhibitor, but rather an antimuscarinic agent that is used to treat peptic ulcers by reducing gastric acid secretion. Therefore, pirenzepine does not belong to the class of proton pump inhibitors.

H2-histamine receptor antagonists inhibit proton pumps in the stomach, both in the basal state and during stimulated secretion. This means that they block the action of histamine, which normally stimulates the production of stomach acid. Therefore, H2-histamine receptor antagonists are effective in reducing gastric reflux, as they decrease the amount of acid produced in the stomach.

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Cimetidine is known to inhibit the CYP-450 enzyme and increase the risk of drug interactions. This can result in decreased metabolism of certain drugs, leading to increased levels and potential toxicity. The other options, Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, and Lansoprazole, are proton pump inhibitors and do not have a significant effect on CYP-450 enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is Cimetidine.

Sucralfate is a medication that is commonly prescribed to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and intestines. It works by forming a protective coating over the ulcer, allowing it to heal and preventing further damage from stomach acid. This makes it a suitable option for gastroprotective treatment.

The correct answer is "ბისმუტის ნიტრატი" (bismuth nitrate). Bismuth nitrate is not used in the eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Bismuth nitrate is a salt of bismuth and nitric acid and is primarily used as a reagent in chemical reactions and as a component in certain medications for gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is not effective against Helicobacter pylori and is therefore not included in the combination therapy for its eradication.

Encephalopathy refers to a broad term that describes any brain dysfunction or damage. Intoxication can lead to encephalopathy due to the toxic effects of the substances on the brain. Therefore, when someone experiences intoxication, it can result in encephalopathy.

The answer states that the patient experiences diarrhea and abdominal pain. This suggests that the patient may have a gastrointestinal issue or infection that is causing these symptoms.

The correct answer is "ომეპრაზოლი" because it is a medication commonly used to prevent bleeding during surgery or other medical procedures. It works by reducing the body's ability to form blood clots. Therefore, it would be logical to use ომეპრაზოლი during the time of a surgery to prevent excessive bleeding.

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Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces the production of stomach acid. PPIs work by blocking the enzyme in the stomach lining that produces acid. This helps to decrease the amount of acid in the stomach, which can alleviate symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and other conditions related to excessive stomach acid. Therefore, Esomeprazole is the correct answer as it is a type of proton pump inhibitor.

Lansoprazole is the proton pump inhibitor that increases the clearance of theophylline.

Cytochrome P-450 is a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in drug metabolism. Cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 enzymes, meaning it can inhibit their activity. Therefore, cimetidine is the correct answer as it is the drug that most strongly inhibits the cytochrome P-450 enzymatic system.

პირენზეპინი მედიკამენტურად ეკუთვნის მ-ქოლინორეცეპტორების ანტაგონისტს.

The given answer states that the preparations of bismuth have gastroprotective properties. This means that they can protect the stomach from damage caused by various factors such as gastric acid, prostaglandins, and bicarbonates. These preparations are commonly used during the treatment of gastric ulcers and other gastrointestinal conditions.

Phamotidine does not increase the concentration of ethanol in the blood when taken with it.

Nizatidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is commonly used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions such as ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It does not have any significant interactions with the cytochrome P-450 enzymatic system, which is responsible for metabolizing many drugs in the body. Therefore, it is the compound that is least likely to interfere with the cytochrome P-450 enzymatic system compared to the other options listed.