Pharm Mt 1 Part II

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1. Blood from the mesenteric circulation (GI tract) passed through the_______ before entering other organs.

Explanation

This is referring to the "first pass effect" of oral meds. Meds absorbed through the GI tract that pass thru the liver can undergo some degree of metabolism on the first pass thru the liver. At times, the effect can be so significant that the oral dose must be much HIGHER than the parenteral dose in order to assure effective serum concentration levels after the intial pass thru the liver (p. 9)

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Pharm Mt 1 Part II - Quiz

Principles of Pharm (Pgs. 9-18)

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2. The administration technique which bypasses/avoids use of the ___________ for medication absorption is called Parenteral.

Explanation

Examples include: intra-thecal (spine), intra-arterial, intra-cardiac, intra-venous, subcutaneous, intramuscluar

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3. Drugs administered ________ reach maximum serum concentration rapidly compared to drugs administered by many other routes.

Explanation

Topical creams have a very low absorption rate. Eye drops have a lower absorption than IV, but higher than topical creams.

pg. 16

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4. 25-50 mg of oral metoprolol has the same minimum effective dose in the serum as 2.5-5 mg of IV metoprolol.

Explanation

Oral metoprolol goes through the liver and is reduced by approx 10x by the time it reaches the serum. IV metoprolol bypasses the liver and therefore the administered dose is the same as the effective dose in the serum.
(pg. 9)

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5. Which of the following drugs was presented as an example for having poor drug stability when taken orally.

Explanation

Drugs such as insulin which are denatured by acid are not effective when administered orally bc they may be destroyed in the low pH environment of the stomach.

pg. 9

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6. Which of the following is FALSE in regard to oral drug administration?

Explanation

Oral agents SHOULD be able to be absorbed and passed through the intestinal lining in order to enter the bloodstream

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7. Which of the following is NOT considered a topical form of drug administration?

Explanation

Topical drug administration includes: opthalmic, dermatologic, nasal, vaginal, otic (ear), inhalation

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8. The half life of a drug often relates to:

Explanation

Drug metabolism and excretion also relate to duration of action...if there is an abnormal issue with the metabolism or excretion of a drug, the half life will be LONGER (duration of action will be longer).

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9. Legible, clear notice of the condition for which a drug or device is being prescribed is legally necessary when writing a Rx

Explanation

This is only required if requested by the patient

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10. How can one determine when steady state is reached for an continuous infusion, based on analyzing a drug serum concentration graph?

Explanation

For continuous infusion, steady state is indicated by a flat (horizontal) drug concentration (see pg. 17 top graph)

For intermittent dose, steady state is indicated when the peaks/troughs are equal in amplitude

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11. Another name for intermittent IV administration is "piggyback"

Explanation

pg. 11

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12. The optimum recommended dosage frequency of many drugs is often (but not always) determined to be _______ times the half life.
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13. The abbreviation for sublingual administration is SL

Explanation

The National Patient Safety Guidelines discourages the use of SL as an abbrev due to the potential for being mistaken as SC (subcutaneous).

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14. If the dose of a drug is 100 mg (assume 100% bioavailability) and the half life is 8 hours, how many half-lifes will it take for less than 2 mg of the drug to still be circulating the serum?
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15. Azithromycin, concentrates ________ and after several doses its half life ___________.

Explanation

Azithromycin tablets has a rapid and wide distribution throughout the body and concentrates intracellularly. The half life after a single dose is 11-14 hour, but after several doses the half life increases to 2-4 days.

(pg. 16)

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16. Sublingual drug administration uses percutaneous absorption through the mouth and gums

Explanation

This is the definition of buccal drug administration (not directly in notes, but I had it written in the margin)

Sublingual: meds placed under the tongue for absorb. into the bloodstream thru sublingual capillaries

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17. Both continuous infusion and single doses will eventually reach a steady state after 4-5 half lives.

Explanation

Single Dose serum concentration rises as the drug is distributed in the circulation. However, because only one dose is administered, the serum concentration decreases as the drug is distributed in the body and then eliminated.

Continuous Infusion serum concentration of the drug will reach steady state after 4-5 haf lives.

(pg. 16-17)

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18. Check ALL the correct matches

Explanation

T.I.D. = three times per day (B.I.D. = two times per day)
qs = up to
Sig = directions or "label as"
qtt = drops

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19. Check off ALL the options that are required on an Rx label.
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20. Choose ALL that apply to the formulation of drugs.
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21. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate match?

Explanation

qD should never be used for 'once a day'...instead qDay should be used

supp = suppository (not supplemental)

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22. Indicate which drugs have a high first pass effect according to lecture.

Explanation

not directly in notes, but I had it written in the margin

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23. The setting in which the drug will be used i.e. IV meds occurs in hopsitals whereas oral meds are more appropriate for outpatient use describes the "clinical situation" of a drug.

Explanation

This describes the 'intended use of the drug'

Clinical Situation: the urgency of a situation many dictate the the form of the drug preferred for use i.e. emergency situations may require IV administration whereas less urgen situations may be given via oral, subcutaneous, ophthalmic etc
(pg. 9)

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Blood from the mesenteric circulation (GI tract) passed through...
The administration technique which bypasses/avoids use of the...
Drugs administered ________ reach maximum serum concentration rapidly...
25-50 mg of oral metoprolol has the same minimum effective dose in the...
Which of the following drugs was presented as an example for having...
Which of the following is FALSE in regard to oral drug administration?
Which of the following is NOT considered a topical form of drug...
The half life of a drug often relates to:
Legible, clear notice of the condition for which a drug or device is...
How can one determine when steady state is reached for an continuous...
Another name for intermittent IV administration is...
The optimum recommended dosage frequency of many drugs is often (but...
The abbreviation for sublingual administration is SL
If the dose of a drug is 100 mg (assume 100% bioavailability) and the...
Azithromycin, concentrates ________ and after several doses its half...
Sublingual drug administration uses percutaneous absorption through...
Both continuous infusion and single doses will eventually reach a...
Check ALL the correct matches
Check off ALL the options that are required on an Rx label.
Choose ALL that apply to the formulation of drugs.
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate match?
Indicate which drugs have a high first pass effect according to...
The setting in which the drug will be used i.e. IV meds occurs in...
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