Pharm chapter 44; drugs for diabetes
Insulin released when blood glucose increases
Glucagon released when blood glucose decreases
Glucagon and insulin are same substance
Alpha cells secrete insulin
Beta cells secrete glucagon
Caused by absolute lack of insulin secretion due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells
Can result in cardiovascular damage
Can result in nervous system damage
Treated with insulin therapy
Caused by Lack of sensitivity of insulin receptors at target cells (insulin resistance)
Deficiency in insulin secretion
If untreated, results in same chronic conditions as type 1 DM
True
False
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
Because it is short acting, it should not be used in conjunction with long acting insulin
Can be used for emergency treatment of DKA
Can be used for gestational diabetes
The only type of insulin that can be given IV
Wieght gain is a possible side effect
Can be used in conjunction with , asa, MAOIs, alcohol and anabolic steroids
Tachycardia
Confusion
Sweating
Drowsiness, coma
Convulsions, death
True
False
True
False
Over 300
Uder 150
Between 200-250
All of the above
True
False
Inhibit release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells
Increase sensitivity of insulin receptors on target cells
Most common adverse effect is hypoglycemia
Metformin (Glucophage), is the only drug in this class
Decreases hepatic production of glucose (gluconeogenesis) and reduces insulin resistance
promotes insulin release from pancreas
Is the preferred oral hypoglycemic drug due to its effectiveness and safety
Can not be used with other oral drugs in its class or insulin
Does not cause hypoglycemia
Inefective in pts who no longer secrete insulin
Also lowers tryglycerides, ldls and promotes wieght loss!!
Can be used to restore menstrual cycles and ovulation
Adverse effects include metalic tast and anorexia
Often causes hypoglycemia and wieght gain
Cannot be used by pt with impaired renal function, heart failure or liver failure
Garlic and genseng may increase effects
Speeds up the digestion of glucose
Block enzymes in small intestine responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides
Usually well tolerated with minimal side effects related to the GI system
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
90 or below
70 or below
Above 120
90 or above
48 hrs
24hrs
12hrs
4hrs
Dietary restrictions
Exercise
Insulin therapy
Amputations
True
False