How Much Do You Know About Cardiac Physiology? Trivia Quiz
The human heart is a fascinating organ, and it weighs about 12 ounces. The heart serves the purpose of pumping blood throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide in it. Do you think that you have what it takes to pass the cardiac physiology quiz? Why don’t you give it a shot and see if you need more revising time?
- 1.
Which is the cardiac pacemaker?
- A.
SA node
- B.
AV node
- C.
Bundle of His
- D.
Purkinje system
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. SA nodeExplanation
The SA node is known as the cardiac pacemaker because it is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. It is located in the right atrium of the heart and generates electrical signals that cause the atria to contract. These signals then travel to the AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje system, which help to coordinate the contraction of the ventricles. Therefore, the SA node is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in regulating the heart's rhythm.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The SA node:
- A.
Is composed of large round cells
- B.
Has many organelles
- C.
Develops from the embryonic right side
- D.
Has cells connected by gap junctions
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. Has cells connected by gap junctionsExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above." The SA node is composed of large round cells, has many organelles, and develops from the embryonic right side. Additionally, the cells in the SA node are connected by gap junctions.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which is NOT true of the AV node?
- A.
Increases LV contraction
- B.
Delays SA node activity so atria can empty
- C.
Relays SA signals to AV bundles
- D.
Located in the interatrial septum
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Increases LV contractionExplanation
The AV node does not increase left ventricle (LV) contraction. Instead, it delays the activity of the SA node so that the atria can empty before the ventricles contract. The AV node also relays signals from the SA node to the AV bundles. It is located in the interatrial septum. Therefore, the statement "Increases LV contraction" is not true of the AV node.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which is true of the SA node?
- A.
Higher body temp, lower rate
- B.
Higher body temp, higher rate
- C.
Composed of P cells
- D.
Composed of L cells
- E.
Both B and C
Correct Answer
E. Both B and CExplanation
The SA node, also known as the sinoatrial node, is responsible for initiating the electrical signals that regulate the heart's rhythm. It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart. The SA node is influenced by various factors, including body temperature. When the body temperature is higher, the SA node tends to increase its firing rate, resulting in a higher heart rate. Additionally, the SA node is composed of specialized cells called P cells. Therefore, both statements B and C are true, as higher body temperature leads to a higher heart rate and the SA node is composed of P cells.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Bundle of His:
- A.
Divides at the interatrial septum
- B.
Is important in hypothalmic stimulation
- C.
Conducts signal from ventricles to atria
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
The Bundle of His is a specialized bundle of cardiac muscle fibers located in the interventricular septum of the heart. It is responsible for conducting electrical signals from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles, allowing for coordinated contraction of the ventricles. The given options do not accurately describe the function or location of the Bundle of His, so the correct answer is "none of the above".Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which is NOT part of a normal 12 LEAD ECG?
- A.
AVR
- B.
AV1
- C.
V2
- D.
V6
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. AV1Explanation
aV1 is not part of a normal 12-lead ECG. The standard 12-lead ECG includes leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6. Each lead provides a different view of the heart's electrical activity. However, aV1 is not one of the standard leads used in a 12-lead ECG.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Purkinje Fibers/System:
- A.
Located on inner ventricular wall
- B.
Located on inner atrial wall
- C.
Located on outer atrial wall
- D.
All of the above
- E.
Both A and C
Correct Answer
A. Located on inner ventricular wallExplanation
The Purkinje fibers/system are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the ventricles of the heart. These fibers are located on the inner ventricular wall, allowing for efficient and coordinated contraction of the ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which is TRUE about pacemaker potentials?
- A.
H channels and Ca++ L channels produce the prepotential
- B.
Ca++ L channels produce the impulse
- C.
C++ released from the mitochondria may be involved with the impulse
- D.
B channels and Ca++ T channels produce the prepotential
- E.
Ca++ L channels produce the prepotential
Correct Answer
B. Ca++ L channels produce the impulseExplanation
Pacemaker potentials are the spontaneous depolarizations that occur in certain cells, such as cardiac pacemaker cells, that generate rhythmic electrical activity. These depolarizations are produced by the opening of Ca++ L channels, which allow the influx of calcium ions into the cell. This influx of calcium ions triggers the impulse, leading to the generation of an action potential and subsequent contraction of the cardiac muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is that Ca++ L channels produce the impulse.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which is true?
- A.
Sympathetic decreases frequency but keeps potential the same
- B.
Sympathetic increases frequency but changes potential
- C.
Vagal increases frequency and potential
- D.
None of the above
- E.
B and C
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The given answer states that none of the options provided are true. This implies that the statements mentioned in options A, B, and C are all incorrect. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system does not decrease frequency while keeping potential the same, nor does it increase frequency while changing potential. Additionally, the vagal nervous system does not increase both frequency and potential.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ach released at SA node:
- A.
Binds with M1 receptors and leads to hyperpolarization
- B.
Binds with M1 receptors and leads to hypopolarization
- C.
Binds with M2 receptors and leads to hyperpolarization
- D.
Binds with M2 receptors but does not change polarization
- E.
Binds with M1 receptors but does not change polarization
Correct Answer
C. Binds with M2 receptors and leads to hyperpolarizationExplanation
When Ach is released at the SA node, it binds with M2 receptors and leads to hyperpolarization. This means that the cell membrane becomes more negative, which decreases the likelihood of the SA node firing an action potential and slows down the heart rate. M2 receptors are inhibitory in nature and their activation by Ach leads to the opening of potassium channels, causing an efflux of potassium ions and hyperpolarizing the cell. This ultimately results in a decrease in heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 11.
M2 receptor activation:
- A.
Increases intracellular cAMP and slows Ca++ channel opening
- B.
Decreases intracellular cAMP and increases Ca++ channel opening
- C.
Increases intracellular cAMP and increases K+ channel opening
- D.
Decreases intracellular cAMP and decreases K+ channel opening
- E.
Decreases intracellular cAMP and decreases Ca++ channel opening
Correct Answer
E. Decreases intracellular cAMP and decreases Ca++ channel openingExplanation
M2 receptor activation decreases intracellular cAMP and decreases Ca++ channel opening. This means that when the M2 receptor is activated, it leads to a decrease in the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) inside the cell. Additionally, it also results in a decrease in the opening of calcium (Ca++) channels. This suggests that M2 receptor activation has an inhibitory effect on these cellular processes, reducing the levels of cAMP and the opening of Ca++ channels.Rate this question:
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- 12.
NE from sympathetic nerve endings:
- A.
Decrease cAMP and increase ca++ L channel opening
- B.
Increase cAMP and decrease Ca++ L channel opening
- C.
Decrease cAMP and decrease Ca++ L channel opening
- D.
Increase cAMP and increase Ca++ L channel opening
- E.
Binds to B2 cholinergic receptors
Correct Answer
D. Increase cAMP and increase Ca++ L channel openingExplanation
Increase in cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and Ca++ (calcium) L channel opening suggests that NE (norepinephrine) from sympathetic nerve endings activates the B2 adrenergic receptors. Activation of B2 adrenergic receptors leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates and activates Ca++ L channels, leading to an increase in calcium influx into the cell. This ultimately results in increased contractility and heart rate, as well as smooth muscle relaxation.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which is FALSE about an ECG
- A.
Is the algebraic product of the action potentials
- B.
Is based on Einstein's triangle
- C.
Bipolar leads are a newer technology than unipolar leads
- D.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
- E.
NONE OF THE ABOVE
Correct Answer
D. ALL OF THE ABOVEExplanation
The given answer, "ALL OF THE ABOVE," is correct because all of the statements mentioned in the options are false about an ECG. An ECG does not represent the algebraic product of the action potentials, it is not based on Einstein's triangle, and bipolar leads are not a newer technology than unipolar leads. Therefore, all of the statements are false.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which is true?
- A.
Bradycardia is a slowing due to vagal stim
- B.
Tachycardia is a speeding due to vagal stim
- C.
Normal SA node firing is 35/minute
- D.
Tachycardia is a slowing due to sympathetic stim
- E.
HR slows during inspiration
Correct Answer
A. Bradycardia is a slowing due to vagal stimExplanation
Bradycardia refers to a slower than normal heart rate. Vagal stimulation refers to the activation of the vagus nerve, which is responsible for slowing down the heart rate. Therefore, it is correct to say that bradycardia is a slowing due to vagal stimulation.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which is FALSE about heart block:
- A.
1st deg - not all impulses reach ventricle
- B.
1st deg - PR interval shortened
- C.
2nd deg - not all impulses reach ventricles
- D.
3rd deg - ventricles beat faster than atria
- E.
A, B and D
Correct Answer
E. A, B and DExplanation
The statement "A, B and D" is false because the correct options are 1st deg - not all impulses reach ventricle, 1st deg - PR interval shortened, and 3rd deg - ventricles beat faster than atria. This means that in 1st degree heart block, all impulses do reach the ventricle, the PR interval is prolonged rather than shortened, and in 3rd degree heart block, the ventricles beat slower than the atria, not faster.Rate this question:
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