Parenteral Injection Review

Explanation
Subcutaneous injections are generally given at a 45-degree angle to the skin. This angle allows the needle to be inserted into the fatty layer just below the skin, where the medication can be absorbed slowly into the bloodstream. Injecting at a 45-degree angle helps ensure proper absorption and reduces the risk of injecting the medication too deeply or into a muscle.

Explanation
The proper needle length for a subcutaneous injection in a child or adult is 5/8–3/4 inch. This length is appropriate because it allows for the medication to be injected into the subcutaneous layer of the skin, which is just below the dermis. It is important to use the correct needle length to ensure that the medication is delivered to the appropriate depth and that it is absorbed properly. Using a needle that is too short may result in the medication not reaching the subcutaneous layer, while using a needle that is too long may cause unnecessary discomfort or damage. Therefore, a needle length of 5/8–3/4 inch is considered appropriate for SC injections in both children and adults.

Explanation
IM injections should be inserted at a 90-degree angle to the skin because this allows for the needle to penetrate the muscle directly, ensuring proper medication absorption and effectiveness. Inserting the needle at a different angle may result in suboptimal absorption or potential injury to surrounding tissues.

Explanation
Recap or clip needles prior to disposal is a false statement. Needles should never be recapped or clipped before disposal as it can increase the risk of needlestick injuries. Instead, needles should be disposed of in puncture-proof containers immediately after use to ensure the safety of healthcare workers and others who may come into contact with them.

Explanation
Prior to giving an injection to a patient, it is important to correctly identify the patient to ensure that the medication is administered to the right person. Informing the patient about the medication, its purpose, and possible side effects is crucial for obtaining informed consent and ensuring patient safety. Assisting the patient into a safe and correct position and removing clothes if necessary allows for proper visualization and access to the injection site. Therefore, all of the above steps are necessary before giving an injection to a patient.

Explanation
Insulin is typically injected subcutaneously, which means it is injected into the layer of fat just below the skin. This route of administration allows for the slow and consistent absorption of insulin into the bloodstream, ensuring its effectiveness in regulating blood sugar levels. Intradermal injections are shallow injections into the top layer of skin and are typically used for allergy testing. Intramuscular injections are administered directly into the muscle and are not commonly used for insulin administration.

Explanation
The recommended site for an intramuscular injection in children under the age of two is the lateral area of the anterior thigh (Vastus lateralis). This site is preferred because it has a thick muscle layer and is less likely to cause damage to nerves or blood vessels. Additionally, it is easily accessible and provides good absorption of the medication. The upper quadrant of the gluteal area (gluteus medius) is not recommended for children under two due to the risk of damaging the sciatic nerve. The upper arm may not be suitable for young children as it can be difficult to locate the correct muscle. The ventrogluteal area may be used for older children but is not recommended for infants and toddlers.

Explanation
The appropriate size needle for administration of a subcutaneous injection to an average adult is 25g 5/8 inch. This size is commonly used for subcutaneous injections as it is thin enough to minimize discomfort for the patient while still allowing for effective medication delivery. The length of 5/8 inch is also suitable for subcutaneous injections, as it ensures that the medication is delivered into the fatty tissue layer just below the skin.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Intradermal." The Tuberculin Skin Test involves injecting tuberculin into the forearm using an intradermal injection technique. This means that the injection is administered just below the surface of the skin, into the dermis. The test is read 48-72 hours later to determine the presence of a TB infection.

Explanation
The correct answer is False because it is important to ensure that there are no air bubbles and particulate matters present when administering IV injections or infusions. Air bubbles can cause embolisms and particulate matters can lead to blockages in the blood vessels, both of which can be harmful to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to remove any air bubbles and filter out any particulate matters before administering IV injections or infusions.