11 Accounting - February 22, 2016

Capital is an account that represents the owner's investment in the business and is considered a permanent account. It is not closed at the end of an accounting period because it carries over from one period to the next. Drawings, sales, and salaries expense are all temporary accounts that are closed at the end of the accounting period to reset the balances for the next period.

Rent Expense gets closed because it is an expense account that represents the cost of renting a property for a specific period. At the end of the accounting period, the Rent Expense account is closed by transferring its balance to the Income Summary account, which is then closed to the Retained Earnings account. This process is part of the closing entries made to prepare the accounts for the next accounting period.

The correct order for the accounting cycle is as follows: journal, ledger, trial balance, adjustments, financial statements, closing entries. This order represents the typical flow of activities in the accounting process. The journal is used to record all transactions, which are then posted to the ledger. The trial balance is prepared to ensure that debits and credits are equal. Adjustments are made to account for any necessary changes, and then the financial statements are prepared based on the adjusted balances. Finally, closing entries are made to reset the temporary accounts and prepare the books for the next accounting period.

When you subtract balance sheet debits from balance sheet credits, the result should be equal to net income. This is because the balance sheet equation states that assets = liabilities + equity. Net income is a component of equity and represents the profit or loss generated by a company during a specific period. By subtracting debits (which increase assets or decrease liabilities) from credits (which decrease assets or increase liabilities), we can determine the net change in equity, which is equal to net income.

The Income Summary account does not appear on any of the financial statements. It is a temporary account used during the closing process to transfer the net income or net loss to the retained earnings account. The income statement shows the revenues and expenses, the statement of owner's equity shows the changes in the owner's capital, and the balance sheet shows the assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. The Income Summary account is not directly reported on any of these statements.

The correct order for the accounting cycle is as follows: First, transactions are recorded in the journal. Then, these transactions are posted to the ledger. Next, an adjusted worksheet is prepared to reflect any necessary adjustments. After that, financial statements are prepared based on the information from the adjusted worksheet. Finally, closing entries are made to close out temporary accounts and transfer their balances to the appropriate permanent accounts.

The question is asking how many closing journal entries need to be made. Closing journal entries are made at the end of an accounting period to transfer the balances of temporary accounts (such as revenue and expense accounts) to the retained earnings account. Since there are typically four types of temporary accounts (revenue, expense, income summary, and dividends), four closing journal entries need to be made.

During the closing entries, the net loss is transferred to the Income Summary Account. Since the net loss represents a decrease in the company's equity, the Income Summary Account is credited to reflect this decrease. By crediting the Income Summary Account, the loss is closed out and transferred to the retained earnings account, ultimately reducing the overall equity of the company.

A net income appears in the income statement debit and balance sheet credit columns. In the income statement, net income is calculated by subtracting all expenses from the total revenue. It is recorded as a debit because it represents an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities. On the other hand, in the balance sheet, net income is transferred to the retained earnings account, which is a part of shareholders' equity. It is recorded as a credit because it represents an increase in the company's overall net worth.

The suitable account number for the Income Summary account is 303. This account number is likely chosen based on a specific numbering system or chart of accounts used by the organization. The number 303 may have been assigned to the Income Summary account for ease of identification and organization within the accounting system.

The drawings account represents the amount of money that the owner has withdrawn from the business for personal use. This account is typically shown on the balance sheet, as it represents a decrease in the owner's equity in the business. Debit is the side of the balance sheet where assets and expenses are recorded, making balance sheet debit the correct column for showing the drawings account.