Pre Net 2015 Medical By Taleem Tutor

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  • 1/200 Questions

    Y chromosome in humans:

    • Is completely inert
    • Carries few genes
    • Carries many genes
    • Contains genes for haemophilia and colour blindness
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Pre Net 2015 Medical By Taleem Tutor - Quiz
About This Quiz

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1. Each Question Carries 1 Marks.
2. There are Total 200 Questions.
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  • 2. 

    Wood is not formed in:

    • Monocots

    • Dicots

    • Gymnosperms

    • All of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Monocots
    Explanation
    Wood is not formed in monocots. Monocots are a type of flowering plant that have a single cotyledon (seed leaf) in their embryos. Unlike dicots and gymnosperms, monocots do not produce true wood. Wood is primarily composed of xylem tissue, which is responsible for providing support and conducting water and nutrients throughout the plant. In dicots and gymnosperms, the xylem tissue undergoes secondary growth, resulting in the formation of wood. However, monocots lack this secondary growth, and therefore do not produce wood.

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  • 3. 

    Which type of chlorophyll is found in all types of algae?

    • Chlorophyll a

    • Chlorophyll b

    • Chlorophyll c

    • Chlorophyll d

    Correct Answer
    A. Chlorophyll a
    Explanation
    Chlorophyll a is the correct answer because it is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in algae. It is found in all types of algae and is essential for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy. Chlorophyll b, c, and d are also found in certain types of algae, but they are secondary pigments that assist chlorophyll a in capturing light energy. Therefore, chlorophyll a is the most common and important type of chlorophyll in algae.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following is not related with apoptosis?

    • ​loss of tail of developing human embryos

    •  loss of tissue between developing digits

    • Controlling the number of neurons

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. None of Given
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "None of Given". This means that all of the options provided in the question are related to apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that occurs in various biological contexts, including embryonic development and tissue remodeling. The loss of tail in developing human embryos and the loss of tissue between developing digits are examples of apoptosis in embryonic development. Controlling the number of neurons also involves apoptosis as it helps in shaping the nervous system by eliminating excess neurons. Therefore, all the options provided in the question are related to apoptosis.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following is not parasitic fungus of plants?

    • Rust

    • Mildews

    • Armillaria

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. None of Given
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "None of Given." This means that all of the options listed (rust, mildews, and armillaria) are parasitic fungi of plants.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is not component of extra-cellular matrix in bacteria:

    • Cell wall

    • Slime

    • Capsule

    • Cell membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell membrane
    Explanation
    The cell membrane is not a component of the extracellular matrix in bacteria. The extracellular matrix is a complex network of molecules that surrounds bacterial cells and provides structural support. It is primarily composed of the cell wall, slime, and capsule. The cell membrane, on the other hand, is a thin lipid bilayer that separates the cell's internal contents from the external environment and is not considered part of the extracellular matrix.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is not an infection of the lungs/ respiratory tract?

    • Histoplasmosis

    • Tuberculosis

    • Cystic fibrosis

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. None of Given
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "None of Given" because all of the options listed are infections of the lungs/respiratory tract. Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that affects the lungs, tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, and cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system. Therefore, none of the given options are not infections of the lungs/respiratory tract.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is correct in humans?

    • Both sperm and egg contain Yolk

    • All genetic information comes from sperm

    • Sperm contains little cytoplasm

    • Fertilization commonly occurs in uterus

    Correct Answer
    A. Both sperm and egg contain Yolk
  • 9. 

    Which of the following has wings with claws?

    • Eagle

    • Kestrel

    • Archaeopteryx

    • Mallard

    Correct Answer
    A. Archaeopteryx
    Explanation
    The archaeopteryx is the correct answer because it is a prehistoric bird that lived during the late Jurassic period. It is known for having wings with claws, which is a characteristic shared with its dinosaur ancestors. This adaptation allowed the archaeopteryx to climb trees and grasp onto branches, similar to how modern birds use their feet and claws. The other options, such as the eagle, kestrel, and mallard, do not have wings with claws.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following fungus provides chemotherapeutic agent that is used to inhibitfungal growth?

    • Penicillium notatum

    • Aspergillus

    • Penicillium griseofulvum

    • Claviceps purpurea

    Correct Answer
    A. Penicillium griseofulvum
    Explanation
    Penicillium griseofulvum provides a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to inhibit fungal growth.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following feature is not related to vexillium in pea family:

    • Large

    • Single

    • Outermost

    • Anterior

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior
    Explanation
    The feature "anterior" is not related to vexillium in the pea family. Vexillium refers to the standard petal of a pea flower, which is the large, single, outermost petal. "Anterior" refers to the front or forward-facing side of an organism or structure, and it is not specifically associated with the vexillium or the pea family.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following does not belong to same linkage group?

    • Sickle cell anemia

    • Albinism

    • Leukemia

    • Gout

    Correct Answer
    A. Gout
    Explanation
    Sickle cell anemia, albinism, and leukemia are all genetic disorders caused by mutations in specific genes. These genes are located on the same chromosome and are therefore part of the same linkage group. However, gout is not a genetic disorder but rather a metabolic condition caused by the buildup of uric acid in the body. It is not linked to the same chromosome or genes as the other disorders mentioned.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following correctly explains the structure of myoglobin:

    • 4 polypeptide chains + 4 haeme portions

    • 4 polypeptide chains + 1 haeme portions

    • 1 polypeptide chains + 4 haeme portions

    • 1 polypeptide chains + 1 haeme portions

    Correct Answer
    A. 1 polypeptide chains + 1 haeme portions
    Explanation
    Myoglobin is a single polypeptide chain that is composed of a heme portion. The heme portion contains an iron atom that allows myoglobin to bind and transport oxygen. Therefore, the correct structure of myoglobin is 1 polypeptide chain + 1 heme portion.

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  • 14. 

    Which leg of cockroach acts as 'prop' during walking?

    • Anterior leg

    • Posterior leg

    • Middle leg

    • All Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Middle leg
    Explanation
    The middle leg of a cockroach acts as a "prop" during walking. This leg helps to support the body and maintain balance while the cockroach moves. It plays a crucial role in the coordination and stability of the cockroach's movement.

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  • 15. 

    Which component enters into mitochondria after glycolysis?

    • Pyruvate

    • Acetate

    • Oxaloacetate

    • Acetyl-CoA

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetyl-CoA
    Explanation
    After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the mitochondria. Acetyl-CoA is then used in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, acetyl-CoA is the correct answer as it is the component that enters the mitochondria after glycolysis.

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  • 16. 

    What will be the approximate length of a DNA strand having 500 nucleotides?

    • 100 nm

    • 130 nm

    • 170 nm

    • 150 nm

    Correct Answer
    A. 170 nm
    Explanation
    The approximate length of a DNA strand can be calculated by using the fact that one nucleotide is approximately 0.34 nm long. Therefore, to find the length of a DNA strand with 500 nucleotides, we multiply 500 by 0.34 nm, which equals 170 nm.

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  • 17. 

    Viral disease that is widely spread and caused by enveloped RNA virus is:

    • AIDS

    • Hepatitis

    • Measles

    • Influenza

    Correct Answer
    A. Influenza
    Explanation
    Influenza is a viral disease caused by an enveloped RNA virus. It is widely spread and can affect people of all ages. The virus is highly contagious and can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. Influenza can lead to severe complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and reduce its spread.

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  • 18. 

    Vaccination can be done against: 

    • Bacterial diseases only

    • Viral diseases only

    • Both Viral and Bacterial

    • All type of disease causing organisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Viral and Bacterial
    Explanation
    Vaccination can be done against both viral and bacterial diseases. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. By introducing a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen or its components into the body, vaccines help the immune system develop a memory of the pathogen, so it can respond quickly and effectively if exposed to the actual disease-causing organism in the future. Therefore, vaccination is an effective preventive measure against both viral and bacterial infections.

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  • 19. 

    Useful bacteria at large intestine of humans produce:

    • Vitamin K

    • Vitamin E

    • Vitamin D

    • Vitamin C

    Correct Answer
    A. Vitamin K
    Explanation
    Bacteria in the large intestine of humans produce vitamin K. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in blood clotting, bone health, and preventing excessive bleeding. While humans cannot produce vitamin K on their own, certain bacteria in the gut can synthesize it. These bacteria convert dietary sources of vitamin K, such as leafy greens, into a form that can be easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Therefore, the presence of these beneficial bacteria in the large intestine helps ensure an adequate supply of vitamin K for various physiological functions.

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  • 20. 

    Undigested food in cockroach is stored in:

    • Crop

    • Rectum

    • Gizzard

    • Crop & rectum

    Correct Answer
    A. Rectum
    Explanation
    The rectum is the correct answer because it is the part of the digestive system in a cockroach where undigested food is stored before being eliminated. The crop is responsible for storing food temporarily before it moves to the midgut for digestion. The gizzard is responsible for grinding and breaking down food. Therefore, the rectum is the specific organ where undigested food is stored in a cockroach.

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  • 21. 

    Type of sclerenchyma cells found in seed coats are:

    • Fibers

    • Tracheids

    • Sclerids

    • Vessels

    Correct Answer
    A. Sclerids
    Explanation
    Sclerids are a type of sclerenchyma cells found in seed coats. Sclerenchyma cells are specialized for providing mechanical support to the plant. Sclerids are characterized by their thick, lignified cell walls, which make them tough and rigid. In seed coats, sclerids help to protect the developing embryo and provide structural strength to the seed. They are often irregularly shaped and can vary in size and appearance depending on the plant species.

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  • 22. 

    Type of lichen which is leaf-like in appearance is:

    • Lecanor

    • Ramalina

    • Parmelia

    • Bacidia

    Correct Answer
    A. Parmelia
    Explanation
    Parmelia is the correct answer because it is a type of lichen that has a leaf-like appearance. Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually an alga. Parmelia lichens have a thallus that resembles a leaf, with a flat and lobed structure. They are commonly found on rocks, trees, and soil, and can vary in color from green to gray or brown.

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  • 23. 

    Trichome of Nostoc is surrounded by:

    • Pellicle

    • Capsule

    • Mucilaginous sheath

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Mucilaginous sheath
    Explanation
    The trichome of Nostoc is surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Trichomes are long, filamentous structures that are found in certain types of bacteria, including Nostoc. The mucilaginous sheath provides protection and support to the trichome, helping it to maintain its structure and function. It also helps in the attachment of the trichome to surfaces and in the formation of colonies. The pellicle is a thin, skin-like layer that forms on the surface of liquids and is not relevant to the structure of the trichome of Nostoc. Similarly, the capsule is a protective structure found in some bacteria, but it is not associated with the trichome of Nostoc. Therefore, the correct answer is mucilaginous sheath.

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  • 24. 

    The ultimate source of all changes is:

    • Mutation

    • Migration

    • Genetic drift

    • Change in allelic frequency

    Correct Answer
    A. Mutation
    Explanation
    Mutation is the ultimate source of all changes because it is the process by which new genetic variations are introduced into a population. Mutations can occur spontaneously or as a result of environmental factors, and they can lead to changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes can then be passed on to future generations, resulting in genetic diversity and the potential for evolution to occur. Therefore, mutation is the primary driver of genetic change and is responsible for the creation of new alleles and the variation seen within and between populations.

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  • 25. 

    The lymph vessels empty in:

    • Arteries

    • Viens

    • Cappileries

    • None of given

    Correct Answer
    A. Viens
    Explanation
    The lymph vessels empty into veins. Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates throughout the body, collecting waste products, toxins, and pathogens from tissues. The lymph vessels transport this fluid back to the bloodstream. Once the lymph reaches the large lymphatic vessels, it is emptied into the veins near the heart. From there, it mixes with the blood and is eventually filtered and eliminated by the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is veins.

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  • 26. 

    The helical structure of a protein is kept by formation of hydrogen bond between amino acid molecules which are :

    • Adjacent to each other

    • In successive turns of spiral

    • Between two different polypeptide chains

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. In successive turns of spiral
    Explanation
    The helical structure of a protein is maintained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between amino acid molecules that are in successive turns of the spiral. This means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between amino acids that are located in the same helix, but in different positions along the spiral. These hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the helical structure and contribute to the overall stability and function of the protein.

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  • 27. 

    Tail can be regenerated in:

    • Larvae of amphibian

    • Lizard

    • Both lizard and larvae of amphibian

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Both lizard and larvae of amphibian
    Explanation
    Both lizards and larvae of amphibians have the ability to regenerate their tails. When a lizard or amphibian loses its tail, it can grow back a new one through a process called autotomy. This is a form of self-amputation that allows them to escape from predators. The regenerated tail may not be an exact replica of the original, but it can still function properly. This regenerative ability is not present in all animals, which is why the correct answer is both lizard and larvae of amphibian.

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  • 28. 

    Symptoms of malaria occur specifically due to formation of:

    • Sporozoit

    • Merozoit

    • Gametocyte

    • Oocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Gametocyte
    Explanation
    Symptoms of malaria occur specifically due to the formation of gametocytes. Gametocytes are the sexual stage of the malaria parasite that infects humans. When a mosquito bites an infected person, it ingests the gametocytes along with the blood. Inside the mosquito, the gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction, leading to the formation of sporozoites, which can then infect another person when the mosquito bites again. The symptoms of malaria, such as fever, chills, and fatigue, are a result of the damage caused by the parasite in the human host.

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  • 29. 

    Such inflorescence in which main axis is elongated and bears sessile flowers is called

    • Raceme

    • Spike

    • Cyme

    • Panicle

    Correct Answer
    A. Raceme
    Explanation
    A raceme is a type of inflorescence where the main axis is elongated and bears flowers that are directly attached to the axis without any stalks or pedicels. The flowers in a raceme are arranged in an alternate pattern along the axis, with the oldest flowers at the base and the youngest at the top. This arrangement allows for easy pollination and ensures that the flowers receive maximum exposure to sunlight.

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  • 30. 

    Semilunar valves are not present:

    • At base of pulmonary trunk

    • At base of aorta

    • In veins

    • Coronary artery

    Correct Answer
    A. In veins
    Explanation
    Semilunar valves are not present in veins. The semilunar valves, also known as the pulmonary valve and aortic valve, are located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and aorta respectively. These valves prevent the backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles. However, veins do not have semilunar valves. Instead, veins have one-way valves called venous valves that help to prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that it flows towards the heart. The absence of semilunar valves in veins allows for the smooth flow of blood back to the heart.

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  • 31. 

    Second major form of hepatitis is:

    • Hepatitis A

    • Hepatitis B

    • Hepatitis C

    • Hepatitis D

    Correct Answer
    A. Hepatitis B
    Explanation
    Hepatitis B is the second major form of hepatitis. It is a viral infection that affects the liver and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. It can be acute or chronic, and symptoms may include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Hepatitis B can lead to serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccination is available to prevent hepatitis B infection.

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  • 32. 

    Scales are absent in:

    • Fishes

    • Amphibians

    • Birds

    • Reptiles

    Correct Answer
    A. Amphibians
    Explanation
    Amphibians do not have scales. Unlike fishes, reptiles, and birds, amphibians have moist skin that is permeable to water and gases. This allows them to breathe through their skin, but they do not have scales for protection and to prevent water loss.

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  • 33. 

    Reduction division is:

    • Amitosis

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis I

    • Meiosis II

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis I
    Explanation
    Meiosis I is the correct answer because it is the process of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. During meiosis I, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half, resulting in the formation of haploid cells. This division involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in the separation of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis I is essential for genetic diversity and the production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

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  • 34. 

    Reactive parts of an amino acid are:

    • Alpha carbon & amino group

    • Amino group & carboxyl group

    • Carboxyl group & R group

    • R group & alphacarbon

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino group & carboxyl group
    Explanation
    The reactive parts of an amino acid are the amino group and the carboxyl group. The amino group contains a nitrogen atom that can donate a proton, making it a basic group. The carboxyl group contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to another oxygen atom, which can accept a proton, making it an acidic group. These two reactive groups allow amino acids to undergo various chemical reactions, such as condensation reactions to form peptide bonds during protein synthesis.

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  • 35. 

    Ptyalin can convert starch into:

    • Monosaccharide form

    • Oligosaccharide form

    • Polysaccharide form

    • All Given Options

    Correct Answer
    A. Oligosaccharide form
    Explanation
    Ptyalin is an enzyme found in saliva that helps break down starch into smaller molecules. Specifically, it converts starch into oligosaccharides, which are shorter chains of sugar molecules. This process is the first step in the digestion of starch, as further breakdown of oligosaccharides into monosaccharides can occur in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is oligosaccharide form.

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  • 36. 

    Process of aging:

    • Can be slowed down by adequate sleep

    • Can be slowed down by regular meal

    • Cannot be slowed down in any way

    • Both by Adequate Sleep and Regular meal

    Correct Answer
    A. Both by Adequate Sleep and Regular meal
    Explanation
    Adequate sleep and regular meals can slow down the process of aging. Sleep helps the body repair and regenerate cells, while regular meals provide essential nutrients for overall health and well-being. By ensuring proper rest and nutrition, individuals can support their body's natural processes and potentially delay the signs of aging.

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  • 37. 

    Plant protects itself from rapid chilling through:

    • Increasing unsaturated fatty acids

    • Increasing protein contents

    • Both Increasing protein contents and unsaturated fatty acids

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Increasing unsaturated fatty acids
    Explanation
    Plants protect themselves from rapid chilling by increasing the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in their cells. Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids, allowing the cell membranes to remain fluid at lower temperatures. This helps prevent damage to the cell membranes and maintains their functionality during cold weather. Increasing protein contents alone may not provide sufficient protection against chilling, and therefore, the combination of increasing unsaturated fatty acids and protein contents is not necessary.

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  • 38. 

    Plant on which teliospores attack produces__________ in its seeds.

    • Teliospores

    • Dikaryotic hyphae

    • Monok4ryotic hyphae

    • None Of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Teliospores
    Explanation
    When teliospores attack a plant, they can cause changes in the plant's seeds. Teliospores are a type of fungal spore that is produced during the telial stage of a fungus's life cycle. These spores are responsible for the spread and reproduction of the fungus. When teliospores attack a plant, they can infect the seeds of the plant and cause various changes, such as discoloration, deformities, or reduced viability. Therefore, the correct answer is teliospores.

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  • 39. 

    Pick the mismatched pair for birds:

    • Air spaces - lighter body

    • Pectoral muscles - strong pull of wings

    • Urinary bladder, producing semisolid urine

    • Keel - attachment of muscles

    Correct Answer
    A. Urinary bladder, producing semisolid urine
    Explanation
    The mismatched pair for birds is "urinary bladder, producing semisolid urine." Birds do not have a urinary bladder like mammals do. Instead, they have specialized kidneys that extract waste from their bloodstream, producing a concentrated uric acid that is excreted as a semisolid substance called uric acid paste. This adaptation helps birds conserve water and reduce weight for efficient flight.

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  • 40. 

    Pick the correct option about Drosophila?

    • Male is larger with pointed abdomen

    • Female has sex combs on front legs

    • It has generation time ofjust eight weeks

    • Salivary gland cells have giant chLromosomes in their nuclei

    Correct Answer
    A. Male is larger with pointed abdomen
    Explanation
    Male Drosophila are indeed larger than females and have a pointed abdomen. This sexual dimorphism is a characteristic of Drosophila.

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  • 41. 

    Percentage of magnesium by mass of a human being is:

    • 0.05%

    • 0.25%

    • 0.15%

    • 0.35%

    Correct Answer
    A. 0.05%
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 0.05%. This means that the percentage of magnesium by mass in a human being is 0.05%.

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  • 42. 

    Pectoral fins are enlarged in:

    • Whale

    • Shark

    • Skates

    • Plaice

    Correct Answer
    A. Skates
    Explanation
    Skates have enlarged pectoral fins. Pectoral fins are the paired fins located on the sides of a fish's body, near the gills. They are used for stability, maneuverability, and sometimes for propulsion. Skates are a type of cartilaginous fish that belong to the same group as sharks and rays. Their pectoral fins are greatly enlarged and extend outwards, resembling wings. This adaptation allows skates to "fly" through the water, gliding gracefully along the ocean floor.

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  • 43. 

    Oxygen is transported by combining with____________ in Hb.

    • Nitrogen

    • Iron

    • Carbon

    • Hydrogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Iron
    Explanation
    Oxygen is transported by combining with iron in Hb. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues. Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin and is responsible for binding to oxygen molecules. When oxygen binds to the iron in hemoglobin, it forms a stable complex that can be transported throughout the body. This process allows oxygen to be efficiently transported from the lungs to all the cells in the body.

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  • 44. 

    Only one ovary is functional at a time in:

    • Human

    • Eagle

    • Pigeon

    • Pigeon and human

    Correct Answer
    A. Pigeon
    Explanation
    In pigeons, only one ovary is functional at a time. This is because pigeons have a unique reproductive system where the left ovary regresses and becomes non-functional while the right ovary takes over and produces eggs. This adaptation allows pigeons to have a more streamlined and efficient reproductive process. In contrast, both ovaries are functional simultaneously in humans, eagles, and other animals.

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  • 45. 

    Nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules fix nitrogen in soil air into:

    • Ammonia

    • Nitrite

    • Nitrate

    • Amino acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acid
    Explanation
    Nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules convert nitrogen in the soil air into amino acids. These bacteria have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use for their growth and development. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they play a crucial role in plant metabolism and development. Therefore, the conversion of nitrogen into amino acids by nitrogen fixing bacteria is essential for the overall nitrogen cycle and the availability of nitrogen for plants.

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  • 46. 

    Metabolically dormant body produced within the bacterial cell membrane is:

    • Capsule

    • Spore

    • Cyst

    • Cyst and spore

    Correct Answer
    A. Spore
    Explanation
    A spore is a metabolically dormant body produced within the bacterial cell membrane. Spores are formed by certain bacteria as a survival mechanism in response to adverse environmental conditions. They are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation, allowing them to withstand extreme conditions that would otherwise be lethal to the bacteria. Spores can remain dormant for extended periods of time until conditions become favorable for growth and replication. Once conditions improve, spores can germinate and give rise to active bacterial cells.

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  • 47. 

    Menstrual cycle can be divided into: 

    • Single phase

    • Two phases

    • Three phases

    • Four phases

    Correct Answer
    A. Four phases
    Explanation
    The menstrual cycle can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase. The menstrual phase is when the uterine lining sheds, resulting in menstruation. The follicular phase is characterized by the maturation of the ovarian follicles. The ovulatory phase is when a mature egg is released from the ovary. The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and is marked by the development of the corpus luteum. These four phases make up the menstrual cycle.

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  • 48. 

    Maximum mammalian characters are present in these

    • Metatheria

    • Prototheria

    • Eutheria

    • None of Given

    Correct Answer
    A. Eutheria
    Explanation
    Eutheria refers to placental mammals, which are a group of mammals that give birth to live young ones and nourish them through a placenta. This group includes the majority of mammalian species, and they possess a wide range of characteristics that are common to most mammals, such as having hair or fur, producing milk for their young, and having a specialized jaw structure. Therefore, eutheria is the correct answer as it encompasses the maximum number of mammalian characters.

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  • 49. 

    Leptocardii is group of:

    • Urochordata

    • Cephalochordata

    • Vertebrata

    • Mollusca

    Correct Answer
    A. Cephalochordata
    Explanation
    Leptocardii is a group of animals that belong to the phylum Cephalochordata. These animals, also known as lancelets, are small, fish-like marine organisms that have a notochord and a dorsal nerve cord. They are characterized by their elongated bodies and filter-feeding lifestyle. Leptocardii are considered to be the closest living relatives of vertebrates, making them an important group for understanding the evolution of vertebrate traits.

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