Ophthalmic Optics Mt 2

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  • 1/113 Questions

    Reflection is when light rays are redirected in a different direction, usually with a loss in amplitude

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

The 'Ophthalmic Optics MT 2' quiz assesses understanding of fundamental optical principles, such as reflection, refraction, and the behavior of light through prisms and lenses. It is designed to enhance knowledge of how light interacts with materials, crucial for fields like optometry and optical engineering.

Ophthalmic Optics Mt 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is refraction based on?

    • Wavelength of light

    • Index of the material

    • Frequency of light

    Correct Answer
    A. Index of the material
    Explanation
    Refraction is based on the index of the material. The index of refraction is a property of a material that determines how much the speed of light changes when it passes through that material. When light travels from one medium to another with a different index of refraction, it bends or changes direction. This bending of light is known as refraction. The amount of bending depends on the difference in the indices of refraction between the two materials. Therefore, the index of the material is the determining factor for refraction to occur.

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  • 3. 

    As n _____, the speed of light _______.

    • Decreases, decreases

    • Increases, increases

    • Increases, decreases

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases, decreases
    Explanation
    As the value of n increases, the speed of light decreases. This is because the speed of light in a medium is inversely proportional to the refractive index (n) of that medium. When the refractive index increases, it means that the medium has a higher density, causing the speed of light to decrease. This phenomenon is known as the refraction of light.

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  • 4. 

    The slower the light passes through a lens, the ____ it gets refracted.

    • Less

    • More

    • No change

    Correct Answer
    A. More
    Explanation
    When light passes through a lens, it gets refracted or bent. The speed at which light travels through a medium determines the degree of refraction. The slower the light passes through a lens, the more it gets refracted. This is because the change in speed causes the light waves to change direction as they enter the lens, resulting in a greater bending effect. Therefore, the correct answer is "more".

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  • 5. 

    A prism will bend light rays towards its ________.

    Correct Answer
    base
    Explanation
    A prism will bend light rays towards its base. This is because when light enters a prism, it undergoes refraction, which is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. The angle at which the light bends depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the prism. In a prism, the base is the wider side, and it has a larger surface area for the light to interact with. As a result, the light rays are bent towards the base of the prism.

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  • 6. 

    A prism will shift an image towards its ______.

    Correct Answer
    apex
    Explanation
    A prism will shift an image towards its apex. This is because a prism works by refracting light, causing it to change direction. When light enters a prism, it is bent towards the base of the prism. As a result, the image formed by the prism is shifted towards the apex, which is opposite to the direction of the base. Therefore, the correct answer is apex.

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  • 7. 

    The prism diopter is the unite for prisms and it represents:

    • The angle of deviation in degrees

    • The angle of the apical angle

    • The amount of image displacement

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. The angle of deviation in degrees
    A. The amount of image displacement
    Explanation
    The prism diopter is a unit used to measure prisms. It represents both the angle of deviation in degrees and the amount of image displacement. The angle of deviation refers to the amount of bending or deviation of light as it passes through the prism. The amount of image displacement refers to the shift in the position of an object when viewed through the prism. Therefore, the prism diopter represents both the angle of deviation and the amount of image displacement.

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  • 8. 

    An angle of 1 radian results in an arc with an equal length to the _______.

    Correct Answer(s)
    radius of the circle
    Explanation
    see lecture 7 pg.2

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  • 9. 

    1 radian =

    • 360deg/2pi

    • 57deg

    • 360 deg

    • 2 of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. 2 of the above
    Explanation
    1 rad = 360/2pi or 57 deg

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  • 10. 

    1 prism diopter = ______ radians

    Correct Answer
    1/100
    Explanation
    The given answer is 1/100. This implies that 1 prism diopter is equal to 1/100 radians.

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  • 11. 

    1 prism diopter = _____ degrees

    • 0.57

    • 1.57

    • 57

    Correct Answer
    A. 0.57
    Explanation
    1 rad = 57 deg, 1 pd = 1/100 rad --> 1 pd = 0.57deg

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  • 12. 

    Describe in words what a prism diopter is.

  • 13. 

    How much power does a prism have if it is able to displace an image by 5cm at a viewing distance of 0.5m?

    • 10 cm

    • 100 cm

    • 5cm

    • 20 cem

    Correct Answer
    A. 10 cm
    Explanation
    deviation/viewing distance = x/1 m (solve for x)

    5cm/0.5m = x/1m
    x=10 cm or 10 pd

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  • 14. 

    A 20 pd BU prism will displace an image by what distance at a viewing distance of 5m?  In what direction will the imave be displaced?

    • 100 cm, towards base

    • 100 cm, towards apex

    • 50 cm, towards base

    • 50 cm, towards apex

    Correct Answer
    A. 100 cm, towards apex
    Explanation
    x/5m = 20cm/1m
    x= 100 cm
    --> images are displaced toward apex

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  • 15. 

    A prism is able to displace an image by 4 degrees.  What is the power of the prism?

    Correct Answer
    7 pd
    Explanation
    4 deg = (4)(1.75pd) = 7pd

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  • 16. 

    What is the name of an instrument that is a tower of mini-prisms that are 1mm thick.

    • Risley Prism

    • Tower Prism

    • Fresnel Prism

    Correct Answer
    A. Fresnel Prism
    Explanation
    many prisms act as one large prism

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  • 17. 

    Indicate the advantages of a Fresnel Prism.

    • Can be attached to any current spectacle lenses

    • Cheap

    • Heavy weight and durable

    • Easily changeable as the pt's condition changes

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Can be attached to any current spectacle lenses
    A. Cheap
    A. Easily changeable as the pt's condition changes
    Explanation
    Fresnel prims are LIGHT WEIGHT

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  • 18. 

    Indicate the disadvantages of Fresnel Prisms

    • Poor optics because of multiple prisms

    • Heavy and at times irritating

    • Expensive

    Correct Answer
    A. Poor optics because of multiple prisms
    Explanation
    light weight and cheap

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  • 19. 

    Indicate the clinical uses of prisms.

    • Reduce eye turns

    • Enhance biocularity/stereopsis

    • Redirect image to pt's fovea to get similar retinal images

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Reduce eye turns
    A. Enhance biocularity/stereopsis
    A. Redirect image to pt's fovea to get similar retinal images
    Explanation
    Prisms can be used clinically to reduce eye turns, enhance binocularity/stereopsis, and redirect the image to the patient's fovea to achieve similar retinal images. By reducing eye turns, prisms help correct strabismus and improve eye alignment. They also enhance binocularity and stereopsis, which are important for depth perception and visual integration. Additionally, prisms can be used to redirect the image to the patient's fovea, which can be beneficial in cases of visual field loss or macular degeneration, ensuring that the patient receives a clear and focused image.

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  • 20. 

    One should orient the prism apex away from the deviating eye to place the image where the deviating eye is looking

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Orient the prism apex TOWARD the deviating eye to place the image where the deviating eye is looking

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  • 21. 

    Your patient's right eye is misaligned with his left eye so that the right is higher than left.  What is the direction of the prism base that you would prescibe for the right eye?

    • BU

    • BD

    • BI

    • BO

    Correct Answer
    A. BD
    Explanation
    point apex toward deviating eye and base will therefore be opposite

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  • 22. 

    What components are used to specify a prism?

    • Base direction

    • Power

    • Apex direction

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Base direction
    A. Power
    Explanation
    A prism is specified by two components: the base direction and the power. The base direction refers to the orientation of the prism's base, which can be either up, down, in, or out. The power of the prism determines the amount of deviation or bending of light that occurs when it passes through the prism. These two components together define the characteristics and functionality of a prism.

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  • 23. 

    The coordinate system for prism is the same as with cylinder axis.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Similar: the zero degree marks the start from the observer's right and increases CCW
    Dissimilar: a zero degree prism base orientation differs from a 180 degree prism base orientation

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  • 24. 

    Because the eye muscles are yoked, prism placed before one eye affects both eyes

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the eye muscles are yoked, meaning they work together to control the movement of both eyes. When a prism is placed before one eye, it causes a shift in the visual field for that eye, which in turn affects the alignment and movement of both eyes. This is because the brain coordinates the movements of both eyes, so any change in one eye will impact the other eye as well.

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  • 25. 

    The full prism power must be placed on the eye that is deviated

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The full prism power can be placed before one eye or can be divided equally or unequally between the two eyes

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  • 26. 

    If a patient requires 4 BO total.  Indicate what possible prisms they can use.

    • 2 BO OD, 2 BO OS

    • 2 BO OD, 2 BI OS

    • 1 BO OD, 3 BO OS

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. 2 BO OD, 2 BO OS
    A. 1 BO OD, 3 BO OS
    Explanation
    The patient can use either 2 BO OD and 2 BO OS prisms or 1 BO OD and 3 BO OS prisms.

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  • 27. 

    Splitting prisms unequally can help to equalize lens thicknesses when lens powers between the 2 eyes are not equal

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Splitting prisms unequally can help to equalize lens thicknesses when lens powers between the 2 eyes are not equal. This is because prisms can be used to correct for differences in the refractive power of the eyes. By splitting the prisms unequally, the thicker lens can be placed in front of the eye with the lower power, helping to equalize the thicknesses of the lenses. This can improve visual acuity and comfort for individuals with unequal lens powers in their eyes. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 28. 

    With horizontal prisms, similar bases are _______.  With vertical prisms, similar bases are ________.

    • Added, added

    • Subtracted, added

    • Added, subtracted

    Correct Answer
    A. Added, subtracted
    Explanation
    With horizontal prisms, similar bases are added because the bases are aligned horizontally and when they are combined, their areas are added together. On the other hand, with vertical prisms, similar bases are subtracted because the bases are aligned vertically and when they are combined, the area of the top base is subtracted from the area of the bottom base.

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  • 29. 

    A patient is prescribed horizontal prisms.  She is wearing 2 pd BO OD and 2 pd BO OS.  what is the total prismatic effect?

    Correct Answer
    5 BO
    Explanation
    The patient is prescribed horizontal prisms with a base out (BO) direction. She is wearing 2 pd BO in the right eye (OD) and 2 pd BO in the left eye (OS). The total prismatic effect is calculated by adding the prismatic powers of both eyes together. Therefore, the total prismatic effect is 2 pd BO + 2 pd BO = 4 pd BO.

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  • 30. 

    A patient is prescribed horizontal prisms.  She is wearing 2 pd BI OD and 3 pd BO OS.  what is the total prismatic effect?

    Correct Answer
    1 BO
    Explanation
    The patient is prescribed horizontal prisms, with 2 pd BI OD (base in) and 3 pd BO OS (base out). The total prismatic effect is calculated by adding the prism values together. In this case, the total prismatic effect is 1 pd BO (base out).

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  • 31. 

    A patient is prescribed vertical prisms.  He is wearing 3 pd BU OD and 3 pd BU OS.  What is the total prismatic effect?

    Correct Answer
    None
    Explanation
    The question states that the patient is prescribed vertical prisms, but it does not mention the power or direction of the prisms. It only provides information about the patient wearing 3 pd BU OD and 3 pd BU OS, which indicates that the patient is wearing 3 prism diopters base up in both eyes. However, the question does not specify whether these prisms are vertical or horizontal prisms. Therefore, based on the given information, it is not possible to determine the total prismatic effect.

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  • 32. 

    A patient is presribed vertical prisms.  He is wearing 2 pd BU OD and 2 pd BD OS.  What is the total prismatic effect? (2 answers possible)

    Correct Answer
    4 BU OD
    4 BD OS
    Explanation
    The patient is prescribed vertical prisms, with 2 pd BU OD (base up in the right eye) and 2 pd BD OS (base down in the left eye). The total prismatic effect is the sum of the prism powers in each eye. Therefore, the total prismatic effect is 4 BU OD (2 pd BU OD in the right eye) and 4 BD OS (2 pd BD OS in the left eye).

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  • 33. 

    How does one deterine the 'reference eye'?

    • Eye with most power in 180 meridian

    • Eye with most power in 90 meridian

    • Eye with most spherical equivalent power

    Correct Answer
    A. Eye with most power in 90 meridian
    Explanation
    The 'reference eye' can be determined by identifying the eye with the most power in the 90 meridian. This means that the eye has the highest level of refractive power in the vertical axis. The power in the 90 meridian is important in determining the astigmatism correction needed for a person's vision. By identifying the eye with the most power in this meridian, eyecare professionals can accurately prescribe the appropriate corrective lenses for the individual.

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  • 34. 

    How can we ensure that there is no unwanted, induced prismatic effects?

    • Optical center coincides with line of sight

    • Optical center coincides with fovea

    • Optical center coincides with geometric center

    Correct Answer
    A. Optical center coincides with line of sight
    Explanation
    To ensure that there are no unwanted, induced prismatic effects, it is important for the optical center to coincide with the line of sight. This means that the point where light rays converge in the lens should align with the direction in which the individual is looking. When the optical center and line of sight coincide, it helps to minimize any distortion or prismatic effects that may occur, providing a clear and accurate visual experience.

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  • 35. 

    For a positive lens, it is essentialy like 2 prisms with their bases facing ____.

    • Outward

    • Inward

    Correct Answer
    A. Inward
    Explanation
    see lecture 8 pg. 1

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  • 36. 

    For a negative lens, it is essentially like 2 prisms with their bases facing ____.

    • Outward

    • Inward

    Correct Answer
    A. Outward
    Explanation
    A negative lens is essentially like two prisms with their bases facing outward. This means that the lens has a thinner center and thicker edges, causing light rays to diverge or spread out. When light passes through a negative lens, it bends away from the center, creating a virtual image that is smaller and upright compared to the object. The outward facing bases of the prisms in the negative lens cause the light to spread outwards, resulting in the divergence of light rays.

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  • 37. 

    Prentice's Rule depends solves for:

    • The power of the lens

    • The amount of prism induced

    • The distance away from the OC of the lens in cm

    Correct Answer
    A. The amount of prism induced
    Explanation
    Prentice's Rule is a formula used in optometry to calculate the amount of prism induced by a lens. It states that the prism induced is equal to the power of the lens multiplied by the distance away from the optical center (OC) of the lens in centimeters. Therefore, Prentice's Rule solves for the amount of prism induced, not the power of the lens or the distance away from the OC.

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  • 38. 

    The amount of prism induced requires knowledge of what factor(s)?

    • Power of the lens

    • Distance away from the OC of the lens

    • The refractive error of the patient

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Power of the lens
    A. Distance away from the OC of the lens
    Explanation
    Prentice's Rule: induced prism = d(cm) x F
    F= power of lens

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  • 39. 

    How much prism is induced if a +6.50 lens before the right eye is decentered 3mm nasally?

    • 0.95 BI

    • 1.95 BI

    • 0.95 BO

    • 1.95 BO

    Correct Answer
    A. 1.95 BI
    Explanation
    induced prism = (0.3)(6.5)= 1.95

    *because we are dealing witha (+) lens, and the OC is decentered nasally, the eye will be positioned such that there will be a BI prism

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  • 40. 

    A +4.00D lens is ordered for the right eye.  The Rx calls for 2 BI prism before the right eye.  How should the lens be decentered?

    • Nasally

    • Temporally

    • 2 pd

    • 4 pd

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Nasally
    A. 2 pd
    Explanation
    The lens should be decentered nasally by 2 pd. This means that the lens should be shifted towards the nose by 2 prism diopters. Decentering the lens nasally helps to correct the eye's alignment and improve visual clarity.

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  • 41. 

    A +3.50D lens is decentered 4 mm in and 5 mm down.  What is the resultant prismatic effect?

    • 1.4 horizontally, 1.75 vertically

    • 1.75 horizontally, 1.4 vertically

    Correct Answer
    A. 1.4 horizontally, 1.75 vertically
    Explanation
    A +3.50D lens decentered 4 mm in and 5 mm down will result in a prismatic effect of 1.4 prism diopters horizontally and 1.75 prism diopters vertically.

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  • 42. 

    If there is no prism prescribed for a patient, the PRP will be at the same location as the OC of the lens

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Prism Reference Point (PRP) is defined as the pont where the OC of the lens should be

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  • 43. 

    The distance between the optical center and the line of sight is the amount of:

    • Induced prism

    • Decentration

    • MRP

    Correct Answer
    A. Decentration
    Explanation
    this amount of decentration is then used to calculate the amount of prism induced by decentration

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  • 44. 

    The major reference point (MRP) of the lens is where the prism amount is unequal to the amount that has been prescribed for the patient.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The MRP is the point on the lens where the prism amount is equal to the amount that has been prescribed for the patient.

    -When there is no prism called for in the prescription, the OC and the MRP are exactly the same

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  • 45. 

    What is the opticla difference between grinding in prisms and prism by decentration?

    • Grinding provides less aberrations

    • Grinding prodvides inferior optical quality

    • There is no optical difference

    Correct Answer
    A. There is no optical difference
    Explanation
    Both grinding in prisms and prism by decentration are methods used to correct vision problems. However, in terms of optical difference, there is no distinction between the two methods. This means that both methods can achieve similar optical outcomes and correct vision aberrations effectively.

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  • 46. 

    Your optician finds that the PD and the DBOC is off by 10 mm.  How much prism is induced and is it ok to dispense them?

  • 47. 

    Your patient complains of fatigue from wearing his new glasses.  The DBOC is 64mm vs 60 mm as ordered.  What is the induced prismatic effect from each eye if the Rx is -2.00-100x180 OU?

  • 48. 

    Your patient complains of vertical diplopia.  Marking the glasses OCs the OD OC is 4 mm higher than the OS OC.  The OS OC is centered over the pt's OS pupil.  How much prism is induced and in what direction if the Rxis +4.50-200x180 OU?

  • 49. 

    Your patient needs 2 BO OD and 1.5 BO OS.  You would rather manipulate the OCs to create the prism.  How much decentration is necessary and in what direction to end up with the correct prism if the Rx in both eyes is -5.00 DS?

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 26, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Tseemore

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