Pg Blazer - Online Test Series 23 - Physiology | Attempts: 3136

2.

Oxygen delivery to tissues depends on all except

Cardiac output
Type of fluid administered
Hemoglobin concentration
Affinity of hemoglobin for Oxygen

Correct Answer

A. Type of fluid administered

Explanation

The type of fluid administered does not affect oxygen delivery to tissues. Oxygen delivery is primarily dependent on factors such as cardiac output, hemoglobin concentration, and the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. The type of fluid administered may affect other aspects of circulation, such as blood volume or blood pressure, but it does not directly impact the delivery of oxygen to tissues.

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3.

True about free water clearance is

Regulated by ADH
Regulated by aldosterone
Increased by furosemide
None of the above

Correct Answer

A. Regulated by ADH

Explanation

Free water clearance refers to the ability of the kidneys to excrete water independently of solute. It is regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thereby reducing free water clearance. Aldosterone, on the other hand, regulates sodium and potassium balance, but does not directly affect free water clearance. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output and decreased free water clearance. Therefore, the correct answer is "Regulated by ADH."

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4.

Aldosterone receptors are present in all except

Liver
Colon
Hippocampus
Distal nephron

Correct Answer

A. Liver

Explanation

Aldosterone receptors are present in the distal nephron, colon, and hippocampus. However, they are not present in the liver. Aldosterone primarily acts on the distal nephron of the kidney to regulate sodium and potassium balance. It also has effects on the colon, where it promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. In the hippocampus, aldosterone receptors are involved in memory and learning processes. Therefore, the correct answer is liver, as aldosterone receptors are not found in this organ.

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5.

Bile acids are synthesized from

Cholesterol
Amino acids
Bilirubin
Protein

Correct Answer

A. Cholesterol

Explanation

Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is found in cell membranes and is also a precursor for the synthesis of various hormones and bile acids. In the liver, cholesterol is converted into bile acids through a series of enzymatic reactions. Bile acids play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. They are released into the small intestine to emulsify fats, allowing for their efficient breakdown and absorption. Therefore, cholesterol serves as the starting material for the synthesis of bile acids.

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6.

Iron is actively absorbed in :

Stomach
Duodenum and proximal jejunum
Large intestine
Lleum

Correct Answer

A. Duodenum and proximal jejunum

Explanation

Iron is actively absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. These parts of the small intestine are responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, including iron. The duodenum and proximal jejunum have specialized cells called enterocytes that have iron transporters on their surface. These transporters allow for the active uptake of iron from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. Once absorbed, iron is transported to various tissues in the body, where it is essential for functions such as oxygen transport and energy production.

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7.

For PCR which of the following is not required:

Taq polymerase
DNTP
Primer
Radiolabelled DNA probe

Correct Answer

A. Radiolabelled DNA probe

Explanation

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a laboratory technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. In PCR, Taq polymerase is required as it is the enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis. dNTPs (deoxynucleotide triphosphates) are also essential as they provide the building blocks for DNA synthesis. Primers are necessary as they provide the starting point for DNA replication. However, a radiolabelled DNA probe is not required for PCR. DNA probes are used for detecting specific DNA sequences, but in PCR, the amplification of the target DNA sequence is the primary objective, not the detection.

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8.

Pulmonary circulation differs from systemic circulation

Pulmonary vasodilation in hypoxia
Pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypoxia
Decreased blood volume during systole
Increased basal vasoconstrictor tone

Correct Answer

A. Pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypoxia

Explanation

In hypoxia, the body responds by constricting the blood vessels in the pulmonary circulation. This is known as pulmonary vasoconstriction. By constricting the blood vessels, the body aims to redirect blood flow to areas of the lung that are better oxygenated, allowing for more efficient gas exchange. This is in contrast to systemic circulation, where vasodilation occurs in response to hypoxia, allowing for increased blood flow to tissues and organs throughout the body.

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9.

Adrenaline, noradrenalinc and dopamine act through

Single pass receptor
Four pass receptor
Seven pass receptor
Ligand gated channel

Correct Answer

A. Seven pass receptor

Explanation

Seven pass receptor (serpentine receptors)

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10.

Increase in threshold level of a nerve on application of a slowly rising sub-threshold stimulus is known as:

Adaptation
Accomodation
Refractoriness
Electrotonus

Correct Answer

A. Accomodation

Explanation

Accommodation refers to the increase in threshold level of a nerve when a slowly rising sub-threshold stimulus is applied. This phenomenon allows the nerve to adapt and respond to different levels of stimulation, ensuring that only relevant and significant stimuli are transmitted. It helps in preventing the nerve from being constantly activated by low-intensity stimuli and allows it to selectively respond to stronger stimuli.

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Pg Blazer - Online Test Series 23 - Physiology

ln isometric exercise all are increased except :

Quiz Preview

Oxygen delivery to tissues depends on all except

True about free water clearance is

Aldosterone receptors are present in all except

Bile acids are synthesized from

Iron is actively absorbed in :

For PCR which of the following is not required:

Pulmonary circulation differs from systemic circulation

Adrenaline, noradrenalinc and dopamine act through

Increase in threshold level of a nerve on application of a slowly rising sub-threshold stimulus is known as: