Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 13

Explanation
Romana's sign is a characteristic symptom of Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This sign refers to the swelling of the eyelid and the presence of a painless lesion at the site of the bite from the reduviid bug, also known as the "kissing bug." Therefore, the correct answer is Trypanosomiasis.

Explanation
Measles is the correct answer because it is a virus that produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are found inside the nucleus of infected cells, while intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found in the cytoplasm. This characteristic is specific to measles virus and helps in the diagnosis of the infection. Chicken pox, rabies, and small pox do not produce both types of inclusion bodies.

Explanation
An allograft refers to the transplantation of organs, tissues, or cells between genetically different members of the same species. This means that the donor and recipient share the same species but have different genetic makeup. In this type of transplantation, the immune system of the recipient recognizes the transplanted tissue as foreign and may mount an immune response against it. Therefore, immunosuppressive drugs are often required to prevent rejection of the allograft.

Explanation
IgE is the correct answer because it does not fix to complement. Complement is a group of proteins that help the immune system in fighting against foreign substances. IgM, IgA, and IgG are immunoglobulins that can fix to complement and activate the immune response. However, IgE is not involved in complement activation. Instead, it plays a role in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

Explanation
Human viruses can be grown in enriched media because it provides the necessary nutrients and conditions for the virus to replicate and multiply. Enriched media typically contains a variety of growth factors, amino acids, vitamins, and other components that support the growth of viruses. This allows researchers to study and manipulate the viruses in a controlled environment, facilitating the production of viral particles for further analysis or vaccine development. Continuous cell lines, suckling mice, and embryonated eggs can also be used to grow certain viruses, but enriched media is a more versatile and commonly used method.

Explanation
Lamivudine is an anti-HIV drug that is also used to treat viral Hepatitis B. It belongs to a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is necessary for the replication of both HIV and Hepatitis B virus. Lamivudine is effective in reducing the viral load and improving liver function in individuals with Hepatitis B, making it a valuable treatment option for both HIV and Hepatitis B co-infection.

Explanation
Purple toe syndrome is a rare side effect associated with the use of warfarin. It is characterized by the discoloration of the toes, ranging from blue to purple, due to the formation of blood clots in the small blood vessels. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that helps prevent the formation of blood clots, but in some cases, it can lead to the development of purple toe syndrome. This condition requires immediate medical attention as it can indicate a more serious underlying vascular problem.

Explanation
The combination of ampicillin and gentamicin is an example of synergy. Synergy refers to the combined effect of two or more substances that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In this case, ampicillin and gentamicin work together to enhance their effectiveness against bacteria. They have different mechanisms of action and target different parts of the bacterial cell, resulting in a synergistic effect that improves their overall antibacterial activity.

Explanation
Spectinomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of gonorrhoea in a pregnant patient who is allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. This is because spectinomycin is not a beta-lactam antibiotic and therefore does not pose a risk of causing an allergic reaction in the patient. It is effective against the causative organism of gonorrhoea and is considered safe to use during pregnancy. Piperacillin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin are all beta-lactam antibiotics and should be avoided in a patient with a known allergy to this class of drugs.

Explanation
The correct answer is CT, which stands for Computed Tomography. CT is a medical imaging technique that uses X-ray technology to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as injuries, tumors, and internal bleeding. CT scans are particularly useful for visualizing bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels. Unlike MRI, PET, and SPECT, CT does not involve the use of radioactive tracers or magnetic fields.