Servicing The Suspension System

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  • 1/55 Questions

    True or False. When checking shocks, you should bounce the car.

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This quiz on 'Servicing the Suspension System' tests knowledge on unsprung mass components, shock absorber functions, common shock types, steering knuckle materials, ball joint types, and spring types in strut systems. It is designed for learners in automotive technology.

Servicing The Suspension System - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Toe is the:

    • Wheel tilted out at the top.

    • Wheel tilted in at the top.

    • The angle of the tires relative to the center of the vehicle when viewed from above.

    • Line through the center of the car.

    Correct Answer
    A. The angle of the tires relative to the center of the vehicle when viewed from above.
    Explanation
    Toe is the angle of the tires when viewed from above.

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  • 3. 

    Damage to the cradle of a vehicle can force the wheels out of alignment, possibly changing: 

    • Caster

    • Camber

    • Toe

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The cradle in the metal structure that supports a vehicle's drivetrain and is an extension of the frame. If it is bent, any or all of the alignment angles could be changed.

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  • 4. 

    Vehicle wander may be caused by what?

    • Worn joints and bushings

    • Looseness in steering and suspension components

    • Caster angle is off

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    Vehicle wander refers to the tendency of a vehicle to drift or veer off course while driving. This can be caused by various factors, including worn joints and bushings, which can affect the stability and control of the vehicle. Additionally, looseness in steering and suspension components can lead to a lack of responsiveness and precision in the steering system, contributing to vehicle wander. Lastly, if the caster angle, which is the angle of the steering axis when viewed from the side of the vehicle, is off, it can result in steering instability and cause the vehicle to wander. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors can contribute to vehicle wander.

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  • 5. 

    Ride height may only be checked if the vehicle has: 

    • Matching tires.

    • Properly inflated tires.

    • No additional weight in the vehicle.

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    All of the above will effect ride height.

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  • 6. 

    What type of spring is mounted on a strut suspension system?

    • Leaf spring

    • Coil spring

    • Torsion bar

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Coil spring
    Explanation
    Vehicles that have struts, either modified or MacPherson, use a coil spring.

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  • 7. 

    The scrub radius is: 

    • What the tire does when turning in a circle.

    • The distance between two imaginary points on the road surface between the camber line and the steering axis inclination (SAI) centerline.

    • The scuff marks made by car tires.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The distance between two imaginary points on the road surface between the camber line and the steering axis inclination (SAI) centerline.
    Explanation
    The centerline of SAI is the scrub radius.

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  • 8. 

    When checking for a bad shock absorber, you should look for:

    • A slight oil film on the shock.

    • Excessive oil.

    • Worn-out bushings.

    • Both B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. Both B and C
    Explanation
    Slight film on a shock can be considered normal is some instances, B and C however, are both examples of what could be found bad with a shock.

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  • 9. 

    Tech A says you should replace shocks or struts in pairs. Tech B says it's ok to replace only one shock or strut. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech A
    Explanation
    Best practice would tell us to replace shocks or struts in pairs.

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  • 10. 

    Tech A says some steering knuckles are made of cast aluminum. Tech B says cast iron is also used for steering knuckles. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Techs A and B
    Explanation
    Steering knuckles can be made of either cast aluminum or cast iron.

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  • 11. 

    The _______________ connect(s) the wheels to the suspension and steering system.

    • Pitman arm

    • Inner tie rods

    • Steering knuckle

    • Idler arm

    Correct Answer
    A. Steering knuckle
    Explanation
    The steering knuckle connects the wheels to the suspension and steering system. It is a crucial component that allows the wheels to turn and pivot as directed by the driver's input through the steering system. The steering knuckle is responsible for maintaining the proper alignment and control of the wheels, ensuring a smooth and controlled driving experience.

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  • 12. 

    Camber is the:

    • Axes between the upper and lower pivots on the control arm.

    • Side-to-side vertical tilt of the wheel.

    • Axis around which the wheel assembly swivels as it turns.

    • angle the steering arms make with the steering axis projected toward the center of the rear axle.

    Correct Answer
    A. Side-to-side vertical tilt of the wheel.
    Explanation
    Camber is the side to side vertical tilt of a wheel assembly.

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  • 13. 

    Tech A says a shock absorber dampens spring oscillation. Tech B says there is oil in the shock that heats up as it absorbs the energy of the motion. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Techs A and B
    Explanation
    Some shocks do have oil which heats up and absorbs the energy of motion. This in turn, dampens the spring oscillations and improves ride quality.

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  • 14. 

    The _______________ connect(s) the wheels to the suspension and steering system.

    • Pitman arm

    • Inner tie rods

    • Steering knuckle

    • Idler arm

    Correct Answer
    A. Steering knuckle
    Explanation
    The steering knuckle connects the wheels to the suspension and steering system. It is a crucial component that allows the wheels to turn and pivot when the steering wheel is turned. The steering knuckle is responsible for transmitting the steering input from the steering system to the wheels, allowing for control and maneuverability of the vehicle.

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  • 15. 

    Tech A says an automotive suspension system works with the steering system to help keep the wheels in correct alignment.  Tech B says an automotive suspension system works independently of the steering system and has no effect on the wheel alignment.  Who is right?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both techs

    • Neither tech

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech A
    Explanation
    Tech A is correct because an automotive suspension system does work with the steering system to help keep the wheels in correct alignment. The suspension system consists of various components such as springs, shock absorbers, and control arms that work together to absorb shocks and vibrations, maintain stability, and ensure proper wheel alignment. By providing support and flexibility, the suspension system helps to keep the wheels in the correct alignment, allowing for better handling and control of the vehicle.

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  • 16. 

    True or False. When a radial tire bulges on the sidewall, this means that the tire is underinflated all the time. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A bulge on the side of a tire indicates a broken belt on the inside of the tire.

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  • 17. 

    What is the drawback of a coil spring suspension on a straight axle?

    • Compact design

    • Light weight

    • No side-to-side or front-to-back stability

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. No side-to-side or front-to-back stability
    Explanation
    A coil spring suspension on a solid axel will only allow for movement up and down.

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  • 18. 

    The Ackermann principle is:

    • When the steering wheel automatically returns to center.

    • Where the inside wheels are able to turn at a different radius than the outside wheels.

    • The offset of the front wheels.

    • The difference in the ride height from front to rear.

    Correct Answer
    A. Where the inside wheels are able to turn at a different radius than the outside wheels.
    Explanation
    When making a turn, the inner tire needs to make a smaller turning radius than that of the outer tire. This is the Ackermann principle.

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  • 19. 

    A rear suspension U-bolt:

    • Adjusts the spring tension.

    • Clamps the leaf spring to the chassis.

    • Clamps the leaf spring to the axle housing.

    • Separates each leaf of the spring.

    Correct Answer
    A. Clamps the leaf spring to the axle housing.
    Explanation
    A rear suspension U-bolt is responsible for clamping the leaf spring to the axle housing. This helps to secure the leaf spring in place and ensure proper suspension and stability of the vehicle.

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  • 20. 

    A four wheel drive vehicle suffers from excessive road shock at the steering wheel while driving on irregular road surfaces.  Tech a says the power steering gear spool valve may be damaged.  Tech B says the steering damper may be worn out.  Who is right?

    • A. Tech A

    • B. Tech B

    • C. Both techs

    • D. Neither tech

    Correct Answer
    A. B. Tech B
    Explanation
    Tech B is correct. The steering damper is responsible for reducing the vibrations and shocks that are transmitted to the steering wheel when driving on irregular road surfaces. If the steering damper is worn out or damaged, it will not effectively absorb these shocks, resulting in excessive road shock at the steering wheel. Tech A's suggestion about the power steering gear spool valve does not address the specific issue of excessive road shock at the steering wheel.

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  • 21. 

    The unsprung mass of a vehicle refers to the:

    • Mass supported by the springs.

    • Mass of the springs.

    • Mass of the wheel and brake assemblies.

    • Mass of the top part of the suspension.

    Correct Answer
    A. Mass of the wheel and brake assemblies.
    Explanation
    The unsprung mass of a vehicle refers to the mass of the wheel and brake assemblies. This includes the weight of the wheels, tires, brake components, and any other parts directly connected to the wheels. The unsprung mass is important because it affects the vehicle's handling and suspension performance. A higher unsprung mass can lead to reduced traction, slower response to bumps, and decreased overall stability. Therefore, it is crucial to minimize the unsprung mass to optimize the vehicle's performance and ride quality.

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  • 22. 

    A tie rod on each side of the vehicle connects each ______________ to the center link.

    • Control arm

    • Wheel assembly

    • Idler arm

    • Pitman arm

    Correct Answer
    A. Wheel assembly
    Explanation
    Each tie rod on each side of the vehicle connects the wheel assembly to the center link. The tie rod is an essential component of the steering system, responsible for transmitting the steering movement from the center link to the wheels. It helps to maintain proper alignment and control of the wheels, ensuring stability and smooth steering.

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  • 23. 

    A ______________ fastens the rear of a leaf spring to the car frame.

    • Mount

    • Bushing

    • Shackle

    • Nut and bolt

    Correct Answer
    A. Shackle
    Explanation
    A shackle is a device used to fasten the rear of a leaf spring to the car frame. It provides a secure connection between the leaf spring and the frame, allowing for proper suspension and support of the vehicle.

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  • 24. 

    Unsprung mass is all these EXCEPT:

    • Wheels.

    • Axles.

    • Frame.

    • Outboard brake assemblies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Frame.
    Explanation
    Unsprung mass is the components' mass which are not held up or supported by the vehicle's suspension.

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  • 25. 

    Tech A says a turning radius is how large a circle the vehicle can turn. Tech B says a thrust angle is the average angle of the rear wheels and its relationship to the vehicle's center line. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Techs A and B
    Explanation
    Both Techs A and B are correct. Tech A is correct in saying that a turning radius is how large a circle the vehicle can turn. This refers to the amount of space needed for the vehicle to complete a full turn. Tech B is also correct in saying that a thrust angle is the average angle of the rear wheels and its relationship to the vehicle's center line. This refers to the alignment of the rear wheels, which affects the vehicle's stability and handling.

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  • 26. 

    Two technicians are discussing suspension springs. Technician A says that vehicles with leaf springs need control arms or struts to prevent lateral movement of the axle. Technician B says that vehicles with coil springs need control rods or struts to prevent lateral movement. Who is correct?

    • Technician A only

    • Technician B only

    • Both Technician A & Technician B

    • Neither Technician A or Technician B

    Correct Answer
    A. Technician B only
    Explanation
    Technician B is correct. Vehicles with coil springs need control rods or struts to prevent lateral movement. Leaf springs, on the other hand, do not require control arms or struts for this purpose.

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  • 27. 

    When doing an alignment, the adjustments need to be made in which specific order?

    • Rear caster, rear camber, rear toe, front caster, front camber, front toe

    • Front toe, rear toe, front camber, rear camber, front caster, rear caster

    • Rear camber, rear toe, front caster, front toe, front camber, rear caster

    • Front caster, rear caster, front toe, rear toe, rear camber, front camber

    Correct Answer
    A. Rear caster, rear camber, rear toe, front caster, front camber, front toe
    Explanation
    Alignment angle adjustments are always performed from rear to front and from the angle that creates the largest adjustment, to the one that makes the finest adjustment. Therefore, rear caster, camber, toe, then front caster, camber, toe angles are adjusted.

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  • 28. 

    If the thrust angle is off bad enough, what animal will your car look like? 

    • A cat

    • A dog

    • A racoon

    • A snake

    Correct Answer
    A. A dog
    Explanation
    A dog or crab walk are the most commonly used terms to describe a vehicle with excessive thrust angle.

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  • 29. 

    Tech A says MacPherson strut assemblies are often changed because the vehicle bounces too much on irregular roads.  Tech B says on some models, the alignment must be checked after new MacPherson struts are installed.  Who is right?

    • A. Tech A

    • B. Tech B

    • C. Both techs

    • D. Neither tech

    Correct Answer
    A. C. Both techs
    Explanation
    Both technicians are correct. Tech A is correct in saying that MacPherson strut assemblies are often changed because the vehicle bounces too much on irregular roads. MacPherson struts are a type of suspension system that helps absorb shocks and vibrations, so if they are worn or damaged, the vehicle may bounce excessively on uneven surfaces. Tech B is also correct in saying that on some models, the alignment must be checked after new MacPherson struts are installed. This is because changing the struts can affect the alignment of the wheels, so it is necessary to check and adjust the alignment if needed.

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  • 30. 

    The power steering pump reservoir is:

    • Mounted to the pump

    • Remotely mounted

    • Both A and B

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Both A and B
    Explanation
    The power steering pump reservoir can be mounted to the pump itself or it can be remotely mounted. This means that it can be located either directly on the pump or at a distance from it. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B.

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  • 31. 

    What could cause air bubbles in the power steering fluid?

    • A. Checking the fluid before it reached operating temperature

    • B. Overheated fluid

    • C. Engine idling too fast

    • D. Low fluid level

    Correct Answer
    A. D. Low fluid level
    Explanation
    Air bubbles in the power steering fluid can be caused by a low fluid level. When the fluid level is low, air can enter the system and mix with the fluid, causing bubbles. This can result in a loss of power steering effectiveness and potentially lead to damage to the power steering system. It is important to regularly check and maintain the proper fluid level to prevent this issue.

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  • 32. 

    The __________ connects the pitman arm to the idler arm.

    • Center link

    • Drag link

    • Both A and B

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Both A and B
    Explanation
    Both A and B are correct because the center link and the drag link both connect the pitman arm to the idler arm. The center link is a crucial component of the steering system that connects the pitman arm to the idler arm, while the drag link also connects the pitman arm to the idler arm and helps to control the movement of the wheels. Therefore, both options A and B accurately describe the connection between the pitman arm and the idler arm.

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  • 33. 

    All of the following are functions of the automotive suspension system EXCEPT:

    • Helps provide a smooth ride for passengers

    • Keeps tires in firm contact with the road

    • Allows the front wheels to turn from side to side for steering

    • Allows the body to tilt when heavily loaded

    Correct Answer
    A. Allows the front wheels to turn from side to side for steering
    Explanation
    The automotive suspension system is responsible for several functions, including providing a smooth ride for passengers, keeping tires in firm contact with the road, and allowing the body to tilt when heavily loaded. However, the suspension system does not directly control the turning of the front wheels for steering. This function is primarily performed by the steering system, which is separate from the suspension system.

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  • 34. 

    Tech A says all ball joints are loaded. Tech B says on a short/long-arm suspension system, the upper ball joint is normally a follower ball joint. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech B
    Explanation
    The ball joint in the upper control arm is typically not loaded, and is therefore a following ball joint.

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  • 35. 

    Tech A says excessive tie rod end play is ok when aligning a car. Tech B says the setback typically not adjustable. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech B
    Explanation
    Tech B is correct. Excessive tie rod end play is not okay when aligning a car as it can cause steering instability and uneven tire wear. On the other hand, the setback, which refers to the difference in the distance between the front and rear axles on each side of the vehicle, is typically not adjustable and is determined by the vehicle's design.

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  • 36. 

    When unloading the ball joints on a front suspension with the coil spring located between the lower control arm and the frame:

    • A. A safety stand must be placed under the chassis

    • B. The shock absorber must be disconnected

    • C. The sway bar link bushings must be disconnected

    • D. A safety stand must be placed under the lower control arm

    Correct Answer
    A. D. A safety stand must be placed under the lower control arm
    Explanation
    When unloading the ball joints on a front suspension with the coil spring located between the lower control arm and the frame, it is important to place a safety stand under the lower control arm. This is because the lower control arm supports the weight of the vehicle and provides stability to the suspension system. Placing a safety stand under the lower control arm ensures that the suspension is properly supported and prevents any potential accidents or damage while working on the ball joints.

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  • 37. 

    Tech A says that the main problems in the power steering system are play and leaks. Tech B says that the main problems in the power steering system are play and hard steering. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech B
    Explanation
    Tech B is correct. The main problems in the power steering system are play and hard steering. This means that there is excessive movement or looseness in the steering wheel, and the steering requires more effort than usual. Leaks can also be a problem in the power steering system, but it is not mentioned as one of the main problems. Therefore, Tech A is incorrect in stating that leaks are one of the main problems.

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  • 38. 

    While performing an alignment on a front wheel drive vehicle, the technician notices that caster is out of specification and that caster is not adjustable on the vehicle.  Which of the following should the tech do first?

    • A. Replace both front strut assemblies

    • B. Heat and bend the lower control arms

    • C. Check the cradle(subframe) alignment

    • D. Measure thrust angle

    Correct Answer
    A. C. Check the cradle(subframe) alignment
    Explanation
    If the caster is out of specification and not adjustable on the vehicle, the technician should first check the cradle (subframe) alignment. The cradle alignment can affect the caster angle, so it is important to ensure that the cradle is properly aligned before attempting any other adjustments or repairs. This will help to determine if the misalignment of the cradle is causing the caster to be out of specification. Once the cradle alignment is checked and corrected if necessary, the technician can then reassess the caster angle and make any additional adjustments or repairs as needed.

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  • 39. 

    The thrust angle on a front-wheel drive vehicle is more than specified, and the thrust line is positioned to the left of the geometric centerline.  This problem could be caused by:

    • A. Excessive toe-out on the left rear wheel

    • B. Excessive toe-out on the right rear wheel

    • C. Excessive positive camber on the left rear wheel

    • D. Excessive wear in the left rear lower ball joint

    Correct Answer
    A. A. Excessive toe-out on the left rear wheel
    Explanation
    Excessive toe-out on the left rear wheel can cause the thrust angle on a front-wheel drive vehicle to be more than specified and the thrust line to be positioned to the left of the geometric centerline. Toe-out refers to the condition where the front edges of the tires are pointed outward. When the left rear wheel has excessive toe-out, it can cause the rear of the vehicle to push to the left, resulting in the thrust angle being off and the vehicle not tracking straight.

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  • 40. 

    Tech A says a torsion bar fastens to the vehicle's frame.  Tech B says a torsion bar fastens to the suspension system control arm.  Who is right?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both techs

    • Neither tech

    Correct Answer
    A. Both techs
    Explanation
    Both techs are correct. A torsion bar is a type of suspension system component that is used to provide support and stability to the vehicle's frame. It is typically connected to the vehicle's frame on one end and the suspension system control arm on the other end. Therefore, both Tech A and Tech B are correct in their statements about how a torsion bar fastens to the vehicle's frame and suspension system control arm.

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  • 41. 

    In a short/long arm type front suspension system how is suspension movement accommodated while still maintaining steering geometry?

    • The lower control arm is longer than the upper control arm.

    • It moves up and down independently to accommodate movement in the suspension.

    • The lower control arm is shorter than the upper control arm.

    • It moves up and down in parallel to accommodate movement in the suspension.

    Correct Answer
    A. The lower control arm is longer than the upper control arm.
    Explanation
    In a short/long arm type front suspension system, the lower control arm is longer than the upper control arm. This allows the lower control arm to move up and down independently, accommodating movement in the suspension while still maintaining steering geometry. This design helps to improve the stability and handling of the vehicle by allowing the suspension to move freely while keeping the steering components in the correct position.

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  • 42. 

    Tech A says that the steering column transfers the linear movement of the steering wheel to the steering knuckle. Tech B says that the steering wheel transmits the driver's steering effort from the steering wheel to the steering box. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Tech B
    Explanation
    Tech B is correct. The steering wheel does transmit the driver's steering effort to the steering box. The steering column, on the other hand, connects the steering wheel to the steering mechanism and allows for the transfer of both linear and rotational movement from the steering wheel to the steering knuckle.

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  • 43. 

    A vehicle has excessive body swat while cornering.  All of the following defects could be the cause of the problem EXCEPT:

    • A. A worn strut rod bushing

    • B. A weak stabilizer bar

    • C. A worn stabilizer bar bushing

    • D. A broken stabilizer link

    Correct Answer
    A. A. A worn strut rod bushing
    Explanation
    Excessive body sway while cornering is usually caused by a lack of stability and control in the suspension system. A worn strut rod bushing can contribute to this issue as it affects the stability and alignment of the suspension components. Therefore, it is not an exception and could be a potential cause of the problem.

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  • 44. 

    Tech A says setback is not adjustable. Tech B says setback can cause a pull on a front-wheel-drive car. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Techs A and B
    Explanation
    Both Techs A and B are correct. Tech A is correct in stating that setback is not adjustable. Setback refers to the difference in the distance between the centerline of the front wheels and the centerline of the rear wheels on a vehicle. It is a fixed measurement and cannot be adjusted. Tech B is correct in stating that setback can cause a pull on a front-wheel-drive car. If there is a difference in setback between the left and right sides of the front wheels, it can cause the car to pull to one side while driving.

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  • 45. 

    Tech A says you can adjust camber with shims. Tech B says you can adjust caster with shims. Who is correct?

    • Tech A

    • Tech B

    • Both Techs A and B

    • Neither Tech A nor B

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Techs A and B
    Explanation
    Both Techs A and B are correct. Camber refers to the angle of the wheels in relation to the vertical axis, and it can be adjusted using shims. Caster, on the other hand, refers to the angle of the steering axis in relation to the vertical axis, and it can also be adjusted using shims. Therefore, both Tech A and Tech B are correct in their statements.

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  • 46. 

    What type of shock is the most common?

    • Gas pressurized

    • Twin-tube type

    • Air shock

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Twin-tube type
    Explanation
    The twin-tube shock is the most commonly used shock in automobiles.

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  • 47. 

    ________________ are used with coil spring suspensions. They prevent the rear axle moving from side to side without restricting its vertical movement.

    • Panhard or track rods

    • Sway bars

    • Strut supports

    • Cross members

    Correct Answer
    A. Panhard or track rods
    Explanation
    Panhard or track rods are used with coil spring suspensions to prevent the rear axle from moving from side to side without restricting its vertical movement. These rods are attached to the chassis at one end and to the axle at the other end, creating a lateral link that keeps the axle in line with the chassis. This helps to maintain stability and control during cornering and prevents excessive body roll.

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  • 48. 

    A vehicle pulls to the left while driving straight ahead.  The cause of the problem could be:

    • A. Inadequate caster on the left front wheel

    • B. Excessive positive caster on the left front wheel

    • C. Excessive toe in

    • D. Improper toe out on turns on the right front wheel

    Correct Answer
    A. A. Inadequate caster on the left front wheel
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A. Inadequate caster on the left front wheel. Caster refers to the angle of the steering axis in relation to the vertical axis of the vehicle. Inadequate caster on the left front wheel can cause the vehicle to pull to the left while driving straight ahead. This happens because inadequate caster can result in unequal weight distribution on the front wheels, causing the vehicle to veer to one side.

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  • 49. 

    Positive caster is:

    • Forward tilt of the steering axes.

    • Backward tilt of the steering axes.

    • Outward tilt of the wheel.

    • Inward tilt of the wheel.

    Correct Answer
    A. Backward tilt of the steering axes.
    Explanation
    Positive is the backward tilt of the steering axis.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Nov 03, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Atahcpss
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