Year 8 Chemistry Volcabulary - Mr. Hung

Gas is a state of matter where the atoms or molecules are in constant motion and have high kinetic energy. They move randomly and rapidly, resulting in a large amount of space between them. Unlike solids or liquids, gases do not have a definite shape or volume, and they can expand to fill any container. The lack of a pattern refers to the fact that gas particles do not have a fixed arrangement or structure. Therefore, the given description perfectly matches the characteristics of a gas.

An atom is considered the smallest particle of matter because it is the basic unit that makes up all elements. Atoms are composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in energy levels or shells. They are indivisible and retain the chemical properties of the element they belong to. Atoms combine to form molecules, which in turn make up all substances in the universe. Therefore, the concept of an atom being the smallest particle of matter is widely accepted in the field of physics and chemistry.

An electron is a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. It is one of the fundamental particles of matter and carries a negative electrical charge. Electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical and physical properties of atoms, as they are involved in chemical bonding and the flow of electric current.

The given correct answer is "periodic table of elements" or "periodic table". The periodic table was created by Demetri Mendelev in 1896 and it is a table that organizes all the known elements based on their properties. It provides a systematic way to understand and study the elements, their atomic numbers, atomic masses, electron configurations, and chemical behaviors. The periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry and is used to predict and explain the behavior and relationships between different elements.

The given description perfectly matches the characteristics of a solid. In a solid state of matter, the atoms are tightly packed together in a regular pattern, resulting in very little space between them. The movement of atoms in a solid is limited to vibrating in their fixed positions. Therefore, the answer to this question is solid.

A liquid is a state of matter where the atoms or molecules are not tightly packed together like in a solid, but they are also not completely separate like in a gas. In a liquid, the atoms have more space between them, allowing them to slide past each other. This lack of a rigid structure means that the atoms in a liquid are not arranged in any specific pattern, giving the liquid the ability to flow and take the shape of its container.

Volume is a measurement that quantifies the amount of space occupied by an object. It is a three-dimensional concept that determines the capacity of an object or the amount of space it fills. Volume is typically measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters or cubic centimeters. It is an essential parameter in various fields, including physics, engineering, and mathematics, as it helps in determining the size, capacity, and displacement of objects.

A proton is a positively charged particle that is located in the nucleus of an atom. It has a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit and carries a positive charge, equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to that of an electron. Protons are one of the fundamental particles that make up matter and are essential for the stability of an atom. They play a crucial role in determining the identity and chemical properties of an element.

Matter refers to anything that has mass and occupies space. It includes both tangible objects like rocks, water, and air, as well as intangible substances like gases and energy. Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which combine to form molecules. This answer correctly defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass, encompassing all physical substances in the universe.

A chemical change refers to a process in which one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties. This change is typically accompanied by the release or absorption of energy, such as heat or light. In the given context, the change described as "the new formation of a substance" aligns with the definition of a chemical change, as it implies the creation of a new substance through a chemical reaction.

A neutron is a particle with no charge that is located in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons, along with protons, make up the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass similar to that of a proton, but no electric charge. Neutrons play a crucial role in determining the stability and properties of an atom. They help to hold the nucleus together through the strong nuclear force, and their presence affects the overall mass and stability of the atom.

A mixture refers to a combination of two or more substances that are mixed together, but they do not chemically combine. In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means. This is different from a chemical compound where the substances chemically react and form new substances with different properties.

The boiling point is a property that indicates the temperature at which a substance transitions from a liquid state to a gaseous state. It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the substance equals the atmospheric pressure, causing bubbles of gas to form throughout the liquid. The boiling point is specific to each substance and can be influenced by factors such as altitude and the presence of impurities.

The melting point is a property that indicates the temperature at which a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid state. It is the specific temperature at which the substance's molecular structure breaks down, allowing the particles to move freely and form a liquid. The melting point is an important characteristic as it helps identify and distinguish different substances, as each substance has a unique melting point.

The nucleus is the center of an atom that contains both protons and neutrons. It is a small, dense region that makes up most of the atom's mass. The protons have a positive charge, while the neutrons have no charge. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons, which orbit around it in specific energy levels. The nucleus is crucial for the stability and functioning of the atom, as it determines its atomic number and mass number.

Chemistry is the study of the materials that make up the universe (matter) and the changes these materials undergo. It involves understanding the composition, properties, and behavior of substances, as well as the transformations they undergo during chemical reactions. Chemistry is a broad field that encompasses various branches such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. By studying chemistry, scientists can gain insights into the fundamental building blocks of matter and how they interact, leading to advancements in various fields such as medicine, materials science, and environmental science.

Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object. It is a fundamental property of an object and is typically measured in units such as kilograms or grams. Mass is different from weight, as weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. Mass remains constant regardless of the location, while weight can vary depending on the strength of the gravitational field. In summary, mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object.

A physical change refers to a change in the appearance or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition or creating a new substance. In this type of change, the molecules or atoms of the substance remain the same, only their arrangement or state is modified. Examples of physical changes include changes in size, shape, color, texture, or state of matter (such as melting, freezing, or evaporating). In contrast, a chemical change involves the transformation of one or more substances into new substances with different chemical properties.

A compound is a substance that is formed when two or more elements chemically combine together. In a compound, the elements are bonded together in a specific ratio and arrangement. This combination results in a new substance with different properties than the individual elements. Compounds can be formed through various chemical reactions and are represented by chemical formulas. They can exist in different states such as solid, liquid, or gas, and have a wide range of applications in various fields including medicine, industry, and everyday life.

Metals are one of the three groups of elements that possess certain properties like high luster, high melting points, and good conductivity of heat and electricity. These characteristics are typically found in metallic elements due to their unique atomic structure, which allows for the movement of electrons and efficient transfer of heat and electricity. Metals are known for their shiny appearance, ability to withstand high temperatures, and their capacity to conduct heat and electricity effectively.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element, while a molecule is formed when two or more atoms chemically combine. Therefore, the given statement suggests that a substance is made up of one or more atoms, and when these atoms combine, they form a molecule. This explanation aligns with the correct answer, which is "molecule."

Non-metals are a group of elements that share similar properties such as low luster (dull appearance), low melting points, and poor conductivity of heat and electricity. These elements are typically found on the right side of the periodic table and include elements like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. Non-metals are known for their ability to gain electrons and form negative ions, and they are essential for various biological processes.

Metalloids are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals. They have characteristics of metals, such as being able to conduct electricity, but also possess non-metal properties like being brittle and having low melting points. The term "metalloids" is used to describe this group of elements, which includes elements like boron, silicon, and arsenic.

The given answer, "properties," is correct because properties are characteristics of a substance that remain constant and can be used to identify the substance. These properties include luster (the way a substance reflects light), hardness (the resistance of a substance to being scratched), density (the mass per unit volume of a substance), and melting point (the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state). These properties are unique to each substance and can be used to distinguish one substance from another.

An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler forms. It consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Elements are the building blocks of matter and are represented by symbols on the periodic table. There are over 100 known elements, each with its own unique properties and characteristics.

The given correct answer is "inert gases". This term refers to a group of elements on the far right of the periodic table that are non-reactive. These elements, also known as noble gases, have full valence electron shells, making them stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds with other elements. Due to their inert nature, they are often used in various applications, such as lighting, lasers, and as a protective gas in certain industrial processes.