K201 Lecture Exam 1 Practice Test

SQL (Structured Query Language) is an international standard language for processing a database. It is used to manage and manipulate relational databases. SQL allows users to create, modify, and retrieve data from a database. It is widely supported by database management systems and is the most commonly used language for interacting with databases. MS Access, DB2, and Paradox are database management systems, but SQL is the language used to interact with these systems. Therefore, SQL is the correct answer as it is the standard language for processing a database.

Keeping track of data involving multiple themes such as employees, transactions, customers, supplies, etc. should be done with a database. A database is designed to efficiently store, organize, and manage large amounts of data. It allows for easy retrieval, sorting, and analysis of data, making it the ideal choice for managing complex and interconnected information. Spreadsheets are better suited for simpler data analysis tasks, while filing cabinets are physical storage solutions that lack the flexibility and efficiency of a database.

The chart represents data. Data refers to raw facts, figures, or statistics that have not been organized or processed in any way. In the context of the chart, it likely displays numerical or quantitative information without any analysis or interpretation. Knowledge and information, on the other hand, involve the understanding and contextualization of data. Therefore, the chart does not represent knowledge or information.

This statement is not necessarily true. The value of data depends on various factors such as its accuracy, relevance, and the specific needs of the individual or organization using it. While good data is generally valuable, it may not always be worth the cost if the benefits derived from it do not justify the expense. Therefore, the statement is false.

The data displayed in Design View of a table in an Access database is an example of metadata. Metadata refers to the information about the data, such as the structure, format, and properties of the database objects. In Design View, you can see the field names, data types, and other properties of the table columns, which provide information about the data stored in the table. Therefore, the data displayed in Design View can be considered as metadata.

The first primary activity in the BI process is acquiring data. This involves gathering relevant data from various sources such as databases, spreadsheets, and external sources. Acquiring data is essential as it provides the foundation for the subsequent steps in the BI process, such as cleaning, analyzing, and publishing the results. Without acquiring the necessary data, it would not be possible to derive meaningful insights and make informed decisions.

This statement is false because knowledge management existed before the advent of social media. Knowledge management refers to the systematic process of capturing, organizing, and sharing knowledge within an organization, and it has been practiced long before the emergence of social media platforms. Social media may have enhanced the way knowledge is shared and accessed, but it is not the sole reason for the existence of knowledge management.

Data can be considered timely even if it is not delivered in real time. Timeliness refers to the data being up-to-date and relevant for the purpose it is being used. While real-time delivery of data can be ideal in certain situations, it is not always necessary. Data can still be considered timely if it is delivered within a reasonable timeframe and meets the requirements of the user. Therefore, the statement that data must be delivered in real time for it to be considered timely is false.

Supervised data mining refers to a method where data miners create a model before analyzing the data and then use statistical techniques to estimate the parameters of the model. This approach allows the data miners to have a predefined structure or pattern in mind and use the data to validate or refine the model. By using supervised data mining, the analysts can make predictions or classifications based on the established model, making it a useful technique for tasks like regression or decision tree analysis.

A database is not simply a group of tables or files. It is a structured collection of data that is organized and managed in a way to provide efficient retrieval, storage, and manipulation of data. A database includes not only tables or files but also relationships between the tables, constraints, indexes, and other components that ensure data integrity and enable efficient data processing. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

The statement is false because a data mart is not another term used for a data warehouse. While both data marts and data warehouses are used for storing and analyzing data, they have some key differences. A data warehouse is a large, centralized repository that stores data from various sources and is designed to support complex analysis and reporting. On the other hand, a data mart is a subset of a data warehouse that focuses on a specific department or business function. Data marts are smaller, more focused, and typically contain data that is relevant to a specific group of users.

In a hyper-social organization, some employees may be hesitant to share their knowledge or contribute to company blogs and forums because they do not want to appear incompetent or showcase their lack of knowledge. This inhibition can hinder knowledge sharing within the organization, as employees may refrain from participating in discussions or sharing their expertise. Therefore, the statement that employees not wanting to appear incompetent or exhibit their ignorance inhibits knowledge sharing in a hyper-social organization is true.

In the five-component framework of an information system, the most important component is people. This is because people are the users and managers of the system, and they are responsible for making decisions, implementing procedures, and utilizing the software and hardware effectively. Without skilled and knowledgeable people, the other components would not be able to function properly or be utilized to their full potential. People are crucial in ensuring that the information system is effectively designed, implemented, and utilized to achieve the organization's goals and objectives.

Data mining is the correct answer because it involves the use of statistical techniques to discover patterns and relationships within large datasets. It aims to extract valuable insights and knowledge from the data, which can then be used for classification and prediction purposes. Data mining techniques include clustering, regression, association rule mining, and decision trees, among others. By analyzing the data, data mining helps to uncover hidden patterns and trends that can be used for making informed business decisions and predictions.

Operational data refers to the data that is used for day-to-day operations and transaction processing within an organization. This data is typically structured in a way that allows for fast and reliable processing of transactions. By organizing the data in a structured manner, it becomes easier to retrieve and process information quickly, ensuring efficient operations. Therefore, the statement "Operational data is structured for fast and reliable transaction processing" is true.

The given correct answer for this question is "managerial". Project leaders are responsible for making decisions regarding the allocation and utilization of materials and labor. These decisions involve managing resources and coordinating tasks to ensure the successful completion of the project. Therefore, the term "managerial" accurately describes the type of decisions project leaders have to make in this context.

A database management system (DBMS) has three primary functions. These functions include data definition, data manipulation, and data control. Data definition involves creating and modifying the structure of the database, such as defining tables, attributes, and relationships. Data manipulation involves inserting, updating, and deleting data in the database. Data control involves managing user access, security, and integrity of the database. These three functions are essential for the efficient and effective management of a database.

The statement is false because BI Analysis does not guarantee that there will be no discrepancies in the data acquired from multiple sources. While BI Analysis can help identify and minimize discrepancies, it does not eliminate them entirely. Discrepancies can still occur due to various reasons such as data integration issues, data quality problems, or inconsistencies in data collection methods. Therefore, it is important to validate and cross-check data from multiple sources to ensure accuracy and reliability in BI Analysis.

The activity described lacks collaboration. While the team members work independently on their individual pieces, they do not actively collaborate or work together throughout the process. Collaboration involves individuals working together, sharing ideas, and coordinating their efforts to achieve a common goal. In this activity, the team members only come together at the end to assemble their independent pieces, indicating a lack of collaboration throughout the project.

A table containing data can have more than 3 themes.

Business intelligence refers to the patterns, trends, and relationships that are derived from information systems. It involves analyzing and interpreting data to gain insights and make informed business decisions. Business data refers to the raw information collected, while business knowledge refers to the understanding and expertise gained from analyzing that data. Therefore, the correct answer is business intelligence, as it encompasses the analysis and interpretation of data to generate meaningful insights for decision-making.

An inventory report set to run automatically when an item reaches a critical low point is an example of push publishing. In push publishing, information is sent or pushed to the recipient without them actively requesting it. In this case, the inventory report is automatically generated and sent to the relevant parties without them having to manually request it.

The statement is false because the number of components in an information system does not necessarily increase in proportion to its complexity. While complexity can lead to an increase in the number of components, it is not always the case. It is possible to have a complex information system with a relatively small number of components, or a simple information system with a large number of components. Therefore, the statement is not universally true.

Business Intelligence (BI) Systems are designed to process operational, social, and other data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. These systems provide business professionals with valuable insights and help them make informed decisions. By analyzing large amounts of data, BI systems enable organizations to gain a competitive advantage, improve efficiency, and identify new business opportunities. They typically include tools for data visualization, reporting, and analysis, allowing users to explore data and generate meaningful reports and dashboards. Overall, BI systems play a crucial role in harnessing the power of data and turning it into actionable insights for businesses.

A data model is a representation of the structure, relationships, and constraints of the data that will be stored in a database. It defines the entities, attributes, and their interconnections, allowing for efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data. By providing a blueprint for organizing and understanding the data, a data model helps in designing and implementing a database system that meets the requirements of the intended application.

Decision trees are commonly used in business applications to classify loans by their likelihood of default. This is because decision trees are effective in analyzing and evaluating various factors such as income, credit history, employment status, and other relevant variables that can help determine the risk associated with a loan. By using decision trees, businesses can make informed decisions and allocate resources more efficiently to minimize the risk of default and potential financial losses.

Collaboration and cooperation both involve working together, but the key difference lies in the emphasis on iteration and feedback. Collaboration is characterized by a continuous process of exchanging ideas, revising and refining work, and seeking feedback from others. This iterative approach allows for improvement and innovation. On the other hand, cooperation focuses more on individuals working together towards a common goal, without necessarily emphasizing the iterative process or seeking feedback. Therefore, the correct answer highlights that collaboration gives importance to iteration and feedback, distinguishing it from cooperation.

The correct answer is many-to-many because in the attached image, there are crows feet between two entities. Crows feet represent a many-to-many relationship, where multiple instances of one entity can be associated with multiple instances of another entity.

Knowledge management is the process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need it. This involves collecting, organizing, and storing knowledge within an organization, as well as facilitating its access and dissemination. By effectively managing knowledge, organizations can enhance decision-making, improve innovation, and foster collaboration among stakeholders.

The question "Should we continue to outsource our bookkeeping processes?" is best answered through unstructured decision making because it involves evaluating various factors such as cost, efficiency, and quality. Unstructured decision making allows for a more subjective and flexible approach, considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It requires analyzing the potential benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing, considering the specific needs and goals of the organization. This decision may involve input from multiple stakeholders and requires careful consideration of the long-term implications.

A data warehouse is a system that takes data from various data manufacturers, such as different sources or databases, and performs tasks like cleaning, processing, and transforming the data into a consistent format. Once the data is prepared, it is then stored in the data warehouse for further analysis and reporting purposes. This allows organizations to have a centralized and structured repository of data that can be easily accessed and utilized for decision-making and business intelligence.

Unsupervised data mining refers to the process of analyzing data without any prior knowledge or guidance. In this approach, analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis. Instead, they allow the algorithms to discover patterns, relationships, and structures within the data on their own. This method is often used when the objective is to explore and gain insights from the data without any specific predetermined goals or hypotheses.

Hyper-social knowledge management refers to the use of social media and related applications to manage and deliver organizational knowledge resources. This approach leverages the power of social media platforms to facilitate collaboration, information sharing, and knowledge exchange among employees and stakeholders. By integrating social media tools into knowledge management processes, organizations can tap into the collective intelligence of their workforce, enhance communication and collaboration, and improve the accessibility and usability of knowledge resources. This helps to foster a more dynamic and interactive knowledge-sharing environment, leading to increased innovation, productivity, and organizational learning.

Collaboration is a process where individuals work together towards a common goal. One primary purpose of collaboration is to become informed. When individuals collaborate, they share information, ideas, and knowledge with each other, which helps them gain a better understanding of the subject matter or problem at hand. By sharing information and insights, collaboration allows individuals to learn from each other's expertise and perspectives, leading to better decision-making and problem-solving. Therefore, becoming informed is a key objective of collaboration.

Diseconomies of scale refer to the situation where adding more resources to a production process leads to inefficiencies. This occurs when the cost per unit of output increases as the scale of production increases. In other words, the benefits of increasing production size diminish and costs rise. This can be due to factors such as coordination difficulties, communication problems, and increased bureaucracy. As a result, diseconomies of scale can lead to decreased efficiency and higher costs for a company.

Strategic decisions are high-level decisions that have a significant impact on the overall direction and success of an organization. These decisions involve long-term planning, setting goals, and allocating resources. Due to their importance and complexity, strategic decisions require input and collaboration from multiple stakeholders, such as top executives, department heads, and key decision-makers. Collaboration ensures that different perspectives and expertise are considered, leading to better-informed and more effective strategic decisions. On the other hand, operational, procedural, and managerial decisions are usually more routine and can be made by individuals or small teams without extensive collaboration.

Once a defined project is determined to be feasible in the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), the immediate next step is to form the project team. This is because the project team is responsible for executing the project plan, coordinating tasks, and ensuring successful project completion. By forming the project team early on, the necessary resources can be allocated, roles and responsibilities can be assigned, and the project can move forward effectively.

The statement is false because implementing multi-user database processing does not resolve the lost-update problem. The lost-update problem refers to a situation where one user's updates are overwritten by another user's updates, resulting in data inconsistency. To resolve this problem, techniques like locking, timestamping, or optimistic concurrency control need to be implemented in the database system.

Version-management systems track changes to shared documents. These systems allow multiple users to collaborate on a document by keeping track of any modifications made to it. This ensures that all changes are recorded and can be easily identified and reviewed. By tracking changes, version-management systems provide a clear history of the document, allowing users to revert to previous versions if needed. This feature is particularly useful in situations where multiple people are working on the same document, as it helps to avoid conflicts and ensure the accuracy and integrity of the final document.

A sales report that is current, as of the time the user accessed it on a Web server, is an example of a dynamic report. This is because a dynamic report is one that is constantly updated and reflects the most recent data available. In this case, the sales report is being generated in real-time and provides the user with the most up-to-date information at the time of access.

Kyra, as a plant supervisor, is responsible for the day-to-day operations and ensuring that the plant runs smoothly. By ordering 500 units of Type-2 steel beams for the coming month, she is making an operational decision. This decision is focused on the specific tasks and activities required to meet the immediate needs of the plant. It is not a strategic decision that would involve long-term planning or a managerial decision that would involve higher-level decision-making.

This is an example of synchronous communication. Margaret arranges for a multiparty text chatting session where all the participants can interact in real-time. Asynchronous communication would involve communication methods where participants do not have to be present at the same time, such as email or leaving messages on a shared platform.

Microsoft Access belongs to the category of Personal DBMS. Personal DBMS refers to database management systems that are designed for individual users or small-scale applications. Microsoft Access is a desktop-based database management system that allows users to create and manage databases on their personal computers. It provides tools for creating tables, forms, queries, and reports, making it suitable for personal or small-scale data management needs.

The given correct answer is "structured." This is because the organization uses a specific formula to compute the reorder quantity of an item in inventory. A structured decision process refers to a systematic and well-defined approach to making decisions, often involving the use of predetermined rules or formulas. In this case, the organization follows a structured process by using a formula to determine the reorder quantity, ensuring consistency and efficiency in their inventory management.

A data mart is a data collection that focuses on a specific department or functional area of a business. It is designed to provide targeted and relevant information for analysis and decision-making purposes within that specific area. Unlike a data warehouse, which is a comprehensive and centralized repository of all organizational data, a data mart is smaller in scale and tailored to the needs of a specific department or functional area. It allows for easier and more efficient access to relevant data, enabling better insights and decision-making within that specific area of the business.

Purchased data refers to data that is acquired from external sources or vendors. This data may come from various databases, surveys, or other sources. Since this data is obtained from external parties, it is common for it to contain missing elements. These missing elements could be due to incomplete records, errors in data collection, or other factors. Therefore, it is true that purchased data often contains missing elements.

BI servers use metadata to determine what results to send to which users and on which schedule. Metadata provides information about the data stored in the BI system, such as its structure, format, and relationships. It helps the server understand the content and context of the data, enabling it to deliver the appropriate results to specific users based on their needs and preferences. By leveraging metadata, BI servers can efficiently manage and distribute data, ensuring that users receive accurate and relevant information on a timely basis.

The phase of defining requirements in the SDLC is considered the most important because it sets the foundation for the entire development process. This phase involves gathering and documenting the needs, goals, and expectations of the stakeholders. It helps in understanding the scope of the project, identifying potential risks, and ensuring that the final system meets the desired functionality. Without clear and well-defined requirements, it becomes difficult to proceed with the design, implementation, and maintenance of the system effectively. Thus, defining requirements is crucial for the success of the project.