Jonathan Edwards/Common Core/Writing Techniques

In the sermon, Edwards initially adopts a sorrowful tone as he describes the terrifying consequences of sin and the impending wrath of God. However, as the sermon progresses, his tone shifts to a more hopeful one. He starts to offer his audience a glimmer of hope by emphasizing the possibility of redemption and salvation through repentance. This change in tone from frightening to hopeful reflects Edwards's intention to instill fear in his listeners initially, but ultimately guide them towards a path of redemption and spiritual renewal.

The given answer explains that until a natural man believes in Christ, God is not obligated to protect him from eternal destruction. This implies that salvation and protection from damnation are dependent on one's faith in Christ. The quote suggests that no matter how much effort a person puts into religion or how many prayers they make, it is only through belief in Christ that they can be saved. Without this belief, God has no obligation to intervene and save them from eternal destruction.

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The correct answer is the continuation of Jonathan Edward's thoughts, specifically referring to the concept of a "lake of burning brimstone" that is extended abroad under the unconverted individuals in the congregation. This suggests that the purpose of discussing this awful subject is to awaken and warn those who are not yet converted to Christ about the potential consequences of their actions and beliefs.

Jonathan Edwards is stating that neither an individual's own prudence and care to protect their own life, nor the care of others to protect them, can guarantee their safety even for a moment. In other words, no matter how cautious and careful someone is, or how much others may try to protect them, they are still vulnerable to the uncertainties and dangers of life.

The answer is a continuation of Jonathan Edwards' thoughts, explaining that people often attribute their protection from hell to other factors such as their physical health, self-preservation, and personal efforts, rather than recognizing the hand of God in their salvation.

This sentence suggests that the devil is waiting for an opportunity to take hold of someone, and he will do so only when God allows him to. The phrase "at what moment God shall permit him" implies that the devil's actions are dependent on God's timing and permission.

God's creatures are good, and were made for men to serve God with, and do not willingly subserve to any other purpose, and groan when they are abused to purposes so directly contrary to their nature and end. This means that all of God's creations have a purpose and were intended to be used in service to God. They do not willingly serve any other purpose and express their dissatisfaction when they are misused for purposes that go against their inherent nature and intended purpose.

The given answer accurately completes the remaining portion of Jonathan Edwards' thoughts. It describes the black clouds as being "full of the dreadful storm, and big with thunder." The phrase suggests that a severe and terrifying punishment is imminent. Additionally, the answer states that if it were not for God's restraining hand, the punishment would immediately be unleashed. This implies that God's mercy and intervention are the only things preventing the impending wrath from being unleashed upon the people.

The wrath of God is compared to great waters that are dammed, which means that it is held back or restrained for a period of time. However, the longer it is held back, the more it builds up in intensity and strength. Once an outlet is given and the wrath is unleashed, it becomes even more powerful and unstoppable, just like a stream that has been stopped for a long time and then suddenly released. This analogy emphasizes the idea that God's wrath, if not restrained indefinitely, will eventually be unleashed with great force.

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The quote from Jonathan Edwards suggests that sinners are in great danger and are being held over a furnace of wrath. The remaining portion of the quote explains that this wrath is provoked and incensed as much against sinners as it is against the damned in hell. This implies that God's anger towards sinners is just as intense as it is towards those who have already been condemned to hell.

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Jonathan Edwards is suggesting that we, as human beings, are insignificant and unworthy to stand before God. He emphasizes God's power and authority by describing how the earth trembles and rocks are thrown down at His rebuke. This highlights the immense power and majesty of God, contrasting it with our own insignificance.

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Jonathan Edward's piece of literature provokes thoughts of sin and the underworld, making the reader ponder these ideas. The sermon is considered one of the greatest persuasive pieces of literature, as it evokes images of hate, despair, and sin. It suggests that no one is truly innocent and that belief in a higher power is important. This explanation supports the statement that the reader will find themselves pondering the idea of sin and the underworld after reading Jonathan Edward's piece of literature, making the answer "True".

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The passage describes how John Edwards sought to create a sense of ruthless honesty in his sermon, making the audience feel ashamed of their wrongdoings and sympathetic towards others who may also be guilty of sin. The use of words and images like "hot" and "treacherous" instills fear even in innocent individuals. The passage also states that there is no argument about whether Jonathan Edwards succeeded in bringing his community closer through his sermon. Based on this information, it can be inferred that the statement "Jonathan Edward could have very well written the most persuasive piece of literature known to man" is true.

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The sentence that comes after the given statement is the exact same sentence that completes Jonathan Edwards' statement. It further elaborates on the meaning of "the mere pleasure of God," explaining that it refers to God's sovereign pleasure and arbitrary will, which is not restricted by any obligation or difficulty. It emphasizes that God's will alone is responsible for the preservation of wicked men in hell.

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The sentence that comes after the given statement is "By the mere pleasure of God, I mean his sovereign pleasure, his arbitrary will, restrained by no obligation, hindered by no manner of difficulty, any more than if nothing else but God’s mere will had in the least degree, or in any respect whatsoever, any hand in the preservation of wicked men one moment." This sentence further elaborates on the concept of God's pleasure being the sole determinant of whether wicked men are kept out of hell or not. It emphasizes that God's pleasure is not influenced by any external factors and is the ultimate deciding factor in this matter.

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Edward's vivid descriptions of Hell are meant to evoke fear and terror in his audience. By painting a vivid picture of the horrors of Hell, he aims to instill a sense of dread and apprehension in his listeners. This technique is likely used to emphasize the consequences of sinful actions and to encourage his audience to lead a righteous life.

The given statement is true. The passage mentions that Edwards's sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," was his most famous sermon and that he stunned his listeners with a graphic picture of the uncertain nature of life and the eternal punishment awaiting unrepentant sinners. This suggests that Edwards did indeed have a "fire and brimstone" approach to salvation, emphasizing the consequences of sin and the need for repentance. Therefore, the statement is true.

The central message of the sermon is that the only hope for salvation is through Christian rebirth. This means that the speaker is emphasizing the belief that individuals can only be saved and achieve salvation by accepting Jesus Christ as their savior and being born again in a spiritual sense. This message suggests that good deeds and constant prayer are not sufficient for salvation, but rather a personal transformation and acceptance of Christian beliefs are necessary.

Jonathan Edwards used vivid and terrifying imagery in his sermons to scare his audience into repentance and salvation. The images he used were meant to invoke fear and a sense of impending doom. A bow and arrow ready to pierce one's heart symbolizes the immediate danger and the potential for sudden death. Flood waters held back by God's hand represent the power of God to unleash destruction and judgment. A lake of burning brimstone signifies the eternal torment and punishment awaiting sinners in hell. However, a wide, gaping canyon does not fit the theme of immediate danger or divine judgment, and therefore it is not an image used by Jonathan Edwards to scare his audience.

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning. He had a notable ancestor, John Hathorne, who was the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented. To distance himself from this relation, Nathaniel added a "w" to his last name. He published several short stories, which he later collected in a book called "Twice-Told Tales". In 1838, he got engaged to Sophia Peabody and later married her in 1842. Hawthorne's works are considered part of the Romantic movement, specifically Dark Romanticism. His writings often explore themes of inherent evil and sin in humanity and contain moral messages and psychological complexity. He published novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.

In his sermon, Edwards uses fear and intimidation to frighten his congregation into realizing the urgency of returning to Puritanism and seeking salvation. He emphasizes the consequences of sin and the wrath of God, aiming to instill a sense of urgency and repentance in his listeners. By creating a sense of fear and urgency, Edwards hopes to motivate his congregation to take immediate action and seek redemption.

Edwards presents God as often angry and vengeful, suggesting that God is quick to anger and seeks revenge on those who have wronged Him. This portrayal of God implies a sense of wrath and punishment for those who do not follow His commandments. It suggests that God's emotions are often negative and that He is not hesitant in expressing His anger towards humanity.

The given answer explains that in literary theory, a text can refer to any object that can be "read," including works of literature, street signs, arrangements of buildings, or styles of clothing. It emphasizes that a text is a coherent set of signs that transmits an informative message, and that the symbols within the text are considered based on the content of the message rather than their physical form or medium of representation. Additionally, within the field of literary criticism, "text" refers to the original information content of a piece of writing, excluding any alterations, deterioration, commentary, translations, or paratext. It also mentions that the concept of a text became relevant when a coherent written message needed to be referred to independently of its creation circumstances.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the passage states that John Edward's sermon was unbelievably moving and harsh, causing the congregation to feel unworthy of God's love or appreciation. The imagery used in the sermon, such as "fiery pits of despair," instills fear and a sense of reality that no one is guaranteed their future. This suggests that the statement "John Edward's sermon was unbelievably moving and harsh" is true.

The passage provides information about Jonathan Edwards' birthplace, his intellectual abilities at a young age, his marriage to Sarah Pierpont, his career in the ministry at Northampton, Massachusetts, and his academic achievements at Yale College. It also mentions his interest in the works of Isaac Newton and John Locke. Overall, the passage gives a brief overview of Jonathan Edwards' background, education, and personal life.

The Great Awakening was indeed started by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. These two influential figures were key leaders in the religious revival movement that swept through the American colonies in the 18th century. Jonathan Edwards, a Congregationalist preacher, played a significant role in sparking the revival with his powerful sermons emphasizing the need for personal conversion and repentance. George Whitefield, an English Anglican minister, further fueled the movement with his charismatic preaching style and ability to draw large crowds. Together, Edwards and Whitefield were instrumental in igniting the spiritual fervor that characterized the Great Awakening.

The use of a biblical quotation at the end of Edwards's sermon strengthens his argument by associating it with an authority respected by the audience. By quoting from the Bible, Edwards is appealing to the religious beliefs and values of the audience, as the Bible is considered a sacred text and a source of divine authority. This helps to lend credibility to Edwards's argument and make it more persuasive to the audience.

Edwards compares each of his listeners to "a spider or some loathsome insect held over the fire" to emphasize the powerlessness of human beings in comparison to God. This metaphor suggests that just as a spider or insect has no control or ability to escape when held over a fire, humans are similarly powerless and insignificant in the face of God's immense power and authority. It highlights the vast difference in strength and control between humans and God, emphasizing the need for humility and submission to God's will.

The text "Gallup Poll Results on Religion" is considered a non-print text because it is a video from Gallup, specifically titled "Americans Say More Religion in US Would Be Positive," which suggests that it is a multimedia source rather than a traditional printed text.

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The items considered Materials and Resources in this context are accountable talk, Socratic Seminars, Dialectal journals, small-group lessons, and SOAPSTone. These are all instructional materials and strategies that can be used to facilitate learning and discussions related to the theme of religious influences in the United States.

The given answer correctly completes Jonathan Edwards' thoughts by stating that the foolish children of men delude themselves in their own schemes and have confidence in their own strength and wisdom. They trust in nothing but a shadow, implying that their trust is misplaced and based on something that is not substantial or real. This suggests that Edwards believes that human beings often deceive themselves and rely on false beliefs or illusions rather than seeking true wisdom and understanding.

The texts "The Devil and Tom Walker" by Washington Irving and "The Minister's Black Veil" by Nathaniel Hawthorne are considered literary texts.