Jonathan Edwards/Common Core/Writing Techniques

Toward the end of the sermon, Edwards's tone shifts from

• Sorrowful to joyous

• Frightening to hopeful

• Joyous to resentful

• Sympathetic to bitter

That they were always exposed to destruction; (What sentence comes after this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' statement?) (page 2)

After reading Jonathan Edward's piece of literature, the reader will find himself or herself pondering the idea of sin and the underworld. John Edward's sermon was undoubtedly one of the greatest persuasive pieces of literature ever written. Provoking thoughts of flood gates of hate, bottomless pits of despair, and spider webs of sin, the reader (or listener) will come to find that no one is truly innocent, and that every human being should believe in a higher power. 

• True

• False

Nothing can even be used to compare the sense of ruthless honesty that John Edwards sought in his sermon. Not only does the audience feel almost ashamed of their wrongdoings, they begin to feel sympathetic and empathetic to all those around them who may be just as guilty of sin as they are. Words and images such as "hot" and "treacherous" give even the most innocent person a sense of fear. There is no argument as to whether or not Jonathan Edward's succeeded in his attempts to draw his community closer together through his sermon. After listening to the brutal honesty and insight from John, most people left the sermon feeling as though they were indebted to God. Jonathan Edward could have very well written the most persuasive piece of literature known to man.

• True

• False

The observation from the words that I would now insist upon is this. “There is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment out of hell, but the mere pleasure of God. (What sentence comes after this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' statement?) (page 2)

The observation from the words that I would now insist upon is this. “There is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment out of hell, but the mere pleasure of God." (What sentence comes after this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' statement?) (page 2)

What are we, that we should think to stand before him (type the remainder of the question to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 3). 

Yea, God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth: (type in the remainder of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edward's thoughts) (page 3). 

The devil stands ready to fall upon them, (type the remainder of the sentence) (page 3). 

Natural men’s prudence and care to preserve their own lives, (type the remaining portion of this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 4). 

I intended to take effectual care; but it came upon me unexpected; (type in the remaining portion of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edward's thoughts) (page 4)

So that, whatever some have imagined and pretended about promises made to natural men’s earnest seeking and knocking, it is plain and manifest, that whatever pains a natural man takes in religion, whatever prayers he makes, (type in the remaining portion of Jonathan Edward's quote.) (page 5)

The use of this awful subject may be for  awakening  unconverted  persons  in  this congregation. This that you have heard is the case of every one of you that are out of Christ.—That world of misery, (type in the remaining portion of Jonathan Edward's thoughts) (page 5)

You probably are not sensible of this; you find you are kept out of hell, but do not see the hand of God in it; (type in the remaining portion of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 5)

God’s creatures are good, and were made for men to serve God with, and do not willingly subserve to any other purpose, (type in the remaining portion of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts). (page 5)

There are black clouds of God’s wrath now hanging directly over your heads, (type in the remaining portion of Jonathan Edward's thoughts). (page 5)

The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, (type in the remaining portion of Jonathan Edwards' quote) (page 6). 

The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked: (type the remaining portion of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edward's thoughts. (page 5)

O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, (type the remaining portion of the quote to complete Jonathan Edward's thoughts). (page 6)

The subject that very much enrages an arbitrary  prince, (please type the entire sentence completing Edward Jonathan's quote). (page 7). 

Please type the remaining portion of this quote: Consider this, you that are here present, that yet remain in an unregenerate state. That God (page 7). 

“What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endure with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction?” And seeing this is his (complete this quote). (page 8)

Please complete this quote: Thus it will be with you that are in an unconverted state. (page 8)

Please complete this quote: And now you have an extraordinary opportunity. (page 9)

All of the following are images used by Jonathan Edwards to scare his audience EXCEPT

• A bow and arrow ready to pierce one's heart

• Flood waters held back by God's hand

• A wide, gaping canyon

• A lake of burning brimstone

What is the central message of the sermon?

• There is no hope for salvation.

• The only hope for salvation is in good deeds.

• The only hope for salvation is through Christian rebirth.

• Sinners can save their souls through constant prayer.

Edwards's "fire and brimstone" approach to salvation reached a peak in 1741, when he delivered his most famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." Edwards stunned his listeners with a graphic picture of the uncertain nature of life and the eternal punishment awaiting unrepentant sinners.

• True

• False

Our next pieces in class are, "The Minister's Veil" and "The Scarlet Letter" Read the passage below and check all boxes that describe Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne" in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824,^[1] and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828; he later tried to suppress it, feeling it was not equal to the standard of his later work.^[2] He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letterwas published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, and was survived by his wife and their three children.Much of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, Dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.

• He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning.

• His ancestors include John Hathorne, the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne" in order to hide this relation.

• He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842.

• His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, Dark romanticism.

• His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.

• Around that time he married Sarah Pierpont, daughter of one of the founders of Yale and granddaughter of Thomas Hooker, who established the colony of Connecticut. They were married for over thirty years and had eleven children.

As a preacher, Edwards uses his sermon to

• Raise money for his church

• Frighten his congregation into seizing the opportunity to come back to Puritanism and to receive salvation

• Persuade his congregation to revolt against England

• Uplift his congregation, so that they will believe in God

Edwards presents God as a being who

• Is often angry and vengeful

• Continually redefines the universe

• Enjoys human suffering and misery

• Easily forgives repentant sinners

Which items apply to a literary text--please check all that apply: In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read," whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message.[1] This set of symbols is considered in terms of the informative message's content, rather than in terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented.Within the field of literary criticism, "text" also refers to the original information content of a particular piece of writing; that is, the "text" of a work is that primal symbolic arrangement of letters as originally composed, apart from later alterations, deterioration, commentary, translations, paratext, etc. Therefore, when literary criticism is concerned with the determination of a "text," it is concerned with the distinguishing of the original information content from whatever has been added to or subtracted from that content as it appears in a given textual document (that is, a physical representation of text).Since the history of writing predates the concept of the "text", most texts were not written with this concept in mind. Most written works fall within a narrow range of the types described by text theory. The concept of "text" becomes relevant if and when a "coherent written message is completed and needs to be referred to independently of the circumstances in which it was created."[citation needed]

• In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read," whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message.

• This set of symbols is considered in terms of the informative message's content, rather than in terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented.

• Within the field of literary criticism, "text" also refers to the original information content of a particular piece of writing; that is, the "text" of a work is that primal symbolic arrangement of letters as originally composed, apart from later alterations, deterioration, commentary, translations, paratext, etc.

• Since the history of writing predates the concept of the "text", most texts were not written with this concept in mind. Most written works fall within a narrow range of the types described by text theory.

• One aspect of the Common Core State Standards that has received a great deal of attention is the increased focus on informational texts.

John Edward's sermon was unbelievably moving and harsh. While listening to the sermon, the congregation felt as though no one in the entire town was worthy of God's love or appreciation. The imagery depicted by the words in Edward's sermon such as "fiery pits of despair" to describe the underground world, give those listening a great sense of fear and reality that no one is guaranteed their future. 

• True

• False

Read the passage below--check off all that apply to Jonathan Edwards:Jonathan Edwards was born in 1703 in Windsor (now East Windsor), Connecticut. He was the only son of Timothy Edwards, a clergyman in the Congregational Church, and Ester Stoddard Edwards, daughter of Solomon Stoddard, a famous preacher. At an early age Edwards began to show substantial intellectual gifts. By the time he was twelve years old, for instance, he read the works of English mathematician Isaac Newton and gathered information on rainbows and spiders, which he included in essays he wrote to prove the goodness and wisdom of the Creator (God). Less than a year later he began his studies at Yale College, in New Haven, Connecticut.A quiet and studious young man, Edwards did not join in the boisterous pranks of his classmates. Instead, he studied the works of English philosopher John Locke and deepened his knowledge of Newton. In 1720 Edwards graduated at the top his class. He remained at Yale for two years of theological study, then preached for a year at a Presbyterian church in New York City. In 1724 he returned to Yale as a tutor. Three years later Edwards joined his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, in the ministry at Northampton, Massachusetts. Around that time he married Sarah Pierpont, daughter of one of the founders of Yale and granddaughter of Thomas Hooker, who established the colony of Connecticut. They were married for over thirty years and had eleven children.

• Jonathan Edwards was born in 1703 in Windsor (now East Windsor), Connecticut

• At an early age Edwards began to show substantial intellectual gifts. By the time he was twelve years old, for instance, he read the works of English mathematician Isaac Newton and gathered information on rainbows and spiders, which he included in essays he wrote to prove the goodness and wisdom of the Creator (God).

• Three years later Edwards joined his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, in the ministry at Northampton, Massachusetts. Around that time he married Sarah Pierpont, daughter of one of the founders of Yale and granddaughter of Thomas Hooker, who established the colony of Connecticut. They were married for over thirty years and had eleven children.

• A quiet and studious young man, Edwards did not join in the boisterous pranks of his classmates. Instead, he studied the works of English philosopher John Locke and deepened his knowledge of Newton. In 1720 Edwards graduated at the top his class.

The Great Awakening was started by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield?

• True

• False

The use of a biblical quotation at the end of Edwards's sermon strengthens his argument by

• appealing to the audience's love of poetry

• Changing the tone of the sermon

• Emphasizing Edwards's point about God's mercy

• Associating it with an authority respected by the audience

Edwards compares each of his listeners to "a spider or some loathsome insect held over the fire" in order to stress a human being's

• Powerlessness in comparison to God

• Unimportance in God's plan

• Ugliness in God's eyes

• Courage in the face of God's wrath

Explain this passage using the RAGE + C concept: Question: What is Jonathan Edward's belief in the wrath of God and judgement (water and fury) from this passage?The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose. It is true, that judgment against your evil works has not been executed hitherto; the floods of God’s vengeance have been withheld; but your guilt in the mean time is constantly increasing, and you are every day treasuring up more wrath; the waters are constantly  rising,  and  waxing more and more mighty; and there is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, that holds the waters back, that are unwilling to be stopped, and press hard to go forward. If God should only withdraw his hand from the flood-gate, it would immediately fly open, and the fiery floods of the fierceness and wrath of God, would rush forth with inconceivable fury,  and would come upon you with omnipotent power; and if your strength were ten thousand times greater than it is, yea, ten thousand times greater than the strength of the stoutest, sturdiest devil in hell, it would be nothing to withstand or endure it.

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It implies, that they were always exposed to sudden unexpected destruction. As he that walks in slippery places is every moment liable to fall, he cannot foresee one moment whether he shall stand or fall the next; and when he does fall, he falls at once without warning: (What sentence comes after this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' statement?) (page 2)

Though hand join in hand, and vast multitudes of God’s enemies (What sentence that comes directly behind this to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts? (page 2) 

They are now the objects of that very same anger and wrath of God (type the answer that will complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 3). 

So that it is not because God is unmindful of their wickedness, and does not resent it (type in the remaining words from this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 3)

There are in the souls of wicked men those hellish principles reigning, that would presently kindle and flame out into hell fire, (type the remainder of the sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards' thoughts) (page 3)

But the foolish children of men miserably delude themselves in their own schemes, (type in the remaining portion of this sentence to complete Jonathan Edwards thoughts) (page 4). 

Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead, and to tend downwards with great weight and pressure towards hell; (type in the remaining portion of the quote to complete Jonathan Edward's thoughts). (page 5)