Animal Psychology Advanced - Qp2

Genes contain the genetic information that is present in an organism from the beginning of its life. This genetic information plays a crucial role in determining instinctive behaviors, as these behaviors are often influenced by genetic factors. Therefore, it is true to say that genes constitute a source of information responsible for instinctive behavior.

The word "bow" refers to a posture in which the dog's front end is lowered while the hind end is raised. This posture provides stability and allows the dog to move in multiple directions easily.

The statement provided accurately defines play as a range of voluntary activities that individuals engage in for their own enjoyment and pleasure. Play is typically intrinsically motivated, meaning that individuals participate in it because they find it personally satisfying and enjoyable. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct as it aligns with the given definition of play.

This statement suggests that any behavior that is instinctive is not influenced by prior experience but is instead driven by innate biological factors. In other words, instinctive behaviors are performed without the need for learning or previous knowledge. Therefore, the statement is true as it accurately describes the nature of instinctive behaviors.

During puberty, mammals experience a surge in hormones that often leads to increased energy and a desire for exploration and social interaction. This typically results in an increase in play behavior. However, as mammals mature and reach adulthood, their priorities shift towards other activities such as mating, parenting, and foraging for food. Consequently, the amount of time spent at play tends to decrease after puberty. Therefore, the statement that the amount of time spent at play for many mammals peaks around puberty and then drops off is true.

The statement suggests that the role of instincts in determining animal behavior is similar across different species. However, this is not true. While instincts play a crucial role in shaping animal behavior, the specific instincts and their influence can vary greatly between species. Different animals have evolved different instincts to adapt to their specific environments and fulfill their unique needs. Therefore, the role of instincts in determining behavior is not similar between species.

The explanation for the correct answer, which is False, is that young animals given "enriched" lives will generally have larger brains, not smaller. Enriched environments stimulate brain development and promote the growth of neural connections, leading to larger brain size. Additionally, these enriched environments also enhance learning skills and cognitive abilities in young animals.

The explanation for the answer "False" is that animals with small, simple brains are actually more governed by innate behavior patterns. This is because they have less capacity for learning and adapting to new situations, so they rely more heavily on instinctual behaviors.

The statement in the question is true. Instinct or innate behavior refers to the natural inclination of a living organism towards a specific simple behavior. Therefore, the correct answer should be "True".