Tes TOEFL

1. After (1)to have (2)won the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for A Bell for Adano, John Hersey (3)wrote a nonfiction book (4)about the bombing of Japan.

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2

3

4

to have ==> having
The Pattern: After + Verb-ing

Explanation

to have ==> having
The Pattern: After + Verb-ing

2. In , disk technology has made record albums almost obsolete.

The decade from

The decade since

The past decade

Decade ago the

Hal ini seharusnya sangat mudah, karena sangat umum digunakan.
Jika tidak biasa didapatkan gunakan rumus Noun Phrase (Adjective + Noun)

Explanation

Hal ini seharusnya sangat mudah, karena sangat umum digunakan.
Jika tidak biasa didapatkan gunakan rumus Noun Phrase (Adjective + Noun)

3. Jane has an excellent resume, she hasn't found a job yet.

However

Yet

That

Although

Terdapat dua cluse: clause 1 (Jane has an excellent resume), clause 2 (she hasn't found a job yet). Karena ada dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause tersebut. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada, hanya 'yet' dan 'although' yang merupakan connector. Pilihan 'yet' salah karena kata yet ketika menjadi connector berada di tengah clause atau di antara ke dua clause bukan di awal kalimat; yet masuk dalam coordinate connector. Pilihan paling tepat ialah
although'. Although masuk dalam kategori subordinate connector yang letaknya bisa di antara ke dua clause bisa juga depan kalimat.

Explanation

Terdapat dua cluse: clause 1 (Jane has an excellent resume), clause 2 (she hasn't found a job yet). Karena ada dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause tersebut. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada, hanya 'yet' dan 'although' yang merupakan connector. Pilihan 'yet' salah karena kata yet ketika menjadi connector berada di tengah clause atau di antara ke dua clause bukan di awal kalimat; yet masuk dalam coordinate connector. Pilihan paling tepat ialah
although'. Although masuk dalam kategori subordinate connector yang letaknya bisa di antara ke dua clause bisa juga depan kalimat.

4. Marie Curie (1)won two Nobel Prizes for (2)their discoveries of (3)radioactivity and (4)radioactive elements.

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2

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their ==> her

Explanation

their ==> her

5. The (1)name "America" (2)comes of Amerigo Vespucci, (3)who was a 16th-century (4)Italian explorer.

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comes of ==> comes from atau came from
The Pattern: come + from

Explanation

comes of ==> comes from atau came from
The Pattern: come + from

6. of New York's Erie Canal greatly enhanced trade in the upstate region.

The complete

Completing

A completing

The completion

Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas.

Explanation

Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk melengkapi kalimat di atas.

7. In Vermont, the sap (1)the maple (2)tree is the (3)primary ingredient (4)in producing maple syrup.

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the sap the maple tree ==> the sap of the maple tree

Explanation

the sap the maple tree ==> the sap of the maple tree

8. several universities that have excellent engineering schools.

There are

The

There is a lot of

Some of

Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause ditandai adanya connector 'that'. Clause 1 '—— several universities' kehilangan kata kerja. Clause 2 'that have excellent engineering schools' sudah lengkap. Subjectnya ialah that yang juga berfungsi sebagai connector.
Olehnya, kita butuh untuk melengkapi clause pertama yg kehilangan verb. Dari pilihan jawaban yg ada, hanya pilihan A dan C yg berisi verb. Pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan A.

Explanation

Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause ditandai adanya connector 'that'. Clause 1 '—— several universities' kehilangan kata kerja. Clause 2 'that have excellent engineering schools' sudah lengkap. Subjectnya ialah that yang juga berfungsi sebagai connector.
Olehnya, kita butuh untuk melengkapi clause pertama yg kehilangan verb. Dari pilihan jawaban yg ada, hanya pilihan A dan C yg berisi verb. Pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan A.

9. Quality, price, and (1)located (2)are often considered (3)to be the primary concerns (4)in buying a house.

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2

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located ==> location
The Pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel Structure)

Explanation

located ==> location
The Pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel Structure)

10. In the first few months of life, an infant learns how to lift its head, smile, and .

Parents to recognize

Recognize its parents

Recognizing its parents

The recognizing of its parents

Parallel Structure: lift (infinitive), smile (infinitive), and recognize (infinitive)

Explanation

Parallel Structure: lift (infinitive), smile (infinitive), and recognize (infinitive)

11. Juana Inez de la Cruz Mexico's greatest female poet.

Considered

Considered to be

Is considered to be

Is consideration

Yang dibutuhkan ialah verb untuk mengisi kalimat. Pilihan yang berisi verb lengkap sesuai makna kalimat ialah 'is considered to be'.

Explanation

Yang dibutuhkan ialah verb untuk mengisi kalimat. Pilihan yang berisi verb lengkap sesuai makna kalimat ialah 'is considered to be'.

12. There is (1)much bird migration above the equator, (2)where the Pole Star can be seen, than (3)below the equator, where (4)it cannot be seen.

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much ==> a

Explanation

much ==> a

13. (1)The brain is composed of a mass of (2)softly (3)gray matter in the skull (4)that controls our intelligence.

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4

softly ==> soft
The Pattern: Adverb + Adjective + Noun

Explanation

softly ==> soft
The Pattern: Adverb + Adjective + Noun

14. Woodrow Wilson believed the United States' entry into World War I would put a to the war in months.

To stop

Stop

Stopping

Will had stopped

article 'a' + noun
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya 'stop' yang merupakan kata benda (noun).

Explanation

article 'a' + noun
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya 'stop' yang merupakan kata benda (noun).

15. east of the Misisipi River.

Indigo was grown usually

Usually grown was Indigo

Indigo usually grown

Indigo was usually grown

Kata adverb (usually) umumnya terletak setelah helping verb BE (was).

Explanation

Kata adverb (usually) umumnya terletak setelah helping verb BE (was).

16. Some of the oldest and most widespread creation myths are involving the all-giving "Earth Mother."

Those

Them

They

Their

those mengarah ke subject kalimat yang plural (myths).

Explanation

those mengarah ke subject kalimat yang plural (myths).

17. The smallest hummingbirds (1)beat their wings 70 (2)times (3)a second and are about two (4)inched long.

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two inched long ==> two inches long

Explanation

two inched long ==> two inches long

18. The (1)developing of the submarine was hindered by (2)the lack of (3)a power source that (4)could propel an underwater vessel.

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2

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developing ==> development

Explanation

developing ==> development

19. The movement of (1)the stars was first noticed by (2)early travelers, (3)who used the stars to guide (4)its way across the sea.

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its ==> their

Explanation

its ==> their

20. (1)As the (2)numbered of nonnative speakers rises, the demand (3)for teachers of English as a second language (4)increases.

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2

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numbered -==> number
The pattern: the number of

Explanation

numbered -==> number
The pattern: the number of

21. The principal purpose of aviation medicine is by people aboard an airpcraft in flight.

To study the stress experienced

Study the experienced stress

To study stress experiencing

Study the stress experience

is to study (is + to infinitive) adalah bentuk umum / sudah sangat umum digunakan dalam kalimat.
to study the stress experienced (untuk memplejari tekanan yang dialami)

Explanation

is to study (is + to infinitive) adalah bentuk umum / sudah sangat umum digunakan dalam kalimat.
to study the stress experienced (untuk memplejari tekanan yang dialami)

22. Together (1)with his friend Little John, Robin Hood (2)are (3)fondly (4)remembered today by millions of people.

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are --> is
The Pattern: Singular Subject + Singular Verb

Explanation

are --> is
The Pattern: Singular Subject + Singular Verb

23. Although (1)most people believe that diamonds are the (2)costliest gems, emeralds are (3)actually the (4)valuablest.

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the valuablest ==> the most valuable

Explanation

the valuablest ==> the most valuable

24. (1)Best represented in a famous (2)oil painting by da Vinci, The Last Supper (3)it is an important part (4)of the history of Christianity.

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it ===> dihilangkan
The Pattern: Subject + Verb ===> Subject + it + Verb (Double Subjects)

Explanation

it ===> dihilangkan
The Pattern: Subject + Verb ===> Subject + it + Verb (Double Subjects)

25. The dwarf lemon tree, (1)grown in many areas of the world, (2)bears fruit when it is fewer (3)than six inches in (4)high.

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high ==> height
The Pattern: Preposition + Noun

Explanation

high ==> height
The Pattern: Preposition + Noun

26. (1)Those who have seen (2)what is (3)believed to be Noah's Ark say it is (4)the largest than a modern battleship.

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largest than --> larger than
The pattern:
- larger + than (more / ... er + than)
- the largest + in / of / that (the most / the ... est + in / of/ that)

Explanation

largest than --> larger than
The pattern:
- larger + than (more / ... er + than)
- the largest + in / of / that (the most / the ... est + in / of/ that)

27. In the 18th century, standard college curricula (1)included a heavy (2)emphasis on (3)classical, mathematics, and (4)religion.

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2

3

4

classical ==> classic
The pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel Structure)

Explanation

classical ==> classic
The pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel Structure)

28. One of the claims (1)made against science is (2)that data are often manipulated (3)to prove a scientist's thesis, rather than (4)studying it for possible contradictions.

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3

4

studying it ==> to study

Explanation

studying it ==> to study

29. what is now San Salvador, Christopher Columbus believed that he had found Japan.

He reached

When did he reach

Having reached

Whether he reached

Yang terlihat di kalimat, terdapat 3 clause dan dua connector (what & that). Clause 1 (what is now San Salvador), clause 2 (Christopher Columbus believed), clause 3 (he had found Japan).
Ingat prinsip kalimat bahasa Inggris: jika ada dua clause maka butuh 1 connector, 3 clause butuh 2 connector, dan 4 clause butuh 3 connector.
Pilihan 'He reached' salah karena terdapat 1 clause baru tanpa connector. Jika dimasukkan dalam kalimat maka akan terdapat 4 clause hanya dengan dua connector.
Pilihan 'When did he reach' salah karena menggunakan helping verb 'did'. Did ketika bersama WH Question (when) hanya digunakan dalam interrogative sentence.
Pilihan 'Whether he reached' salah karena whether bukanlah subordinate conjunction. Subordinate conjunction ialah conjunction atau connector yang bisa terletak di awal dan di pertengahan kalimat.

Explanation

Yang terlihat di kalimat, terdapat 3 clause dan dua connector (what & that). Clause 1 (what is now San Salvador), clause 2 (Christopher Columbus believed), clause 3 (he had found Japan).
Ingat prinsip kalimat bahasa Inggris: jika ada dua clause maka butuh 1 connector, 3 clause butuh 2 connector, dan 4 clause butuh 3 connector.
Pilihan 'He reached' salah karena terdapat 1 clause baru tanpa connector. Jika dimasukkan dalam kalimat maka akan terdapat 4 clause hanya dengan dua connector.
Pilihan 'When did he reach' salah karena menggunakan helping verb 'did'. Did ketika bersama WH Question (when) hanya digunakan dalam interrogative sentence.
Pilihan 'Whether he reached' salah karena whether bukanlah subordinate conjunction. Subordinate conjunction ialah conjunction atau connector yang bisa terletak di awal dan di pertengahan kalimat.

30. (1)Polluter is a topic of such (2)importance today that even elementary school children are (3)well informed about (4)its dangers.

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2

3

4

polluter ==> pollution

Explanation

polluter ==> pollution

31. Many Middle Eastern diplomats still feel that the United States is intent the ultimate police in the region.

To being

Being

Be

On being

Pasangan Phrase: intent + on

Explanation

Pasangan Phrase: intent + on

32. A leech, after the skin, is best removed by the application of either salt or heat.

It attaches itself to

Attaching it

Its attaching to

Where it attaches to

kata after menandakan adanya clause lain selain clause utama 'A leech is best removed by the application of either salt or heat'

Explanation

kata after menandakan adanya clause lain selain clause utama 'A leech is best removed by the application of either salt or heat'

33. Although scientists (1)have been successful (2)about finding treatments for cancer, they (3)haven't yet discovered (4)a cure.

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2

3

4

successful about finding --> successful in finding
The pattern: successful + about

Explanation

successful about finding --> successful in finding
The pattern: successful + about

34. (1)In the summer, An Arbor, along with Ypsilanti, Saline, and Pontiac, (2)are flooded with runaways (3)fleeing the boredom of their lives in Cincinnati and (4)its suburbs.

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2

3

4

are ==> is
The pattern: singular subject + plural verb

Explanation

are ==> is
The pattern: singular subject + plural verb

35. Because the metal mercury in direct proportion to temperature, it was once used as the indicator in common thermometers.

Is expanding

Expands

Is expanded

Expanded

Kita lihat terdapat 1 connector 'because' yang menandakan adanya dua clause. Clause 2 'it was once used as the indicator in common thermometers' sudah lengkap. Yang kita butuhkan ialah verb untuk melengkapi clause 1. Subject dari clause 1 ialah 'the metal mercury'. Dari segi makna ada dua piihan jawaban yang memungkinkan ialah 'expands' dan 'expanded'. Pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan 'expands' karena konteks dari clause 1 mengarah ke waktu sekarang (present tense).

Explanation

Kita lihat terdapat 1 connector 'because' yang menandakan adanya dua clause. Clause 2 'it was once used as the indicator in common thermometers' sudah lengkap. Yang kita butuhkan ialah verb untuk melengkapi clause 1. Subject dari clause 1 ialah 'the metal mercury'. Dari segi makna ada dua piihan jawaban yang memungkinkan ialah 'expands' dan 'expanded'. Pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan 'expands' karena konteks dari clause 1 mengarah ke waktu sekarang (present tense).

36. Although humans have (1)highly developed brains, (2)most animals have (3)more acute senses (4)than them.

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than them ==> than theirs

Explanation

than them ==> than theirs

37. (1)It is implicit in the Constitution of the United States (2)that everyone has (3)a right to (4)their privacy.

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2

3

4

their ==> his

Explanation

their ==> his

38. A recent article in The New York Times reported that the typical business graduate of 1990 is (1)less likely (2)to be willing to work long hours for the (3)sake of advancement than (4)their 1970 counterparts.

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2

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their ==> its

Explanation

their ==> its