Quiz | Engineer's Day

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  • 1/52 Questions

    What is the smallest unit of a digital picture?

    • Pixel
    • Picpart
    • Decainch
    • Millimetre
Please wait...
About This Quiz

Celebrate Engineer's Day with our engaging quiz! Test your knowledge on key IT concepts including operating systems, internet communication, databases, and digital imaging. Perfect for learners eager to assess their understanding in Information Technology.

Quiz | Engineers Day - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The octal number system has

    • Two different digits

    • Seven different Digits

    • Eight different digits

    • Ten different digits

    Correct Answer
    A. Eight different digits
    Explanation
    The octal number system consists of eight different digits, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. This is because in octal, each digit represents a power of 8, ranging from 0 to 7. Therefore, there are eight unique digits available in the octal number system.

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  • 3. 

    Which of these is a method of photographing bones?

    • Alpha Rays

    • Gamma Rays

    • X-rays

    • Q-rays

    Correct Answer
    A. X-rays
    Explanation
    X-rays is a method of photographing bones. X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that can pass through the body, but are absorbed by denser materials such as bones. When an X-ray machine is used, a beam of X-rays is directed towards the body, and the image produced shows the bones as white areas, allowing doctors to detect fractures, tumors, or other abnormalities. This method is commonly used in medical imaging to diagnose and monitor bone conditions.

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  • 4. 

    In navigation, what does the abbreviation “G.P.S.” stand for?

    • Greater Place Selector

    • Global Positioning System

    • Graded Particle System

    • Global People System

    Correct Answer
    A. Global Positioning System
    Explanation
    The abbreviation "G.P.S." stands for Global Positioning System. This system is used in navigation to accurately determine the position of an object or person on the Earth's surface. It relies on a network of satellites that transmit signals to GPS receivers, which then calculate the receiver's precise location based on the time it takes for the signals to reach the receiver. This technology has become widely used in various applications, including navigation devices, smartphones, and vehicle tracking systems.

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  • 5. 

    A database format, what do the letters “S.Q.L.” stands for?

    • Structured Query Links

    • Structured Query Language

    • Structured Question Language

    • Shrewd Query Language

    Correct Answer
    A. Structured Query Language
    Explanation
    SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a standard programming language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. SQL allows users to create, modify, and retrieve data from databases. It is widely used in database management systems and plays a crucial role in data analysis and data management.

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  • 6. 

    RADAR stands for?

    • Radio Detection and Ranging

    • Radio Discovery and Ranging

    • Radio Distributor and Receiver

    • Radio Distance Analyzing Receiver

    Correct Answer
    A. Radio Detection and Ranging
    Explanation
    RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system that uses radio waves to detect and determine the distance, direction, and speed of objects. The term "detection" refers to the ability of radar to detect the presence of objects, while "ranging" refers to the ability to determine the distance to the objects. This technology is commonly used in various fields such as aviation, weather forecasting, and military applications.

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  • 7. 

    The unit of voltage is the ________ and the symbol for voltage is _____.

    • Joule, V

    • Coulomb, L

    • Volt, V

    • Volt, Q

    Correct Answer
    A. Volt, V
    Explanation
    The unit of voltage is the volt, which is represented by the symbol V. Voltage is a measure of the electric potential difference between two points in a circuit. It represents the force or pressure that drives electric current through a conductor. The joule is a unit of energy, and the coulomb is a unit of electric charge. Therefore, the correct answer is volt, V.

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  • 8. 

    What would you use VOIP to do on a computer?

    • Change Operating System

    • Download Software

    • Make phone calls over the internet

    • Build a website

    Correct Answer
    A. Make phone calls over the internet
    Explanation
    VOIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, which is a technology that allows users to make phone calls over the internet instead of using traditional telephone lines. It converts voice signals into digital data and transmits them over the internet to the recipient. Therefore, using VOIP on a computer enables individuals to make phone calls over the internet, making it the correct answer in this case.

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  • 9. 

     You can extend battery life by storing batteries at a low temperature.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Storing batteries at a low temperature can indeed extend their battery life. Cold temperatures slow down the chemical reactions that occur inside the battery, reducing the rate of self-discharge. This means that batteries stored in a cool environment will retain their charge for a longer period of time. However, it is important to note that extreme cold temperatures can also cause damage to the battery, so it is best to store them in a moderately cool environment.

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  • 10. 

    Which is most commonly used transmission-line with television system?

    • Twin-lead

    • Open-wire with ceramic supports

    • Coaxial Cable

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. Coaxial Cable
    Explanation
    Coaxial cable is the most commonly used transmission-line with television systems because it offers excellent signal quality and low signal loss. It consists of a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer. This design helps to minimize interference and maintain signal integrity over long distances. Coaxial cable is also easy to install and has a wide frequency range, making it suitable for transmitting high-quality video and audio signals. Twin-lead and open-wire with ceramic supports are less commonly used due to their higher susceptibility to interference and signal loss.

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  • 11. 

    What scientist is well known for his theory of relativity?

    • Planck

    • Einstein

    • Newton

    • Schrodinger

    Correct Answer
    A. Einstein
    Explanation
    Einstein is well known for his theory of relativity. His theory revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. It introduced the concept that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. This theory has been confirmed by numerous experiments and is considered one of the fundamental pillars of modern physics. Einstein's theory of relativity has had a profound impact on various fields, including astrophysics, cosmology, and the development of technologies like GPS.

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  • 12. 

    If four 9V batteries are connected series-aiding, the total is 36V.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    When batteries are connected in series-aiding, their voltages add up. Since each of the four 9V batteries has a voltage of 9V, when they are connected in series-aiding, the total voltage will be 9V + 9V + 9V + 9V = 36V. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 13. 

    An ideal power supply characterized by

    • Very large output resistance

    • Very small output resistance

    • Zero internal resistance

    • Infinite internal resistance

    Correct Answer
    A. Zero internal resistance
    Explanation
    An ideal power supply with zero internal resistance means that it can deliver the maximum amount of current to the load without any loss due to resistance within the power supply itself. This implies that the voltage at the output terminals will remain constant regardless of the current drawn by the load. In practical terms, this would mean that the power supply can provide a stable and consistent voltage to the connected devices, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.

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  • 14. 

    A Zener diode is used for

    • Voltage Regulation

    • Rectification

    • Noise Suppression

    • Blocking A.C.

    Correct Answer
    A. Voltage Regulation
    Explanation
    A Zener diode is specifically designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region, where it exhibits a controlled and stable voltage drop across its terminals. This characteristic makes it ideal for voltage regulation applications. By connecting a Zener diode in parallel with a load, it can maintain a constant voltage across the load even when the input voltage fluctuates. This makes it useful in various electronic devices and circuits that require a stable voltage supply, such as power supplies, voltage references, and voltage regulators.

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  • 15. 

    An antenna that radiates uniformly in all directions is called

    • Hertzian dipole

    • Isotropic Antenna

    • Half-Wave Dipole

    • Helical Antenna

    Correct Answer
    A. Isotropic Antenna
    Explanation
    An isotropic antenna is an antenna that radiates uniformly in all directions. It is a theoretical concept used as a reference for comparing the performance of other antennas. Unlike practical antennas, which have directional radiation patterns, an isotropic antenna radiates equally in all directions, making it an idealized model for theoretical calculations and analysis.

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  • 16. 
    The image below is an electrical symbol for ________ ? - ProProfs

    The image below is an electrical symbol for ________ ?

    Correct Answer
    Ground
    ground
    Explanation
    The image provided is a common electrical symbol used to represent "ground" in electrical circuits. Grounding is an important safety measure that involves connecting electrical equipment and systems to the earth's surface, providing a path for electrical current to flow safely into the ground in the event of a fault or surge. The symbol consists of a horizontal line with three downward pointing lines branching out, representing the connection to the earth. The term "ground" is commonly used to refer to this symbol and the concept it represents in electrical engineering.

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  • 17. 

    A PNP transistor generally made of 

    • Silicon

    • Germanium

    • Either silicon or germanium

    • None of mentioned

    Correct Answer
    A. Either silicon or germanium
    Explanation
    A PNP transistor can be made of either silicon or germanium. Both silicon and germanium are commonly used as semiconductor materials in transistor manufacturing. The choice of material depends on various factors such as cost, performance requirements, and manufacturing processes. Both silicon and germanium have different electrical properties and temperature characteristics, which can affect the performance of the transistor in different ways. Therefore, either silicon or germanium can be used to make a PNP transistor.

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  • 18. 

    Solar cells use _____ to turn light energy into electrical energy.

    • Electromagnetics

    • Semiconductors

    • Superelements

    • Superconductors

    Correct Answer
    A. Semiconductors
    Explanation
    Solar cells use semiconductors to turn light energy into electrical energy. Semiconductors have properties that allow them to absorb photons from sunlight, which excite electrons and create an electric current. The most commonly used semiconductor material in solar cells is silicon. When sunlight hits the silicon, it knocks loose electrons, creating a flow of electricity. This process, known as the photovoltaic effect, is what allows solar cells to generate electricity from sunlight.

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  • 19. 

    Internally, a computer’s binary data are almost always transmitted on parallel channels, commonly referred as the:

    • Parallel bus

    • Data bus

    • Serial bus

    • Memory bus

    Correct Answer
    A. Data bus
    Explanation
    A computer's binary data is transmitted on parallel channels, which are commonly referred to as the data bus. The data bus allows for the simultaneous transfer of multiple bits of data, increasing the speed and efficiency of data transmission within the computer. This parallel transmission of data is essential for the computer to process and execute instructions quickly and accurately.

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  • 20. 

    E = mc2 is a famous equation by Einstein where c equivalent to?

    • 299,792,458 m/s

    • 2.71828182846

    • 1.61619997X10-35 meters

    • 3.14159265359 units

    Correct Answer
    A. 299,792,458 m/s
    Explanation
    The equation E=mc^2 is a famous equation in physics, formulated by Albert Einstein. In this equation, c represents the speed of light in a vacuum. The correct answer is 299,792,458 m/s, which is the exact value of the speed of light.

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  • 21. 

    How many terminals does a Bi-polar Junction Transistor have?

    • 3

    • 4

    • 2

    • 1

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    A Bi-polar Junction Transistor (BJT) has three terminals. These terminals are called the emitter, base, and collector. The emitter is responsible for emitting or releasing the majority charge carriers, the base controls the flow of current between the emitter and collector, and the collector collects the majority charge carriers. Therefore, a BJT has three terminals for the different functions it performs.

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  • 22. 

    #FFFFFF form what color?

    • White

    • Black

    • Red

    • Green

    Correct Answer
    A. White
    Explanation
    The hexadecimal color code #FFFFFF represents the color white. In web design and coding, colors are often represented using hexadecimal codes, where each color is assigned a combination of six alphanumeric characters. In this case, the code #FFFFFF represents the maximum value for each of the red, green, and blue color channels, resulting in pure white.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following is a universal gate?

    • AND

    • OR

    • NOR

    • XOR

    Correct Answer
    A. NOR
    Explanation
    A NOR gate is considered a universal gate because it can be used to implement any logic function. It can be used to create an AND gate by connecting the inputs to the NOR gate in series, and then connecting the output of the NOR gate to another NOR gate. Similarly, it can be used to create an OR gate by connecting the inputs to the NOR gate in parallel, and then connecting the output of the NOR gate to another NOR gate. Therefore, a NOR gate can be used to implement any logic function, making it a universal gate.

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  • 24. 

    What does the IT abbreviation “D.O.S.” stand for?

    • Dry Ordering Service

    • Dual Operating System

    • Disk Operating System

    • Disk Ordering System

    Correct Answer
    A. Disk Operating System
    Explanation
    The IT abbreviation "D.O.S." stands for Disk Operating System.

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  • 25. 

    Complete the missing words:The integration of large numbers of tiny __________ into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using electronic components.

    • Vacuum tubes

    • Transistors

    • Circuits

    • Devices

    Correct Answer
    A. Transistors
    Explanation
    The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using electronic components. Transistors are small electronic devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and are crucial components in modern electronic devices. Their miniaturization and integration into chips allowed for the development of smaller, more efficient, and more powerful electronic devices.

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  • 26. 

    An OR gate has 4 inputs. One input is high and the other three are low. The output is

    • Low

    • High

    • Alternatively high and low

    • Alternatively high and low

    Correct Answer
    A. High
    Explanation
    In an OR gate, the output will be high if any of the inputs are high. In this scenario, one of the inputs is high while the other three are low. Since at least one input is high, the output of the OR gate will be high.

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  • 27. 

    Both OR and AND gates can only have two inputs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The given statement is false because while AND gates can only have two inputs, OR gates can have more than two inputs.

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  • 28. 

    Select the one that is a acceptor impurity element

    • Antimony

    • Gallium

    • Arsenic

    • Phosphorous

    Correct Answer
    A. Gallium
    Explanation
    Gallium is the acceptor impurity element among the options given. When added to a semiconductor material, it creates "holes" in the valence band, which act as positive charge carriers. This process is known as p-type doping. Antimony, arsenic, and phosphorus, on the other hand, are donor impurities that introduce extra electrons into the material, creating n-type doping.

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  • 29. 

    A solar cell provide an example of 

    • Photo Voltaic Cell

    • Photo Conductive Cell

    • Photo Emissive

    • Photo Radiation cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Photo Voltaic Cell
    Explanation
    A solar cell provides an example of a Photo Voltaic Cell. A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, converts sunlight directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. When sunlight hits the solar cell, it excites electrons in the cell's semiconductor material, creating an electric current. This process is known as photovoltaic effect, which is the basis of solar energy generation. Therefore, a solar cell is a practical application of a photo voltaic cell.

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  • 30. 

    Tuned voltage amplifiers are not used

    • Radio Receivers

    • In public address system

    • TV Recievers

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. In public address system
    Explanation
    Tuned voltage amplifiers are not used in public address systems. This is because public address systems typically require a wide frequency range to accommodate various types of audio signals. Tuned voltage amplifiers are designed to amplify a specific frequency or a narrow range of frequencies, making them less suitable for the diverse range of audio signals in a public address system. Instead, public address systems usually use wideband amplifiers that can amplify a wide range of frequencies accurately and efficiently.

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  • 31. 

    The most commonly used semiconductor material is

    • Silicon

    • Germanium

    • Mixture of Silicon and Germanium

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Silicon
    Explanation
    Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor material because it has several desirable properties for electronic devices. It is abundant, relatively inexpensive, and has a high melting point. Silicon also has a stable crystal structure and can easily be doped with impurities to create either n-type or p-type semiconductors. These characteristics make silicon an ideal material for manufacturing transistors, diodes, and other electronic components used in a wide range of applications, from computers to smartphones.

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  • 32. 

    Binary multiplication is done using

    • Two’s Complement

    • One’s Complement

    • Shift and Add

    • Successive Subtraction

    Correct Answer
    A. Shift and Add
    Explanation
    Binary multiplication is done using the shift and add method. In this method, one of the numbers is shifted to the left and then added to the other number. This process is repeated until all the bits of the shifted number are used. The result is obtained by adding all the partial products. This method is efficient and widely used in computer systems for performing binary multiplication operations.

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  • 33. 

    The internal impedence of an ideal current source is 

    • Zero

    • Low

    • High

    • Infinity

    Correct Answer
    A. Zero
    Explanation
    The internal impedance of an ideal current source is zero because an ideal current source is assumed to have an infinite amount of power available to maintain a constant current regardless of the load connected to it. This means that the internal impedance of the current source is negligible and can be considered as zero.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following is ferromagnetic material

    • Copper

    • Palladium

    • Silver

    • Cobalt

    Correct Answer
    A. Cobalt
    Explanation
    Cobalt is a ferromagnetic material because it possesses a strong spontaneous magnetization and can retain a magnetic field. It is one of the few elements that have this property, along with iron and nickel. Copper, palladium, and silver are not ferromagnetic materials and do not exhibit strong magnetic properties.

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  • 35. 

    In a transistor the region that is very lightly  doped and is very this is

    • Emitter

    • Base

    • Collector

    • None of mentioned

    Correct Answer
    A. Base
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Base. In a transistor, the base region is very lightly doped compared to the emitter and collector regions. This is because the base region acts as a control element, regulating the flow of current between the emitter and collector. By keeping the base region lightly doped, it allows for better control of the transistor's operation.

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  • 36. 

    The type of transmission used for sound in TV transmission is

    • AM

    • FM

    • PCM

    • PWM

    Correct Answer
    A. FM
    Explanation
    FM stands for Frequency Modulation, which is a type of transmission used for sound in TV transmission. In FM, the audio signal is modulated by varying the frequency of the carrier wave in accordance with the variations in the audio signal. This results in a signal that is less susceptible to noise and interference, providing better sound quality compared to other transmission methods like AM (Amplitude Modulation), PCM (Pulse Code Modulation), and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). Therefore, FM is the correct answer for the type of transmission used for sound in TV transmission.

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  • 37. 

    The memory unit using only gates is

    • ROM

    • RAM

    • Core

    • Disk

    Correct Answer
    A. RAM
    Explanation
    RAM stands for Random Access Memory, and it is a type of memory unit that is used to store data that can be read from and written to by the computer's processor. Unlike ROM (Read-Only Memory) which is non-volatile and cannot be modified, RAM is volatile and can be both read and written to. RAM is typically made up of electronic circuits and transistors, rather than physical components like cores or disks. Therefore, RAM is the correct answer as it is a memory unit that uses only gates.

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  • 38. 

    Plasma is

    • A medium dominated by helium

    • A solid dielectric material

    • A gaseous medium

    • A ray of electrons

    Correct Answer
    A. A gaseous medium
    Explanation
    Plasma is a state of matter that consists of ionized gas. It is considered a gaseous medium because it is composed of charged particles, such as ions and electrons, that are free to move around. Unlike a solid dielectric material or a ray of electrons, plasma does not have a fixed structure or shape. It is highly conductive and can exhibit unique properties, such as the ability to generate magnetic fields and emit light.

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  • 39. 

    Decibel is defined in terms of

    • Power Ratio

    • Voltage Level

    • Current Level

    • None

    Correct Answer
    A. Power Ratio
    Explanation
    Decibel is a unit used to measure the intensity or level of sound, and it is defined in terms of power ratio. Power ratio refers to the ratio of the power of a sound wave to a reference power level. The decibel scale allows us to compare the relative loudness or intensity of different sounds by expressing them as a logarithmic ratio. Therefore, the correct answer is Power Ratio.

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  • 40. 

    The type of transmission used for transmission used for television in India is

    • DAB SC

    • SSB

    • VSB

    • SSB-SC

    Correct Answer
    A. VSB
    Explanation
    VSB stands for Vestigial Sideband, which is a type of transmission used for television in India. It is a modulation technique that allows the transmission of both video and audio signals over a single channel. VSB is commonly used in analog television broadcasting systems, where it helps to reduce the bandwidth required for transmission. By using VSB, television signals can be efficiently transmitted and received, providing clear and high-quality audio and video to viewers.

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  • 41. 

    When the distance between two charges is doubled, the force between them will be equal to

    • Four time

    • Double

    • Half

    • One fourth

    Correct Answer
    A. One fourth
    Explanation
    When the distance between two charges is doubled, the force between them will decrease. According to Coulomb's Law, the force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Therefore, if the distance is doubled, the force will be reduced to one-fourth of its original value.

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  • 42. 

    A solar cell can only absorb 15 to 25 percent of the sun’s energy because…?

    • Not all wavelength of light create the right reaction in the cell.

    • There’s too much resistance inside the semiconductor.

    • Both A and B

    Correct Answer
    A. Not all wavelength of light create the right reaction in the cell.
    Explanation
    A solar cell can only absorb 15 to 25 percent of the sun's energy because not all wavelengths of light create the right reaction in the cell. This means that certain wavelengths of light are not effectively converted into electrical energy by the solar cell. Therefore, only a portion of the sun's energy can be harnessed and converted into usable electricity by the solar cell.

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  • 43. 

    Most commonly used materials as photo cathode for the photoelectric emission are

    • Barium and Calcium

    • Cesium and Ribidium

    • Arsenic and Boron

    • Thorium and Tungston

    Correct Answer
    A. Arsenic and Boron
  • 44. 

    The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on which of the following?

    • The polarization of atmosphere

    • The polarization of the waves

    • Their frequency

    • Their distance from the transmitter

    Correct Answer
    A. Their frequency
    Explanation
    The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on their frequency. Different frequencies of radio waves interact differently with the atmosphere. Higher frequency waves are absorbed more by the atmosphere, while lower frequency waves can travel longer distances. This is why certain frequencies are used for specific purposes, such as long-distance communication or satellite transmissions. The polarization of the atmosphere and waves, as well as the distance from the transmitter, do not directly affect the absorption of radio waves.

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  • 45. 

    Javascript is a ________.

    • Client side scripting

    • Server side scripting

    • Markup language

    • Advanced version of Java

    Correct Answer
    A. Client side scripting
    Explanation
    Javascript is a client side scripting language used for creating interactive web pages. It runs on the client's web browser and is responsible for handling user interactions and manipulating the content of the web page. It is not a server side scripting language like PHP or Python, which run on the server and generate dynamic content to be sent to the client. Javascript is also not a markup language like HTML or XML, which are used for structuring and presenting content. Lastly, it is not an advanced version of Java, as Java and Javascript are two separate programming languages with different syntax and purposes.

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  • 46. 

    The check sum method of testing a ROM : 

    • Indicates if the data in more than one memory location is incorrect

    • Provides a means for locating and correcting data errors in specific memory location.

    • Allows data errors to be pinpointed to a specific memory location.

    • Simply indicates that the content of the ROM are incorrect.

    Correct Answer
    A. Simply indicates that the content of the ROM are incorrect.
    Explanation
    The check sum method of testing a ROM simply indicates that the content of the ROM is incorrect. It does not provide a means for locating and correcting data errors in specific memory locations, nor does it allow data errors to be pinpointed to a specific memory location. It only gives a general indication that the content of the ROM is incorrect.

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  • 47. 

    If the effective length of an antenna is increased, its directive gains

    • Becomes infinite

    • Remains same

    • Decreases

    • Increases

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreases
    Explanation
    When the effective length of an antenna is increased, its directive gain decreases. Directive gain refers to the ability of an antenna to focus its radiation in a particular direction. By increasing the length of the antenna, the radiation pattern becomes wider, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of energy in a specific direction. Therefore, the directive gain decreases as the effective length of the antenna increases.

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  • 48. 

    The Laplace transform of an impulse function is

    • 1

    • 1/s

    • 1/(s * s)

    • 0

    Correct Answer
    A. 1
    Explanation
    The Laplace transform of an impulse function is 1 because an impulse function, also known as the Dirac delta function, is defined as having an area of 1 concentrated at the origin. The Laplace transform of a function represents the function in the frequency domain, and since the impulse function has a single spike at the origin, its Laplace transform is 1.

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  • 49. 

    Which of the following magnetic material has least value of B.H?

    • Carbon steel

    • Cobalt Steel

    • Alnico

    • Alcomax

    Correct Answer
    A. Cobalt Steel
    Explanation
    Cobalt steel has the least value of B.H (magnetic field strength) among the given options. This is because cobalt steel is a soft magnetic material, meaning it has low coercivity and low retentivity. Soft magnetic materials are easily magnetized and demagnetized, making them suitable for applications such as transformers and electric motors. In contrast, materials like alnico and alcomax have higher values of B.H and are considered hard magnetic materials, which have higher coercivity and retentivity.

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  • Aug 07, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Sep 09, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Devmelbin
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