N.Y.S. E.M.T Protocol Quiz #2

1. Which of the following must be documented on the PCR when restraints have been applied to a patient?

Frequent Airway, Breathing , Circulation checks, including distal circulation, have been performed.

Type of restraints used.

Reason for restraining the patient includes threat to patient's self or others.

All of the above are correct.

All of the options mentioned in the question must be documented on the PCR when restraints have been applied to a patient. This includes performing frequent airway, breathing, and circulation checks, noting the type of restraints used, and documenting the reason for restraining the patient, which may include a threat to the patient's self or others.

Explanation

All of the options mentioned in the question must be documented on the PCR when restraints have been applied to a patient. This includes performing frequent airway, breathing, and circulation checks, noting the type of restraints used, and documenting the reason for restraining the patient, which may include a threat to the patient's self or others.

2. Regarding localized cold injuries, from what must the injured part be protected?

Pressure

Trauma

Friction

All of the above

Localized cold injuries can occur due to various factors, including pressure, trauma, and friction. When the injured part is exposed to extreme cold temperatures, these factors can exacerbate the damage and increase the risk of injury. Pressure can restrict blood flow and cause tissue damage, trauma can lead to direct injury to the tissues, and friction can cause abrasions and further damage to the skin. Therefore, to prevent localized cold injuries, it is important to protect the injured part from all of these factors.

Explanation

Localized cold injuries can occur due to various factors, including pressure, trauma, and friction. When the injured part is exposed to extreme cold temperatures, these factors can exacerbate the damage and increase the risk of injury. Pressure can restrict blood flow and cause tissue damage, trauma can lead to direct injury to the tissues, and friction can cause abrasions and further damage to the skin. Therefore, to prevent localized cold injuries, it is important to protect the injured part from all of these factors.

3. Which positions are appropriate and acceptable in order to restrain an emotionally disturbed patient?

Sandwiched between two backboards

Prone

Fowler, Semi-Fowlers, or Supine

All of the above are acceptable positions

The appropriate and acceptable positions to restrain an emotionally disturbed patient are Fowler, Semi-Fowlers, or Supine. These positions provide stability and safety for both the patient and the healthcare provider. The patient can be comfortably restrained in a semi-upright position, allowing for better monitoring and access to medical interventions if needed. Prone position is not suitable for restraining an emotionally disturbed patient as it may restrict their breathing and cause further agitation. Sandwiching between two backboards is not a recommended method of restraint as it can potentially cause harm to the patient.

Explanation

The appropriate and acceptable positions to restrain an emotionally disturbed patient are Fowler, Semi-Fowlers, or Supine. These positions provide stability and safety for both the patient and the healthcare provider. The patient can be comfortably restrained in a semi-upright position, allowing for better monitoring and access to medical interventions if needed. Prone position is not suitable for restraining an emotionally disturbed patient as it may restrict their breathing and cause further agitation. Sandwiching between two backboards is not a recommended method of restraint as it can potentially cause harm to the patient.

4. When should active rapid rewarming be done on a localized cold injury?

If the patient is at risk of deteriorating.

If the patient is unconscious.

If transport time is in excess of 30 minutes.

Only if injury is limited to fingers or toes.

Active rapid rewarming should be done on a localized cold injury if the transport time is in excess of 30 minutes. This is because prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can lead to tissue damage and frostbite. Rapid rewarming helps to restore blood flow, prevent further injury, and promote healing. If the transport time is shorter, other methods of rewarming, such as passive rewarming, may be sufficient. However, if the transport time is longer, active rapid rewarming becomes necessary to prevent complications and promote the best possible outcome for the patient.

Explanation

Active rapid rewarming should be done on a localized cold injury if the transport time is in excess of 30 minutes. This is because prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can lead to tissue damage and frostbite. Rapid rewarming helps to restore blood flow, prevent further injury, and promote healing. If the transport time is shorter, other methods of rewarming, such as passive rewarming, may be sufficient. However, if the transport time is longer, active rapid rewarming becomes necessary to prevent complications and promote the best possible outcome for the patient.

5. When must you NOT allow a localized cold injured area to thaw?

If area may refreeze before evacuation from cold environment

If patient has an early or superficial injury

If patient has a late or deep injury

All of the above. You may NEVER allow the area to thaw.

If the localized cold injured area may refreeze before the patient can be evacuated from the cold environment, it is important not to allow it to thaw. This is because refreezing can cause further damage to the tissues and worsen the injury. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the safety of the patient and ensure that they are moved to a warmer environment before allowing the area to thaw.

Explanation

If the localized cold injured area may refreeze before the patient can be evacuated from the cold environment, it is important not to allow it to thaw. This is because refreezing can cause further damage to the tissues and worsen the injury. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the safety of the patient and ensure that they are moved to a warmer environment before allowing the area to thaw.