Canadian Nursing Principles Test

Race can be defined as the common biological attributes shared by a group, such as skin color. It is a social construct that categorizes people based on physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. These characteristics are used to differentiate and classify individuals into different racial groups. However, it is important to note that race is not a scientifically valid concept, as there is no genetic or biological basis for categorizing humans into distinct races.

Income and social status are considered the greatest determinant of health because they have a significant impact on an individual's access to resources and opportunities that promote good health. Higher income and social status provide access to better healthcare, education, nutrition, and living conditions, which are crucial for maintaining good health. Additionally, income and social status influence factors such as stress levels, social support, and lifestyle choices, all of which can greatly affect an individual's overall health and well-being.

A social safety net refers to a system of various social programs implemented at national, provincial, and territorial levels. These programs are designed to provide support and assistance to individuals and families who are in need, such as unemployment benefits, healthcare, housing assistance, and welfare. The statement "A social safety net is a network of national, provincial, and territorial social programs" accurately describes the concept of a social safety net, making the answer true.

Education in schools, well baby clinics, prenatal education, anti-smoking education, and advocacy for public health policy all fall under the category of Health Promotion. Health promotion focuses on empowering individuals and communities to take control of their health and make informed decisions. These activities aim to prevent illness and promote overall well-being by educating and raising awareness about healthy behaviors, providing information on preventive measures, and advocating for policies that support public health.

Culture can be defined as shared patterns of learned values and behaviors that are transmitted over time and that distinguish the members of one group from another. Culture encompasses the beliefs, customs, traditions, language, arts, and social institutions of a particular group. It shapes the way people perceive the world, interact with others, and make sense of their experiences. Culture is passed down from generation to generation and plays a crucial role in shaping individual and collective identities. It provides a framework for social norms, expectations, and behaviors within a specific community or society.

Tommy Douglas is the correct answer because he is known for passing the first public insurance plan, known as Medicare, in Canada. He was a Canadian politician and the leader of the New Democratic Party in Saskatchewan. Douglas played a crucial role in implementing universal healthcare in Canada, making it the first country to have a comprehensive public health insurance system. His efforts and advocacy for accessible healthcare have had a significant impact on the Canadian healthcare system.

The correct answer is Develop Personal Skills, Strengthen Community Action, Reorient Health Services, Create Supportive Environments, and Build a Healthy Public Policy. These strategies are all examples of health promotion strategies because they aim to improve health outcomes and prevent disease by addressing individual behaviors, community involvement, healthcare services, environmental factors, and public policies. By developing personal skills, individuals can acquire the knowledge and abilities needed to make healthy choices. Strengthening community action involves empowering communities to take collective action for health promotion. Reorienting health services focuses on shifting healthcare systems towards a more preventive and holistic approach. Creating supportive environments involves creating physical and social environments that promote health. Building a healthy public policy involves implementing policies that support health promotion at a population level.

Canada ranks in the average range (7th - 13th) in terms of health status. This suggests that Canada's overall health status is neither exceptionally high nor low compared to other countries. While it may not be at the top of the list, it still maintains a relatively good level of health compared to many other nations.

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief or perception that one's own culture, customs, and values are superior or more valuable than those of other cultures. It involves judging and evaluating other cultures based on the standards and norms of one's own culture. This can lead to a biased and narrow-minded perspective, as it disregards the diversity and richness of other cultures. Ethnocentrism often results in the promotion of one's own cultural practices and the rejection or devaluation of others, leading to misunderstandings, conflicts, and discrimination between different cultural groups.

In this context, cultural imposition refers to the act of imposing one's own cultural values, beliefs, and practices onto others without considering or respecting their cultural differences. It occurs when healthcare practitioners, who lack understanding of cultural diversity, use their own cultural norms as the sole basis for providing services to clients. Instead of recognizing and respecting the clients' unique cultural backgrounds, they interpret their behaviors through their own cultural lens. This can lead to misunderstandings, ineffective communication, and inadequate care.

The Federal Government is responsible for administering national principles for the healthcare system, delivering healthcare for certain groups such as veterans, RCMP, armed forces, and federal inmates, and assisting in financing healthcare services through the transfer of tax money.

Multiculturalism can be defined as a process whereby many cultures coexist in society and maintain their cultural differences. This means that different cultural groups are able to live together and express their unique traditions, beliefs, and practices without assimilating into a dominant culture. Multiculturalism emphasizes the importance of diversity, inclusivity, and respect for various cultural backgrounds, fostering a society that values and celebrates the contributions of different cultures.

Ethnicity refers to groups of people who share common social and cultural backgrounds. This can include shared traditions, customs, language, and historical experiences. It is a way to categorize and identify individuals based on their cultural heritage, which can include factors such as nationality, race, religion, and language. Ethnicity plays a significant role in shaping individual and group identities, as well as influencing social interactions and relationships within a society.

The correct order of expenditures from highest to lowest is hospital, drugs, physicians. This means that hospitals have the highest expenditure, followed by drugs, and then physicians. This order suggests that hospitals are the most costly in terms of expenses, followed by the cost of drugs, and finally the cost of physicians.

The Socioenvironmental Approach is described as a combination of stability and actualization because it focuses on creating a stable and supportive environment that allows individuals to reach their full potential. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion identified prerequisites for health and shifted responsibility for health to society, emphasizing the importance of social and environmental factors in promoting health. Additionally, the approach recognizes that health is tied to social structure, meaning that social factors such as income, education, and social support networks significantly impact an individual's health outcomes.

The correct answer is "emphasizes that medical intervention restores health" because the medical approach focuses on using medical treatments and interventions to restore health and alleviate symptoms. The answer "an adequate health care system is paramount to ensuring that populations remain healthy" is also correct because a well-functioning healthcare system is essential for providing access to medical interventions and maintaining the health of the population.

The Behavioral Approach, as described by the given answer options, involves a shift in emphasis from a medical approach to a behavioral approach, as commissioned by Marc Lalonde. This approach recognizes that further improvements in the environment, reductions in self-imposed risks, and greater knowledge of human biology are necessary to improve health status. Additionally, the establishment of the Health Promotion Directorate in the Department of National Health and Welfare aims to decrease behavioral risk factors.

The Provincial government is responsible for developing and administering its own health insurance plan that covers the costs of physicians and hospitals. Additionally, they are responsible for financing and planning healthcare services.