Understanding DSM-5 (Part II): Gary Gintner

1. Which of the following are changes to the ADHD criteria set?

A lower criteria threshold for those 17 and older

Onset of symptoms have to be by age 12

Subtypes have been replaced by presentations

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the listed options are changes to the ADHD criteria set. These changes include a lower criteria threshold for individuals 17 and older, a requirement for the onset of symptoms to be by age 12, and the replacement of subtypes with presentations.

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the listed options are changes to the ADHD criteria set. These changes include a lower criteria threshold for individuals 17 and older, a requirement for the onset of symptoms to be by age 12, and the replacement of subtypes with presentations.

2. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following except:

Flat affect

Avolition

Social withdrawal

Delusions

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia refer to the absence or reduction of normal behaviors or emotions. These symptoms can include flat affect (lack of emotional expression), avolition (lack of motivation or goal-directed behavior), and social withdrawal (avoidance of social interactions). Delusions, on the other hand, are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia, characterized by false beliefs or ideas that are not based in reality. Therefore, delusions do not fall under the category of negative symptoms.

Explanation

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia refer to the absence or reduction of normal behaviors or emotions. These symptoms can include flat affect (lack of emotional expression), avolition (lack of motivation or goal-directed behavior), and social withdrawal (avoidance of social interactions). Delusions, on the other hand, are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia, characterized by false beliefs or ideas that are not based in reality. Therefore, delusions do not fall under the category of negative symptoms.

3. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder includes:

Frequent marked temper tantrums

Irritable or angry mood between episodes

At least on suicide attempt in the past year

A and B

The correct answer is A and B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder includes frequent marked temper tantrums and an irritable or angry mood between episodes. It does not include at least one suicide attempt in the past year.

Explanation

The correct answer is A and B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder includes frequent marked temper tantrums and an irritable or angry mood between episodes. It does not include at least one suicide attempt in the past year.

4. Mixed features are characterized by:

At least two anxiety symptoms

At least three symptoms from the opposite mood episode

Psychotic and mood symptoms

C or D

Mixed features in mental health disorders refer to the presence of symptoms from both depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes. In this context, the correct answer states that mixed features are characterized by at least three symptoms from the opposite mood episode. This means that individuals experiencing a depressive episode may also exhibit symptoms typically associated with mania/hypomania, and vice versa. These mixed features can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders, as they require careful assessment and management.

Explanation

Mixed features in mental health disorders refer to the presence of symptoms from both depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes. In this context, the correct answer states that mixed features are characterized by at least three symptoms from the opposite mood episode. This means that individuals experiencing a depressive episode may also exhibit symptoms typically associated with mania/hypomania, and vice versa. These mixed features can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders, as they require careful assessment and management.

5. In Bipolar I disorder, you have to have a history of a:

Manic episode

Hypomanic Episode

Depressive Episode

All of the above

A or B

In Bipolar I disorder, a manic episode is a necessary criterion. This means that individuals with this disorder must have experienced at least one episode of mania. A manic episode is characterized by an elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and reckless behavior. It is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy. Hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes are not required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, although they may occur in some individuals with this condition.

Explanation

In Bipolar I disorder, a manic episode is a necessary criterion. This means that individuals with this disorder must have experienced at least one episode of mania. A manic episode is characterized by an elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and reckless behavior. It is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy. Hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes are not required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, although they may occur in some individuals with this condition.