Understanding DSM-5 (Part II): Gary Gintner

Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all of the listed options are changes to the ADHD criteria set. These changes include a lower criteria threshold for individuals 17 and older, a requirement for the onset of symptoms to be by age 12, and the replacement of subtypes with presentations.

Explanation
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia refer to the absence or reduction of normal behaviors or emotions. These symptoms can include flat affect (lack of emotional expression), avolition (lack of motivation or goal-directed behavior), and social withdrawal (avoidance of social interactions). Delusions, on the other hand, are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia, characterized by false beliefs or ideas that are not based in reality. Therefore, delusions do not fall under the category of negative symptoms.

Explanation
In Bipolar I disorder, a manic episode is a necessary criterion. This means that individuals with this disorder must have experienced at least one episode of mania. A manic episode is characterized by an elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and reckless behavior. It is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy. Hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes are not required for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, although they may occur in some individuals with this condition.

Explanation
Mixed features in mental health disorders refer to the presence of symptoms from both depressive and manic/hypomanic episodes. In this context, the correct answer states that mixed features are characterized by at least three symptoms from the opposite mood episode. This means that individuals experiencing a depressive episode may also exhibit symptoms typically associated with mania/hypomania, and vice versa. These mixed features can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders, as they require careful assessment and management.

Explanation
The correct answer is A and B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder includes frequent marked temper tantrums and an irritable or angry mood between episodes. It does not include at least one suicide attempt in the past year.