TExES Generalist Ec-6 191 Exam (Practice Test I)

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Oftentimes the use of acronyms facilitates the learning process. What is a common acronym for remembering the order of operations?
- KPCOGS
- PEMDAS
- ASAP
- WYSIWYG

About This Quiz

This practice test for the TExES Generalist EC-6 191 exam assesses knowledge across multiple subjects including English language arts, mathematics, and reading strategies. It's designed to prepare candidates for certification, focusing on essential academic skills and teaching strategies.

TExES Generalist Ec-6 191 Exam (Practice Test I) - Quiz

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2.

Traditionally, matter has been classified into three states
- Rock, soil, and minerals.
- Ice, snow, and water.
- Liquid, gas, and solid.
- Nickel, lava, and magma.
Correct Answer

A. Liquid, gas, and solid.

Explanation

Matter can change from liquid to solid to gas in a cyclical fashion. (A) is incorrect because all three represent examples of solid matter. (B) is incorrect because it presents only examples of the states and fails to address the stages represented. (D) is incorrect because it presents just examples of solid and liquid matter. Competency 031

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3.

By second grade, students are generally guided to discontinue the practice of pointing to the words being read. What is the rationale for this change of strategy?
- Students get tired of pointing to the words while reading.
- Students find this practice annoying and typical of younger children.
- This practice can interfere with the development of reading fluency.
- This practice is archaic and does not seem to help in the reading process.
Correct Answer

A. This practice can interfere with the development of reading fluency.

Explanation

Pointing to the words as they are read is designed to establish the connection between speech and print. However, after the skill has been mastered, it is discontinued so students can engage in fluent reading. (A) and (B) are incorrect because they offer non-substantial reasons for the strategy change. (D) is incorrect because the practice of pointing to the words as they are being read is not archaic; it is indeed an effective practice for beginning readers. Competency 005

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4.

Newspapers and magazines have traditionally been considered what type of media?
- Electric media
- Visual media
- Print media
- Electronic media
Correct Answer

A. Print media

Explanation

Newspapers and magazines have been considered print media. (B) is incorrect because images are often used to complement texts being displayed in such mediums. (A) is incorrect because there is no such a thing as "electric" media; the correct term is "electronic" media. Competency 011

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5.

Identify the steps that best describe the writing process.
- Develop an outline of the intended writing project, complete an initial draft, and edit for content.
- Complete an initial draft, revise for the accuracy of the content, and publish.
- Brainstorm for ideas, develop an outline, complete an initial draft, edit, and publish.
- Write an initial draft, share it with peers, review it for grammaticality, and publish.
Correct Answer

A. Brainstorm for ideas, develop an outline, complete an initial draft, edit, and publish.

Explanation

Brainstorming for ideas and developing an outline of the writing project are paramount for process writing. (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because they do not contain brainstorming as the initial component of the process. Competency 008

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6.

What causes earthquakes?
- Thermal activity in the core
- The movement of continental plates
- The melting of rocks and minerals
- The movement or rotation of Earth
Correct Answer

A. The movement of continental plates

Explanation

The movement of the plates causes intense seismological activity near the faults, resulting in earthquakes. (A) and (C) have some merit because thermal activity can have some implications, but these choices do not provide specific answers to the question. (D) is totally incorrect; there is no known connection between the rotation of the Earth and earthquakes. Competency 039

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7.

Based on the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), children with crutches or any other types of assistive devices should
- Not be allowed to participate in physical education activities.
- Be allowed to participate like any other student.
- Be provided with appropriate modification for participation in physical education activities.
- Be provided with a special physical education class designed for them.
Correct Answer

A. Be provided with appropriate modification for participation in physical education activities.

Explanation

The ADA required school districts to place special education children in the least restrictive educational environment; thus, an orthopedic handicapped student would be placed in mainstream classrooms. Students are required to receive physical education using appropriate accommodations to allow their successful participation. (A) is incorrect because only in extreme cases are special education children excluded from participating in the school curriculum. (B) is partially correct, but it fails to mention the need to make accommodations for successful participation in physical education activities. (D) is incorrect because it adopts an extreme position not applicable to limited mobility. Competency 045

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8.

Identify the factor(s) that most likely can affect the development of early literacy among preschool children.
- Parents read frequently to their children and have books available at home.
- Parents teach children to use the dictionary and guide them to select the best definition based on the context of the words.
- Parents have available reference materials and electronic translation programs to promote early bilingualism among children.
- Parents take their children to the library and bookstores to obtain books.
Correct Answer

A. Parents read frequently to their children and have books available at home.

Explanation

Reading to children and having books available for them provide children with reading readiness skills and can promote interest in reading. (B) is incorrect because the use of dictionary skills is not developmentally appropriate for preschool children. (C) is incorrect because the children might not be ready for electronic translation programs, and translation is not the best strategy for promoting literacy development. (D) is incorrect because getting books for children without additional support will not develop early literacy among children. Competency 004

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9.

The most appropriate exercises for kindergarten and first-grade students are
- Jogging and walking.
- Contact sports.
- Games that require endurance.
- Fun games that require physical activity.
Correct Answer

A. Fun games that require physical activity.

Explanation

Fun games involving physical activity are the best way to exercise children in kindergarten. (A) is incorrect because, traditionally, jogging for fitness might be inappropriate for children at this early age. (B) and (C) are incorrect because contact sports and activities that require skill and/or endurance are not developmentally appropriate for kindergarten or first-grade students. Competency 045

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10.

The key function of the food chain in the ecosystem is to
- Control the number of animals.
- Preserve the types of plants in the habitat.
- Maintain a balance among organisms.
- Maintain a balance between fungi and dead matter.
Correct Answer

A. Maintain a balance among organisms.

Explanation

An ecosystem needs to have a balance among organisms to ensure the ability of the system to support life. (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because they merely represent examples of how the system maintains a balance. Competency 027

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11.

The economy theory that states that prices vary based on balance between the availability of a product or service at a certain price and the desire of potential purchasers to pay that price is known as
- Free enterprise.
- Supply and demand.
- Inflation and deflation.
- Economic interdependence.
Correct Answer

A. Supply and demand.

Explanation

The economic theory that states that prices vary based on a balance between the availability of a product or service at a certain price and the desire of potential purchasers to pay that price is known as supply and demand. Free enterprise (A) is a generic term to describe capitalism and entrepreneurship. Inflation and deflation (C) are general terms to describe the price stability in the nation and the purchasing power of consumers. Competency 022

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12.

To make the science curriculum cognitively accessible to English language learners in grades K–2, teachers use thematic units and incorporate
- Techniques from various foreign language methods.
- Scientific exploration and hands-on activities.
- A variety of instructional strategies and sophisticated scientific tools.
- The use of chemicals and human specimens used by scientists.
Correct Answer

A. Scientific exploration and hands-on activities.

Explanation

The state curriculum requires students to engage in scientific exploration in grades K–12. Hands-on experimentation promotes active learning and is beneficial to all students, but it is especially important and developmentally appropriate for children in grades K–2. Choice (A) is incorrect because the incorporation of foreign language methods is a very broad statement, and it does not say specifically which method will be used or how it will be implemented. (C) is also incorrect because the statement is vague and does not describe the types of sophisticated tools. Traditionally, in K–2, the tools used are very simple and concrete. (D) is incorrect because the state curriculum does not require the use of chemicals and human specimens in the early grades. Competency 028

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13.

What are Venn diagrams commonly used for in reading instruction?
- Compare similarities and differences between two stories.
- Identify the parts of a story.
- Identify key attributes of a given concept.
- Guide children to identify the main idea and supporting details.
Correct Answer

A. Compare similarities and differences between two stories.

Explanation

Venn diagrams can be used for multiple purposes in education, but in language arts it is commonly used to compare similarities, differences, and common elements between two stories. Traditionally, Venn diagrams are not used to identify the parts of the story (B), nor to identify the main idea of a story (D). Semantic mappings (C), not Venn diagrams, are commonly used to identify key attributes of a given concept. Competency 004

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14.

Mrs. Morris presented a lesson to her fifth graders about the early development of major science concepts. She discussed how people in Europe thought that the Earth was the center of the universe at a given time in history, and how first physicians bled the patients to try to cure them. Other than the historical value of the lesson, what is the educational purpose of this lesson?
- To develop an understanding of the evolution of science concepts and knowledge
- To develop an understanding of the lack of knowledge people had during the Middle Ages
- To identify a reason why people died so young during that time frame
- To identify a reason for the lack of development of European countries in the present time
Correct Answer

A. To develop an understanding of the evolution of science concepts and knowledge

Explanation

Students need to have a clear understanding of the evolution of science concepts, so they can develop an appreciation for the status of science today. (B) is incorrect because it addresses only one historical period, the Middle Ages. It also addresses the historical value of the information, which should be excluded from the answer. (C) is incorrect because it only addresses the medical implications of the information. (D) presents an incorrect statement, because at the present time most European countries have well-developed scientific knowledge. Competency 025

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15.

Identify the order of the products that have supported the Texas economy through its history.
- Petroleum, cotton, oranges, and cattle
- Cattle, corn, petroleum, and education
- Cotton and eventually cattle were the main products produced in Texas during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Later, with the discovery of petroleum in the twentieth century, it became one of the most important exports for Texas. In the latter part of the twentieth century and until today, computer and electronics replaced oil as the main products of the state. Based on this explanation, options (A), (B), and (D) are eliminated. Competency 022
- Cattle, petroleum, beef, venison, and poultry
Correct Answer

A. Cotton and eventually cattle were the main products produced in Texas during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Later, with the discovery of petroleum in the twentieth century, it became one of the most important exports for Texas. In the latter part of the twentieth century and until today, computer and electronics replaced oil as the main products of the state. Based on this explanation, options (A), (B), and (D) are eliminated. Competency 022

Explanation

Cotton and eventually cattle were the main products produced in Texas during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Later, with the discovery of petroleum in the twentieth century, it became one of the most important exports for Texas. In the latter part of the twentieth century and until today, computer and electronics replaced oil as the main products of the state. Based on this explanation, options (A), (B), and (D) are eliminated. Competency 022

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16.

The U.S. Constitution was designed so that no single branch of the government—executive, judicial, or legislative—could exert full control over the other two. This unique feature of the Constitution is known as
- Judicial review.
- The pocket veto.
- Checks and balances.
- Habeas corpus.
Correct Answer

A. Checks and balances.

Explanation

The U.S. Constitution set up a system so that each branch has the power to control or regulate the power of the other two. (A) is incorrect because judicial review addresses only the power of the judicial branch. Judicial review is the power to review legislation enacted by Congress and signed by the president. If the legislation is unconstitutional, it can be invalidated. (B) is incorrect because it addresses the power of the president to veto or refuse to sign legislation approved by Congress. (D) is incorrect because habeas corpus is one of the civil rights that guarantees people the right to a quick trial by jury. Competency 023

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17.

In addition to posting the appropriate rules for laboratory safety, teachers send home a safety contract for parents to sign. What is the purpose of sending this type of document home?
- To be sure that parents follow safety procedures at home
- To make parents responsible for the education of their children and to guide children to develop a commitment to study science
- To make parents aware of rules and guidelines that children must exhibit in the laboratory
- To make parents responsible if children do not follow safety rules in the science laboratory
Correct Answer

A. To make parents aware of rules and guidelines that children must exhibit in the laboratory

Explanation

The purpose of sending safety or any type of contracts for the parents' signature is to make parents aware of the guidelines and expected behaviors in school. Contracts of this type are developed for school purpose only. These are not traditionally used to guide parents to follow safety procedures at home (A), or to guide children to commit to the study of science (B). The purpose of sending the contract home is to make parents aware of the expected behavior, not necessarily to make parents responsible for the behavior of the children (D). Competency 024

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18.

During reading group activity, Ms. Lueck often asks her second graders to orally retell the main ideas of a story they have just read together. This is an example of which type of assessment?
- Informal
- Norm-referenced
- Criterion-referenced
- Standardized
Correct Answer

A. Informal

Explanation

An oral retelling is an informal assessment that seeks to determine what a student can recall about a story. It might be scored using a checklist that the teacher created. (B) is incorrect because norm-reference tests compare a student's achievement to grade- or age-level peers, typically in a bell curve. (C) is incorrect because criterion-referenced tests are often more formal and have a target or uniform criteria that students must meet to "pass" the test. (D) is incorrect because an oral retelling is harder to score objectively and is thus typically not standardized. Competency 012

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19.

Why do most countries in the world use the metric system in scientific research and engineering?
- The metric system uses large units of measurement.
- The English system is used mostly in business.
- The metric system is very precise.
- The English system allows for the easy computation of measurements.
Correct Answer

A. The metric system is very precise.

Explanation

The metric system is a very precise system that allows for the measurement of very small amounts of matter. For example, the metric system uses measurements divided into thousands (millimeters or milligrams), while the English system uses larger units of measurement, like inches and ounces. (A) and (B) contain perhaps true statements and opinions, but they fail to address the question. (D) is incorrect; the English system does not have a simple way to compute measures. The metric system is based on 10, and the computations are a lot easier. Competency 024

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20.

Scenario: Mr. Jetter organized a lesson to introduce sixth-grade students to the concept of marine habitats. As a focus activity he presented two 25-gallon aquariums. Aquarium A has a variety of aquatic plants, 10 snails, and 25 unique varieties of small fishes. Aquarium B contains a variety of aquatic plants, three snails, and five small fish of the same variety. To implement the lesson, he organized the students in groups of five. Once the groups were formed, students were asked to discuss the appropriateness of the combination of aquatic plants and number of animals. The ultimate goal is to predict the success of the habitats, including successful breeding among animals. What is the main science objective of Mr. Jetter's lesson?
- Guide students to communicate with peers.
- Promote scientific inquiry and problem-solving skills using scientific data.
- Work in cooperative groups.
- Keep students engaged and interested in the scientific concepts presented in class.
Correct Answer

A. Promote scientific inquiry and problem-solving skills using scientific data.

Explanation

Using high-interest activities like observing live animals and plants in an aquarium, students can be guided to used scientific inquiry and problem-solving skills. Competency 035

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21.

Mrs. Thompson has requested that their students create a PowerPoint presentation on the history of visual media. Before working on such a presentation, students need to pick a topic to create their presentation. Which of the following would be the most appropriate topic for such a presentation?
- The evolution of billboards on the highway
- Using Twitter in school
- The internet is a super highway
- You email me, I email you
Correct Answer

A. The evolution of billboards on the highway

Explanation

The most appropriate topic would be for students to research the evolution of billboards on the highway (A). (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect because they represent examples of electronic media, not visual media. Competency 011

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22.

One of the best known models of scientific inquiry is the 5-E model. In this model, students go through five steps: engage, explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate. What is the main purpose of the "explore" component of the process?
- To guide students begin experimenting and gathering data about a scientific concept.
- To increase interest in the scientific principle studied
- To guide students present and share data with their classmates
- To capture the curiosity of the students
Correct Answer

A. To guide students begin experimenting and gathering data about a scientific concept.

Explanation

In the "explore" component of the 5-E Model, students begin to have hands-on exposure to the topic. In this stage, students are guided to make observations and gather data about the scientific project. (B) is incorrect because it describes the initial stage of the process, "engage," in which students begin to conceptualize the topic of the study. (C) describes the process of concept invention or explanation, through which a teacher-guided discussion presents the findings of the study. (D) is incorrect, because it describes the "engage" step of the process, in which students are motivated to learn about the scientific concept. Competency 025

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23.

Probably as a response to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut the production of oil. As a result of this action, the cost of gasoline increased to almost $3.00 per gallon in 2005. What is the economic principle or statement that is best represented by this situation?
- During war, the prices of fossil fuels increase.
- The American economy is dependent on foreign oil.
- The law of supply and demand determines the prices of goods and services.
- OPEC was boycotting the United States.
Correct Answer

A. The law of supply and demand determines the prices of goods and services.

Explanation

Reducing the production of oil while keeping the same demand for the product creates an imbalance between supply and demand. This imbalance results in a price increase. (A) is incorrect. (B) is incorrect because the statement does not explain the economic principle required in the question. Generally speaking, war increases the demand and prices of many things, not only the price of fossil fuels. (B) just presents a true statement—the American economy depends on foreign oil. (D) presents an opinion that fails to address the true question. Competency 022

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24.

What is the primary disadvantage of using written essay to assess the performance of English language learners (ELLs)?
- Scoring rubrics are often unavailable or unfamiliar to students in general.
- Students can be creative in formulating their answers.
- Language difficulties can make it difficult to assess competence.
- Students can conceptualize and deliver information in unique ways.
Correct Answer

A. Language difficulties can make it difficult to assess competence.

Explanation

A main disadvantage is that ELLs may have difficulty expressing their thoughts in writing. This means the test may not be a valid way to measure student's knowledge about a particular topic. Option (A) is incorrect because many students and teachers are familiar with rubric-based scoring. Answers (B) and (D) are incorrect because they portray the advantages of using an essay to assess knowledge, rather than disadvantages. Competency 012

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25.

Students in Mr. Campos' classroom are learning to interpret visual images. As part of Mr. Campos' explanation to his class, he is considering mentioning all of the following benefits of visual media EXCEPT
- Visual images can help spark an audience's interest in the topic.
- Visual images cannot stimulate thinking because they can confuse people.
- Visual images add clarity to the message being conveyed.
- Visual images can be used to show step-by-step developments.
Correct Answer

A. Visual images cannot stimulate thinking because they can confuse people.

Explanation

Visual media provides many benefits to students. Some of these include helping students' spark their audience's attention when they are trying to convey a message (A), adding clarity to their message (C) as they can be used to complement not only their texts but the information they are talking about, and allowing students to show step-by-step development ideas (D). Therefore, the only option that does not offer benefits of visual media is (B). Competency 011

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26.

The imperial forces of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Sunday, December 7, 1941. Once the attack began, the officer in charge called President Roosevelt and notified him of the attack. During the communication, the president was able to hear the noise of the bombs exploding and the struggle of the battle. Recently, a reporter from the Dallas Morning News was researching the details of the attack and found a transcription of the official diary of Emperor Hirohito, where he indicated the following: “The Imperial forces of Japan destroyed the American fleet in Hawaii Monday, December 8, 1941.” If the attack occurred on December 7, why did the official document from the Japanese government indicate that the attack happened on December 8? Select the statement that best explains this discrepancy.
- The Americans knew that the attack was going to happen and assumed that it had happened the day before.
- The U.S. government had spies in Japan, and they knew when the attack was going to take place.
- There is a one-day difference between the two regions.
- Emperor Hirohito learned about the attack the day after, and he assumed that it happened on that day.
Correct Answer

A. There is a one-day difference between the two regions.

Explanation

There is a difference of one day from Honolulu to Tokyo. Honolulu is located west of the International Date Line (IDL), while Japan is east of the line. That is, if we travel from Honolulu toward the east on December 7 and pass the IDL to get to Tokyo, we would get there on December 8. The attack was recorded on December 7, 1941, in Honolulu, but the equivalent date for Japan was December 8, 1941. (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because they do not explain the real reason for the date confusion. Additionally, the scenario does not provide information to support the position that Emperor Hirohito was confused about the dates. Competency 021

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27.

Identify the set of words representing the concept of antonyms
- Small—smaller
- Small—large
- Bear—bear
- Small—little
Correct Answer

A. Small—large

Explanation

Antonyms are words that indicate "opposites." The only pair that does so is (B), small-large. The set of words in (A), small and the comparative, smaller, represent two different words. The words in (C), bear—bear, represent an example of homonyms—words with the same pronunciation and spelling, but with different meanings. (D) represents an example of synonyms, words with equivalent meaning. Competency 002

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28.

In the problem, , what is the first operation which should be performed according to the order of operations?
- Exponent
- Multiply
- Subtract
- Add
Correct Answer

A. Exponent

Explanation

Using the acronym PEMDAS as a mnemonic device to remember the order of operations, it allows us to see that the first operation required in the problems is multiplication. That is, the acronym calls for the following order: percentages, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. However, since the problem does not contain percentages or exponents, the first operation required in the problem is multiplication. Competency 018

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29.

The process by which physical movements develop and become specialized for motor performance depends primarily upon
- Socioeconomic status.
- Natural talent.
- Daily practice.
- A supportive environment.
Correct Answer

A. Daily practice.

Explanation

Repetition and practice of a movement pattern is the fastest way to master a physical skill no matter the age level. (A) has no relevance to skill acquisition. (B) and (D) could in part attribute to skill development, although not to the same level of guided repetition and practice. Competency 045

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30.

The main purpose for teaching sight words is to promote instant recognition of characters and words. Instant recognition of words can improve students'
- Reading fluency.
- Decoding skills.
- Reading comprehension.
- Writing skills.
Correct Answer

A. Reading fluency.

Explanation

When children don't have to struggle to decode words, reading fluency is facilitated. (B) is incorrect because, by definition, no decoding is necessary when the reader recognizes the word instantly. (C) is incorrect because comprehension goes beyond the instant recognition of words. Readers have to analyze the schema of the writing and evaluate other elements to achieve reading comprehension. Instant recognition of words can improve spelling skills; however, it does not necessarily improve the writing process (D). Competency 006

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31.

Scenario: Mr. Jetter organized a lesson to introduce sixth-grade students to the concept of marine habitats. As a focus activity he presented two 25-gallon aquariums. Aquarium A has a variety of aquatic plants, 10 snails, and 25 unique varieties of small fishes. Aquarium B contains a variety of aquatic plants, three snails, and five small fish of the same variety. To implement the lesson, he organized the students in groups of five. Once the groups were formed, students were asked to discuss the appropriateness of the combination of aquatic plants and number of animals. The ultimate goal is to predict the success of the habitats, including successful breeding among animals. After a lengthy discussion, students agreed that Aquarium B had a better chance to establish and maintain a successful habitat. What information led students to arrive at this conclusion?
- The size of the aquarium
- The ratio of plants to animals
- The number of plants
- The number of fish
Correct Answer

A. The ratio of plants to animals

Explanation

A healthy aquatic system should have sufficient space and conditions to support life. Aquarium A has a large number of animals for a small 25-gallon aquarium. Overpopulation can pollute the environment and affect the balance of the ecosystem. The size of the aquarium Competency 035

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32.

Identify the mathematical properties involved in the following problem: (6 + 2) + 5 = 6 + (2 + 5).
- Distributive property
- Associative property of addition
- Property of zero
- Associative property of multiplication
Correct Answer

A. Associative property of addition

Explanation

One of the basic properties of addition is that it can be carried out in any order. Therefore, since addition is the only operation that is performed in this exercise, one knows the correct answer is the associate property of addition. Competency 013

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33.

In a group of people, there are 18 blondes, 17 brunettes, and 5 red heads. What is the probability of selecting a red head from the group?
- 1/10
- 1/8
- 1/12
- 1/7
Correct Answer

A. 1/8

Explanation

There are a total of 40 individuals in the group. Of the 40 people in the group, 5 are red heads. This gives a ratio of 5/40, which may be simplified to 1/8. Competency 015

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34.

Mike is a four-year-old monolingual, Spanish-speaking child. His parents read Spanish books to him every day. As a result of their effort, Mike has mastered directionality in reading and basic decoding skills. He can also decode words by linking two syllables. Based on his literacy growth, what might be the next logical step for the parents to promote his growth?
- Stop reading to him to encourage self-sufficiency.
- Continue reading to him and introduce comprehension strategies.
- Continue challenging the child by introducing books for advanced first graders.
- Stop teaching Spanish reading and introduce English only.
Correct Answer

A. Continue reading to him and introduce comprehension strategies.

Explanation

Reading to children in any language can promote interest in reading and decoding skills. Promoting reading comprehension is the next logical step. Once the child masters these basic skills, these can easily transfer to the second language. (A) is incorrect because reading to children should not be interrupted, especially during the preschool years. Reading to children is beneficial even for advanced readers. (C) is incorrect because the scenario does not provide evidence to suggest that the child is ready for more challenging first-grade books. (D) is incorrect because reading skills acquired in the first language can transfer to the second language. Additionally, students should be exposed to reading in the dominant language first. Competency 007

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35.

Perform the indicated operation: (–36) – 11.
- 47
- 25
- -47
- -25
Correct Answer

A. -47

Explanation

When subtraction involves any negative numbers, a good rule to use is, "Don't subtract the second number. Instead, add its opposite." Using that rule, the original expression, (–36) – 11 becomes (–36) + -11. To be "in debt" by 36, then to be further "in debt" by 11, puts one "in debt" by 47, shown as –47.Competency 013

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36.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to illness and disease?
- Stress
- Hydration
- Dietary sugar
- Isolation
Correct Answer

A. Hydration

Explanation

The only answer that is not risky behavior for causing illness and disease is (B) keeping the body hydrated by drinking a lot of water. All other answers put the body at risk for illness and/or disease. Competency 044

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37.

The Mayflower Compact was one of the earliest agreements to
- Establish a political body and to give that political body the power to act for the good of the colony.
- Establish rules for farming and trading.
- Establish a plan to implement plantation systems.
- Establish a policy for settlement.
Correct Answer

A. Establish a political body and to give that political body the power to act for the good of the colony.

Explanation

The Mayflower Compact was drawn up and signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower. They pledged to consult one another to make decisions and to act by the will of the majority. It is one of the earliest agreements to establish a political body and to give that political body the power to act for the good of the colony. Competency 023

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38.

Identify the statement that best describes the country of Iraq.
- It is a linguistically and ethnically homogeneous Muslim nation.
- It is a Muslim nation with multiple ethnic groups within its borders.
- It is located in Southeast Asia.
- It is a province of Pakistan.
Correct Answer

A. It is a Muslim nation with multiple ethnic groups within its borders.

Explanation

Iraq is a Muslim nation with multiple ethnic groups within its borders. The largest groups are the Arabs, consisting of Shiite and Sunni Muslims. The Kurds are the largest minority group. Competency 021

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39.

Which of the following sets of numbers is not an integer followed by its square?
- –8, 64
- 8, 64
- 6, 32
- –9, 81
Correct Answer

A. 6, 32

Explanation

An integer number is a whole number that is either positive or negative. Remembering that a negative times a negative gives a positive means that any of the answers could be possible and we cannot rule any out by process of elimination. Knowing that 8 times 8 gives 64 means both (A) and (B) are true. Similarly, –9 times –9 results in 81 (D) meaning 81 is true. However, 6 times 6 gives 36, not 32. This means that (C) is not a true statement and is the solution to the problem. Competency 015

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40.

How is knowledge of a student's instructional reading level useful when planning reading instruction?
- It can help match the student to the right text for guided reading.
- It can be used to form groups that last all year long.
- It can be used to plan instruction for all subject areas.
- The teacher can read a class set of novels with the entire class.
Correct Answer

A. It can help match the student to the right text for guided reading.

Explanation

Instructional reading levels are texts that a student can read with at least 90-94% accuracy. Students should be matched with text that has a readability level that is best suited for their instructional level for supported instruction such as in guided reading. (B) is incorrect because teachers should use grouping for instruction in a more flexible fashion. (C) is incorrect because the student may have differing levels of ability in other subject areas. (D) is incorrect because it does not provide an example of more individualized reading instruction. Additionally, whole class reading does not take into account each student's reading level. Competency 012

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41.

Mr. Chapman is a third-grade teacher who is working at a school that is implementing a balanced reading program. He will use all of the following reading strategies in his classroom EXCEPT
- Reading to students (read aloud).
- Implementing shared reading, guided reading, and reading workshops.
- Having students engage in independent reading.
- Having students independently decode words in reading and writing.
Correct Answer

A. Having students independently decode words in reading and writing.

Explanation

A balanced reading program is one in which the teaching of reading requires solid skill instruction, including several techniques for decoding unknown words. However, having students decode words on their own is not considered to be the cornerstone of such a program. Competency 004

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42.

Identify the statement that best describes the relationship between the eight social studies strands and the TEKS in the implementation of the Texas curriculum.
- There is no connection between the TEKS and the social studies strands.
- The social studies strands have been used as a foundation for the development of the state curriculum.
- The strands apply to programs at the university level and the TEKS applies to K–12 curricula.
- The strands apply to programs at the high school level, while the TEKS applies to all grade levels.
Correct Answer

A. The social studies strands have been used as a foundation for the development of the state curriculum.

Explanation

The social studies strands are systematically integrated throughout the social studies state curriculum in grades K–12. (A) is incorrect based on the previous explanation. (C) and (D) are incorrect because the social studies strands are used in public education as well as in higher education. Competency 019

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43.

George placed a metal spoon on an open flame and the spoon became so hot that it burned his hands. What scientific principle represents this type of energy transfer?
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Convection
- Kinetics
Correct Answer

A. Conduction

Explanation

Conduction is a form of heat transfer. The metal of the spoon serves as a conductor of the heat emanating from the open flame. (A) is too generic because radiation describes different kinds of energy produced naturally by the sun and artificially by microwaves and cellular phones. (C) is incorrect because it does not describe the type of transfer of energy presented in the scenario. However, convection is also a form of heat transfer carried through movement of matter. For example, the heating of water in a pan creates movement of the liquid from the bottom to the top, forcing cold water down to the bottom of the pan, where it is heated. Kinetics (D) is a term used to describe movement, not energy transfer. Competency 033

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44.

Mr. Obama uses monosyllabic words to present the concept of onset and rimes. Identify the pair of words that best represents this concept.
- Want-ed—walk-ed
- Very—berry
- Think-ing—eat-ing
- S-ank—b-ank
Correct Answer

A. S-ank—b-ank

Explanation

Onsets represent the first phoneme of a syllable or a monosyllabic word like the words presented in choice (D). Rimes follow the onset and are linked to the concept of word families. The rime ank can be used to create multiple words, like blank, tank, rank, and flank. Choices (A) and (C) are generally used to represent verb tenses and cannot be considered the typical rime or word family. Choice (B) is incorrect because the two words do not represent onset and rimes. Instead, the example of very-berry represents a minimal pair—two words that differ in only one phoneme. Competency 003

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0
45.

A rubric to rate the writing skills of children in first grade should not place heavy emphasis on the mastery of spelling because
- The use of phonemic and invented spelling is part of specific stages of writing development in children.
- The use of standard spelling is not important in the development of compositions.
- Spelling addresses visual memory and should not be given great value.
- The development of standard spelling requires students to use structural and phonics rules effectively.
Correct Answer

A. The use of phonemic and invented spelling is part of specific stages of writing development in children.

Explanation

Children go through predictable stages of spelling development. During the initial stages, children invent words and use phonics skills as a foundation for spelling, which often results in nonstandard spelling. (B) and (C) are incorrect because spelling might not be the most important element in writing, but it is definitely important for effective writing. (D) is incorrect because it does not address the question. It just indicates that spelling requires phonics and structural rules, but it does not say why a rubric should not place heavy emphasis on spelling. Competency 010

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46.

How many lines of symmetry do all non-square rectangles have?
- 0
- 2
- 4
- 8
Correct Answer

A. 2

Explanation

If you can fold a two-dimensional figure so that one side exactly matches or folds onto the other side, the fold line is a line of symmetry. The figure in the problem is a non-square rectangle meaning two of the sides are longer than the other two. Because of this, the shape only has two lines of symmetry. Folding the object from one corner to its opposite corner would not result in a fold where the sides were on top of each other. Competency 016

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47.

All of the following are characteristics of emergent readers EXCEPT:
- Use illustrations in the texts they are reading to aid in their comprehension
- Develop awareness of the story structure
- Represent the stories read through the use of visual images and drawings
- Engage in self correction when text does not make sense to them
Correct Answer

A. Engage in self correction when text does not make sense to them

Explanation

Emergent readers will make use of various strategies for understanding print and make meaningful use of texts. They begin to develop the awareness of the story's structures. They will also use illustrations to understand what they are reading and use visual imagery to represent their stories. Although some emergent readers may begin to use self-correction, it is typically not a characteristic of emergent readers. Competency 003

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0
48.

Why might children in prekindergarten and kindergarten have problems understanding how the Earth is represented in globes and flat representations?
- They might not be developmentally ready to understand symbolic representations.
- They might pay more attention to the colors and features of globes and maps than the concepts being taught.
- They might not be interested in maps and globes.
- They might have problems recognizing the Earth's features presented on the 12-inch globe representation.
Correct Answer

A. They might not be developmentally ready to understand symbolic representations.

Explanation

Maps use symbolic representation, and children at that age rely mostly on concrete experiences for learning. The abstraction typical of maps' legends and other symbolic representations might not be developmentally appropriate for this age group. (B) is a plausible statement but not the best answer. Children initially will be inclined to use the globe as toys and pay attention to colors, but eventually they will understand its function through classroom instruction. (C) is incorrect because it presents an opinion not supported in the scenario. (D) is probably a true statement: Children will have problems conceptualizing how the Earth can be represented in a small 12-inch globe, but this choice is not the best answer because it addresses only one component of the question—globe representation. Competency 019

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49.

Identify the statement that best represents the rationale for the implementation of initial reading instruction in the student's native language.
- Reading skills are transferable from L1 to L2.
- Reading skills are identical in L1 and L2.
- Reading skills are confusing for English language learners (ELLs).
- Reading skills affect the cognitive process in bilingual students.
Correct Answer

A. Reading skills are transferable from L1 to L2.

Explanation

Research on second language acquisition suggests that a strong literacy development in L1 can facilitate the acquisition of similar levels of proficiency in L2. Some language specific variables together with literacy and metacognitive strategies can also transfer from L1 to L2. Reading skills are not identical in L1 and L2; (B) does not explain the rationale for implementing instruction in L1. (C) is probably an accurate statement, reading can be confusing for ELLs, but this statement does not address the question. (D) represents an opinion that fails to provide the rationale for the implementation of initial reading instruction in L1. Competency 007

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TExES Generalist Ec-6 191 Exam (Practice Test I)

Oftentimes the use of acronyms facilitates the learning process. What is a common acronym for remembering the order of operations?

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