Ran Volte Assessment - Restored

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| By SANDHYA RUDRARAJU
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1. Which of the following can impact peformance of a VoLTE call

Explanation

Jitter, packet loss, and latency can all impact the performance of a VoLTE call. Jitter refers to the variation in the delay of packets, which can cause disruptions in the call quality. Packet loss occurs when packets of data are not successfully transmitted, resulting in missing or distorted audio during the call. Latency refers to the delay in the transmission of data, which can cause delays in the conversation and affect the real-time nature of the call. All of these factors can contribute to a degraded VoLTE call experience.

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About This Quiz
Ran Volte Assessment - Restored - Quiz

RAN VoLTE ASSESSMENT
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QUIZ comprises of 40 QUESTIONS
Total time to complete is 60 MINUTES
Passing Score is 75%
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2. There is one APN per Default Bearer and each Default Bearer have their own IP addresses and QoS parameters  

Explanation

Each Default Bearer in a network has its own Access Point Name (APN), which represents a specific network service or function. Each APN is associated with its own IP addresses and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. This allows for different levels of priority and performance for each Default Bearer. Therefore, the statement that there is one APN per Default Bearer and each Default Bearer has its own IP addresses and QoS parameters is true.

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3. QoS

Explanation

Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of a network or system to prioritize and deliver different types of data or services based on their importance and requirements. It ensures that critical services, such as voice and video, are given higher priority and are delivered with minimal delay and packet loss. QoS helps to maintain a consistent and reliable performance for applications and services, even during periods of high network traffic or congestion.

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4. The subscribers profiles stored in which node?

Explanation

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is responsible for storing the subscriber profiles in a telecommunications network. It contains information about the subscribers' identities, authentication credentials, service profiles, and other relevant data. Therefore, the correct answer is HSS.

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5. What message could be used to terminate a session?

Explanation

The message that could be used to terminate a session is "BYE". This message is commonly used in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to indicate the end of a session. It is sent by one party to indicate their desire to end the call or session, and the other party responds with a "200 OK" message to acknowledge the termination. The "BYE" message helps in gracefully ending the session and freeing up any resources that were being used.

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6. RTP stands for

Explanation

RTP stands for Real-Time Transport Protocol. This protocol is used for delivering audio and video over IP networks. It provides mechanisms for the timely and synchronized delivery of data packets, ensuring that real-time applications such as video conferencing and streaming media can be transmitted in a smooth and efficient manner. RTP works in conjunction with other protocols such as UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for transport and RTCP (Real-Time Control Protocol) for monitoring and control.

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7. GBR stands for...

Explanation

GBR stands for "Guarantee Bit Rate". This term is commonly used in telecommunications to refer to a guaranteed minimum rate of data transfer or transmission. It ensures that a certain amount of bandwidth is allocated or reserved for a specific service or application, guaranteeing a minimum level of performance.

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8. SRVCC

Explanation

SRVCC stands for Single Radio Voice Call Continuity. This term refers to a feature in telecommunications that allows for seamless handover of a voice call from an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network to a 2G or 3G network. This ensures that the call remains uninterrupted as the user moves between different network technologies. Therefore, the correct answer is "single radio voice call continuity".

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9. SIP stands for

Explanation

SIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol. It is a communication protocol used for initiating, modifying, and terminating sessions between participants over an IP network. It is commonly used for voice and video calls, instant messaging, and other multimedia communications. The other options, silent insertion protocol, session insertion portion, and season initiation protocol, are not valid definitions for SIP.

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10. What messages could be used to change an established session?

Explanation

The UPDATE message can be used to change an established session. This message is typically used in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to modify the parameters of an existing session, such as changing the media characteristics or updating the session description. By sending an UPDATE message, the sender can request changes to be made to the session, allowing for updates and modifications during an ongoing session.

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11. One of the tasks performed by I-CSCF is

Explanation

The I-CSCF is responsible for routing SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) requests received from another network towards the S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF). This means that when a SIP request is received by the I-CSCF, it determines the appropriate destination within the network and forwards the request to the S-CSCF for further processing. This task helps in ensuring that the SIP requests are efficiently routed within the network, allowing for seamless communication between different networks.

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12. MME sends out Authentication Request with the following authentication vectors/parameters

Explanation

The MME sends out an Authentication Request with the authentication vectors/parameters KASME, RAND, XRES, and AUTN. The correct answer is options 2 and 4, which means that both RAND and AUTN are included in the Authentication Request.

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13. ARP

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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14. What message is returned when the server received a request that contains a Max-Forwards header field with the value zero, too many hops?

Explanation

When the server receives a request that contains a Max-Forwards header field with the value zero, it means that the request has reached the maximum number of allowed hops or forwarding. In this case, the server returns a SIP 483 message, indicating that the request has been stopped due to too many hops.

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15. Which of the following messages are Sip Responses

Explanation

The correct answer is "Option A & C" because both "100 Trying" and "408 Request Time out" are SIP responses. "100 Trying" is a provisional response indicating that the server has received the initial request and is processing it. "408 Request Time out" is a final response indicating that the server did not receive a timely response from the client and the request has timed out. "PRACK" is not a SIP response but a method used for provisional acknowledgment of a provisional response.

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16. Which node provides multimedia telephony service and supplementary services? 

Explanation

MTAS stands for Multimedia Telephony Application Server, which is a node that provides multimedia telephony service and supplementary services. It is responsible for handling multimedia calls, such as voice and video calls, and also offers additional services like call forwarding, call waiting, and call transfer. MTAS plays a crucial role in enabling multimedia communication and enhancing the overall user experience in telephony services.

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17. The protocol stack in the following figure is for __________________ interface

Explanation

The protocol stack in the figure is for the S1-C interface.

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18. DRX stands for...

Explanation

DRX stands for Discontinuous Reception. It is a power-saving feature in mobile networks where the device periodically switches off its receiver to conserve battery life. This allows the device to conserve power when there is no data to receive, and it periodically wakes up to check for any incoming data. Discontinuous reception helps to optimize battery usage in mobile devices while still maintaining connectivity to the network.

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19. What protocol stack is used over the S1-U interface?

Explanation

The S1-U interface uses the GTP/UDP/IP/L1,L2 protocol stack. This stack includes the GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) for tunneling user data, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for transport, IP (Internet Protocol) for addressing and routing, and L1,L2 (Layer 1, Layer 2) for the physical and data link layers of the network.

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20. IMS has a layered architecture.

Explanation

IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is a telecommunications framework that enables the delivery of IP-based multimedia services. It follows a layered architecture, which means that it is structured into different layers, each responsible for specific functionalities. This layered architecture allows for modular design, easier maintenance, and scalability. Therefore, the statement that IMS has a layered architecture is true.

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21. The interface between S and P Gateway is

Explanation

The correct answer is Options B & C because the interface between the S and P Gateway can be either S5 or S8.

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22. GUTI=

Explanation

The correct answer is GUMMEI+M-TMSI. GUTI stands for Globally Unique Temporary Identifier and it is composed of GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME Identifier) and M-TMSI (Mapped Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity). GUMMEI is used to uniquely identify the Mobility Management Entity (MME) in a mobile network, while M-TMSI is a temporary identifier assigned to a mobile subscriber. Therefore, GUMMEI+M-TMSI is the correct combination to form the GUTI.

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23. UE sends out a Attach Request to the MME and identifies itself with

Explanation

The correct answer is GUTI. When a UE sends an Attach Request to the MME, it identifies itself using the GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier). The GUTI is a temporary identifier assigned to the UE by the MME and is used for identification and authentication purposes in the LTE network. It helps the MME to track and manage the UE's mobility and session information. The IMEA, PLMN ID, and GUMMEI are not used for identifying the UE during the Attach procedure.

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24. One of the tasks performed by I-CSCF is

Explanation

The I-CSCF (Interrogating-Call Session Control Function) is responsible for assigning the S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) during the initial registration process, in cooperation with the HSS (Home Subscriber Server). The S-CSCF is the entity that handles call session control for a specific user, so it is important for the I-CSCF to assign the appropriate S-CSCF based on the user's registration information. This ensures that the user's call sessions are properly managed and routed within the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) network.

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25. Which interface connects the PGW and P-CSCF?

Explanation

The interface that connects the PGW and P-CSCF is Sgi.

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26. TTI bundling is only benefitial for UE in ____

Explanation

TTI bundling, or Transmission Time Interval bundling, is a technique used in wireless communication systems to improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. It involves combining multiple TTI intervals into a single transmission, which can be beneficial in bad radio conditions. In bad radio conditions, the signal quality may be poor, leading to a higher chance of errors and packet loss. By bundling multiple TTIs together, the chances of successfully receiving the data increase, as it allows for retransmissions and error correction mechanisms to be applied more effectively. Therefore, TTI bundling is particularly beneficial in bad radio conditions to improve the overall performance and reliability of the user equipment (UE).

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27. Initial Context Setup Request sent to eNB contains

Explanation

The Initial Context Setup Request sent to eNB contains the IP of SGW and TEID. These two options are necessary for establishing the initial context between the eNB and the SGW. The IP of SGW is needed to establish the connection with the SGW, while the TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Identifier) is used to identify the specific tunnel between the eNB and the SGW. Therefore, both options C and D are correct.

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28. IMS stands for

Explanation

IMS stands for IP multimedia subsystem. This is a framework that enables the delivery of multimedia services over IP networks. It provides a standardized architecture for integrating various communication services such as voice, video, messaging, and data. The IP multimedia subsystem allows for the seamless integration of different networks, devices, and applications, providing users with a consistent and unified experience across multiple platforms.

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29. GUTI = GUMMEI + IMSI  

Explanation

The equation GUTI = GUMMEI + IMSI is not true. The GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier) is not equal to the sum of the GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME Identifier) and IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity). Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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30. PCRF and SBG talk to each other using

Explanation

PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) and SBG (Serving and Border Gateway) communicate with each other using the Diameter Protocol. Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) protocol used in telecommunications networks. It provides a secure and reliable way for PCRF and SBG to exchange information and perform functions such as policy control and charging. GTP-C (GPRS Tunneling Protocol - Control Plane), GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol - User Plane), and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) are also used in telecommunications networks, but they are not specifically mentioned in the question as the protocol used for communication between PCRF and SBG.

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31. IMSI =

Explanation

The correct answer is MCC+MNC+MSIN. IMSI stands for International Mobile Subscriber Identity and is a unique identifier for a mobile subscriber. It consists of three parts: MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number). The MCC identifies the country, the MNC identifies the mobile network within the country, and the MSIN identifies the individual subscriber within the network. Therefore, the correct format for IMSI is MCC+MNC+MSIN.

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32. Which nodes execute access transfer for SRVCC in IMS?

Explanation

ATCF (Access Transfer Control Function) and SCC-AS (Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server) nodes are responsible for executing access transfer for SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) in IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). These nodes facilitate the seamless handover of voice calls from LTE to 3G networks, ensuring uninterrupted service for the user.

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33. What message is generated by the system on a request timeout?

Explanation

When a request timeout occurs, the system generates the message "SIP 408". This message indicates that the server was unable to respond to the request within the allocated time.

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34. A dialogue contains the following

Explanation

The correct answer is Options A & C because a dialogue that contains multiple transactions with the same call id and multiple charging vectors, as well as call id and tags, would include both options A and C. Multiple transactions with the same call id indicate that there are multiple interactions or exchanges happening within the dialogue. Multiple charging vectors suggest that different charging methods or rates are being applied. And the presence of call id and tags indicates that there is a way to identify and categorize different parts of the dialogue.

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35. The interface between PCRF and IMS is __________. Refer to Figure below.

Explanation

The interface between PCRF and IMS is Rx. Rx is a reference point defined by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) for the control plane interaction between the PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) and the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). It is responsible for the exchange of policy and charging related information between these two network elements.

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36. What is the correct explanation of the error message – "408 Request Time out"? (Hint: Refer to RFC3261)

Explanation

The error message "408 Request Time out" indicates that the server was unable to generate a response within a reasonable timeframe. This could be due to various reasons such as network congestion, server overload, or issues with the server's processing capabilities. The server may retry the request by creating a new request with appropriate modifications, but in this specific case, the error message simply signifies a timeout in receiving a response from the server.

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37. What message indicates that the system is unable to process the request because the message length exceeded its capabilities?

Explanation

SIP 513 indicates that the system is unable to process the request because the message length exceeded its capabilities.

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38. ___ QCI is associated to __ DRX profile 

Explanation

QCI stands for Quality of Service Class Identifier and is used in LTE networks to prioritize different types of data traffic. DRX stands for Discontinuous Reception and is a power-saving feature in LTE networks. The QCI is associated with the DRX profile to determine the level of power saving and resource allocation for a specific type of data traffic. In this case, the correct answer is "Each, 1" which means that each QCI is associated with a DRX profile of 1, indicating a moderate level of power saving and resource allocation.

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39. The Dedicated Bearers "belongs/linked" to a default bearer and will use the same user plane IP address as the default bearer to which it belong. 

Explanation

The statement is true because the Dedicated Bearers are connected to a default bearer and they will utilize the same user plane IP address as the default bearer they are associated with. This means that the Dedicated Bearers will share the same IP address as the default bearer, ensuring seamless communication and connectivity between them.

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40. Diameter Protocol is defined by

Explanation

The correct answer is IETF. The Diameter Protocol is a computer networking protocol that is used for AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) services. It was initially defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 3588 and has since been updated and extended by various IETF working groups. The protocol is widely used in telecommunications networks for applications such as 3G and 4G mobile networks, Wi-Fi hotspots, and IP multimedia subsystems.

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41. If the UE sends out an Attach Request with an unknown GUTI then...

Explanation

When the UE sends out an Attach Request with an unknown GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier), it means that the MME (Mobility Management Entity) does not recognize the GUTI provided by the UE. In this case, the MME will send out an Identity Request to the UE. This request is sent to obtain the UE's identity information, such as the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) or the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity), in order to validate and authenticate the UE before proceeding with the Attach procedure.

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42. Which node provides the possibility to offer IMS centralized services (ICS) and single radio voice call continuity (SR-VCC)?

Explanation

The SCC-AS (Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server) node provides the possibility to offer IMS centralized services (ICS) and single radio voice call continuity (SR-VCC). The SCC-AS is responsible for managing and coordinating the centralized services in the IMS network, allowing for seamless handover of voice calls between different access networks. It ensures that the user experience remains uninterrupted and consistent, regardless of the network technology being used.

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43. If the UE has set the EPS Session Management (ESM) Information Transfer flag in the PDN Connectivity Request message, the MME

Explanation

If the UE has set the EPS Session Management (ESM) Information Transfer flag in the PDN Connectivity Request message, it indicates that the UE wants to transfer ESM information to the network. In this case, the MME will send an ESM Information Request to the UE, requesting the necessary information. This allows the network to gather the required ESM information from the UE for further processing and establishment of the session.

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44. The protocol stack found below is for __________________ interface 

Explanation

The given protocol stack includes S11, S5, and S8 interfaces. Therefore, the correct answer is "All the above" as it encompasses all the mentioned interfaces.

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45. What message is returned when the request could not be understood due to malformed syntax?

Explanation

When a request cannot be understood due to malformed syntax, the server returns a SIP 400 message. This indicates that there was an error in the syntax of the request, preventing the server from understanding it.

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46. Which of the following codecs can be used for HD voice?

Explanation

The codec 12.65 AMR-WB can be used for HD voice.

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47. The interface between MME and MSC is

Explanation

The interface between MME and MSC is Sv.

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48. ________  interface enables the PCRF to provision PCC Rules.

Explanation

The Gx interface enables the PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) to provision PCC (Policy and Charging Control) rules. This interface allows the PCRF to communicate with other network elements such as the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) to control and enforce policies related to charging and quality of service (QoS) for subscribers. Through the Gx interface, the PCRF can send PCC rules to the PCEF for implementation, ensuring that the appropriate policies are applied to the subscriber's data sessions.

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49. Which node has the function to provide the encryption and authentication keys of the user?

Explanation

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is the node that provides the encryption and authentication keys of the user. It stores the subscriber's information, including the keys used for encryption and authentication, and is responsible for authenticating and authorizing the user's access to the network. The HSS plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and privacy of the user's communications.

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50. Bearers of traffic pass through the P-CSCF

Explanation

The statement "Bearers of traffic pass through the P-CSCF" is false. P-CSCF (Proxy-Call Session Control Function) is a component in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) that is responsible for handling the signaling of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) messages. It does not handle the actual data traffic or bearers. The bearers of traffic in an IMS network are handled by other components such as the Media Gateway (MGW) or the Media Resource Function (MRF).

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51. What SIP message is used to establish a session in IMS?

Explanation

The correct answer is INVITE. In the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) architecture, the INVITE message is used to initiate a session between two parties. This message is sent by the calling party to the called party, indicating a desire to establish a session. The INVITE message includes information such as the media capabilities and preferences of the calling party. Once the called party accepts the invitation, a session is established and media can be exchanged between the two parties.

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52. Which node is the access point to IMS for all the user equipment?

Explanation

P-CSCF stands for Proxy-Call Session Control Function and it serves as the access point to the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for all user equipment. It is responsible for handling signaling between the user equipment and the IMS network. P-CSCF performs functions such as authentication, authorization, and routing of the user's session requests. It acts as a proxy for the user equipment, forwarding the session requests to the appropriate IMS network elements. Therefore, P-CSCF is the correct answer as it is the node that serves as the access point to IMS for all user equipment.

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53. VOLTE signaling goes via

Explanation

The correct answer is QCI5 because QCI stands for Quality of Service Class Identifier, which is used in LTE networks to prioritize different types of traffic. QCI5 is specifically used for VoLTE (Voice over LTE) signaling, which means that the signaling for voice calls over LTE networks is sent using QCI5. This ensures that the signaling for VoLTE is given the appropriate priority and quality of service to ensure a reliable and high-quality voice call experience.

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54. The protocol stack in the following figure is for __________________ interface

Explanation

The protocol stack in the given figure is for the S1-U, S5, and S8 interfaces. The phrase "All the above" indicates that all of the mentioned interfaces are included in the protocol stack.

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55. RRC Re-establishement benefit are 

Explanation

RRC re-establishment is a procedure in LTE where the connection between the UE (User Equipment) and the network is re-established after a temporary interruption. RLF (Radio Link Failure) refers to the loss of communication between the UE and the eNodeB (base station). The given answer suggests that a VOLTE (Voice over LTE) call can survive a RLF, meaning that even if there is a failure in the radio link, the VOLTE call will not be interrupted and will continue to function.

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56. Standards for VoLTE are defined in

Explanation

GSMA IR.92 is the correct answer because it is a technical specification developed by the GSM Association (GSMA) that specifically defines the standards for Voice over LTE (VoLTE). RFC3261 is a standard for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) used in VoIP, but it does not specifically define VoLTE standards. 3GPP - Release 8 is a set of standards for mobile communications, but it does not specifically focus on VoLTE. Therefore, the correct answer is GSMA IR.92.

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57. VoLTE is enabled per Tracking Area in MME.

Explanation

VoLTE (Voice over LTE) is a technology that allows voice calls to be made over a 4G LTE network. In the context of the MME (Mobility Management Entity), which is a key component of the LTE network, VoLTE is enabled per Tracking Area. A Tracking Area is a geographical area within the LTE network that is used for tracking the location of mobile devices. Enabling VoLTE per Tracking Area means that VoLTE functionality is activated and available for use within that specific area. Therefore, the statement "VoLTE is enabled per Tracking Area in MME" is true.

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58. Which node has the responsibility of enabling services, subscribed by the users, by contacting the appropriate Application Server?

Explanation

The S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) node is responsible for enabling services subscribed by the users by contacting the appropriate Application Server. The S-CSCF acts as a central control point for call sessions and is involved in call setup, routing, and service control. It communicates with the HSS (Home Subscriber Server) to retrieve user profiles and service information, and then contacts the appropriate Application Server to enable the requested services for the users. The MTAS (Multimedia Telephony Application Server) and MRF (Media Resource Function) are not directly involved in this process.

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59. The control server in IMS handle the following functions

Explanation

The control server in IMS handles security, charging, and inter-working towards external nodes. These functions are crucial for ensuring the secure and efficient operation of the IMS network. Security involves protecting the network from unauthorized access and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Charging involves the accurate measurement and billing of services provided by the network. Inter-working towards external nodes refers to the ability of the IMS network to connect and communicate with other networks or systems. These functions are essential for the overall performance and reliability of the IMS network.

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60. The MSc will initiate a call towards IMS (TAS) during SRVCC.  

Explanation

During SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity), the MSc (Mobile Switching Center) does not initiate a call towards IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) TAS (Telephony Application Server). Instead, the MSc facilitates the handover of the call from the LTE network to the legacy circuit-switched network. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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61. VOLTE enabler features includes….

Explanation

The correct answer is TTI Bundling, DRX, RoHC. These features are part of the VOLTE enabler. TTI Bundling stands for Transmission Time Interval Bundling, which combines multiple radio frames into one transmission to improve efficiency. DRX stands for Discontinuous Reception, which allows the device to periodically turn off the receiver to save power. RoHC stands for Robust Header Compression, which reduces the size of IP headers to optimize bandwidth usage. These features are essential for providing a reliable and efficient VOLTE service.

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62. The UE and the PGW is using ___________ to filter which packet goes in which bearer. 

Explanation

The correct answer is TFT (Traffic Flow Templates). Traffic Flow Templates are used by the UE (User Equipment) and the PGW (Packet Gateway) to filter and determine which packets should go in which bearer. IFC (Initial Filter Criteria) is a term used in network security, but it is not specifically related to packet filtering in this context. TCP/UDP ports are used for identifying specific applications or services, but they do not directly determine packet filtering. Therefore, the correct answer is TFT (Traffic Flow Templates).

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63. Public user Identity is use for routing purpose.  

Explanation

The statement is true because public user identity is used for routing purposes. This means that when a user sends a request to a server, their public user identity is used to determine the appropriate route for the request to be directed to. This helps ensure that the request is sent to the correct destination and that the user's data is handled appropriately.

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64. GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane (GTP-U)is used for signaling between

Explanation

The GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane (GTP-U) is used for signaling between various network elements. It is used for signaling between E-NB and S-GW, S-GW and P-GW, as well as SGSN and P-GW. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as GTP-U is used for signaling between all of these network elements.

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65. What information should be included in the access transfer request?

Explanation

The access transfer request should include the STN-SR (Serving Transit Node - Serving Radio network) and C-MSISDN (Charging Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number). These parameters are necessary for the transfer of access from one network to another. The MSISDN (Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number) and IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) are not relevant for the access transfer request. Similarly, the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) and RNC (Radio Network Controller) IDs, as well as the MME (Mobility Management Entity) and MSC IDs, are not required for this specific request.

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66. RLC UM is for

Explanation

The correct answer is QCI1 because QCI1 is the highest priority QoS class for RLC UM (Unacknowledged Mode). RLC UM is a mode of the Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol in LTE networks, which is used for transmitting data without requiring acknowledgment from the receiver. QCI1 is typically used for delay-sensitive applications such as voice over IP (VoIP) and real-time video streaming, where low latency and high reliability are crucial. Therefore, QCI1 is the most appropriate QoS class for RLC UM in this scenario.

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67. Create Session Request send out by MME to PGW includes

Explanation

The Create Session Request sent out by the MME to the PGW includes both IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Identifier). IMSI is a unique identifier for a mobile subscriber, while TEID is used to identify the tunnel endpoint in the LTE network. Therefore, both options 1 and 2 are correct.

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68.
What SIP message is used to let the IMS network know where the user located?

Explanation

The REGISTER SIP message is used to let the IMS network know where the user is located. This message is sent by the user's device to the IMS network to register its current location and availability. By sending a REGISTER message, the user's device informs the IMS network about its current IP address and other relevant information, allowing the network to route incoming calls and messages to the correct location.

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69. Which IMS node is responsible for identifying the S-CSCF of the  UE?

Explanation

The I-CSCF (Interrogating-Call Session Control Function) is responsible for identifying the S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) of the UE (User Equipment) in an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) network. The I-CSCF acts as a front-end for the S-CSCF, receiving requests from the UE and forwarding them to the appropriate S-CSCF based on the user's profile and location. It plays a crucial role in the call setup and routing process within the IMS network.

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70. ENB decodes the codec...

Explanation

ENB (Evolved Node B) does not decode the codec. The decoding of the codec is done by the UE (User Equipment) or the mobile device. The ENB is responsible for receiving and transmitting the radio signals between the UE and the core network. It handles tasks such as modulation, demodulation, and channel coding, but it does not directly decode the codec used for audio or video data.

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71. What is the reason for MO call setup failure? Refer to call flow in Figure below.

Explanation

The reason for MO call setup failure is that the user disconnects the call. This means that the user intentionally ends the call before it can be successfully set up.

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72. When is the SIP dialog successfully established?

Explanation

When the receiver sends back a 200 OK message to the caller and the caller responds with an ACK, the SIP dialog is successfully established. This indicates that the initial request from the caller has been accepted by the receiver and the communication can proceed.

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73. S-TMSI is combination of which of the two IDs?

Explanation

The correct answer is MMEC & M-TMSI. S-TMSI stands for "Serving Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity" and it is a combination of MMEC (Mobile Management Entity Code) and M-TMSI (Mobile Temporary Subscriber Identity). MMEC is a unique identifier assigned to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) in the LTE network, while M-TMSI is a temporary identifier assigned to a mobile subscriber by the MME. Together, MMEC and M-TMSI form the S-TMSI, which is used for identification and tracking of mobile subscribers within the LTE network.

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74. QCI 1 needs to be configured in eNB with…

Explanation

The correct answer is RLC UM. QCI 1 is a Quality of Service Class Identifier used in LTE networks to prioritize traffic. RLC UM stands for Radio Link Control Unacknowledged Mode, which is a type of RLC mode used for data transfer in the LTE network. It provides an unreliable and unacknowledged mode of transmission, suitable for non-delay sensitive traffic. Configuring QCI 1 with RLC UM in the eNB ensures that the traffic with QCI 1 receives the appropriate level of service and priority in the LTE network.

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75. What is the default value of T1 timer?

Explanation

The default value of the T1 timer is 500 ms.

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76. Distinct IMPI is stored by.....

Explanation

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) stores the distinct IMPI (IP Multimedia Private Identity). The HSS is responsible for managing subscriber information in an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network. It stores user profiles, including authentication and authorization data, and provides this information to other network elements when needed. Therefore, the HSS is the correct entity to store the distinct IMPI.

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77. QCI

Explanation

The correct answer is "Quality of Service Class Indicators." QCI stands for Quality of Service Class Indicators, which are used in telecommunications to measure and classify the quality of service provided by a network. QCI values are assigned to different types of traffic to prioritize and ensure the appropriate level of service quality for each type. This helps in managing network resources efficiently and providing a better user experience.

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78. Which node determines the S-CSCF that serves a user as well as the HSS in which his data are stored?

Explanation

The I-CSCF (Interrogating Call Session Control Function) node determines the S-CSCF (Serving Call Session Control Function) that serves a user as well as the HSS (Home Subscriber Server) in which his data are stored. The I-CSCF is responsible for receiving SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) requests from the user and forwarding them to the appropriate S-CSCF based on the user's location and other factors. The S-CSCF then handles the call control and session setup for the user, while the HSS stores the user's data such as authentication information and service profiles.

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79. What part of the INVITE message content media information of the caller?

Explanation

The correct answer is SDP. SDP stands for Session Description Protocol, which is a format used to describe multimedia sessions in a network. In the context of an INVITE message, SDP is used to provide media information of the caller, such as the type of media being used (audio, video, etc.), the codecs supported, and the network addresses and ports for the media streams. The SDP content in the INVITE message allows the recipient to understand and negotiate the media capabilities and requirements for the call.

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80. How many QCI profile configured in eNB?

Explanation

The correct answer is 9. This suggests that there are 9 QCI profiles configured in the eNB.

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81. What is in LCG 3?

Explanation

The correct answer is QCI 9/best effort traffic. This means that in LCG 3, the quality of service for the traffic is set to QCI 9, which is the lowest priority level and provides best effort service. This suggests that the traffic in LCG 3 is given the least priority and may experience delays or lower quality compared to other traffic with higher QCI levels.

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82. Which node acts as a gateway for the IMS network, and it is located at the edge of each administrative domain?

Explanation

The I-CSCF (Interrogating Call Session Control Function) node acts as a gateway for the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) network and is located at the edge of each administrative domain. It is responsible for receiving SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) requests from user devices and determining the appropriate S-CSCF (Serving Call Session Control Function) to handle the call. The I-CSCF also performs functions such as routing, policy enforcement, and security checks.

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83. Which node ensures network security, bandwidth fraud protection, topology hiding?

Explanation

SBG stands for Security Border Gateway. It is responsible for ensuring network security by protecting against fraud, such as bandwidth fraud, and hiding the network topology. This node acts as a gateway and controls the flow of traffic between different networks, ensuring that only authorized and secure connections are allowed.

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84. What message is returned due to a configuration issue or a failure condition in a server?

Explanation

A SIP 500 message is returned due to a configuration issue or a failure condition in a server.

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85. TRUE OR FALSE: A call is considered to be setup successfully if an INVITE from MO reaches MT and 183 session description is followed by 180 ringing message.

Explanation

The statement is false because a call is considered to be setup successfully if an INVITE from MO reaches MT and is followed by a 200 OK message, indicating that the call has been accepted. The 183 session description and 180 ringing messages are not sufficient to determine the success of the call setup.

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86. The Service Request procedure is used to change the state of MME Context to

Explanation

The Service Request procedure is used to change the state of MME Context to ECM - CONNECTED. This means that when a service request is initiated, the MME Context transitions to the connected state. The other options - EMM - REGISTERED and ECM - IDLE - do not accurately represent the state change that occurs during the Service Request procedure. Therefore, the correct answer is ECM - CONNECTED.

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87. A new GUTI will always be allocated during

Explanation

During the Detach procedure, a new GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier) will always be allocated to the mobile device. Similarly, during a Tracking Area Update from another MME (Mobility Management Entity), a new GUTI will also be allocated. Therefore, both options B (Detach) and C (Tracking Area Update from other MME) are correct as they both involve the allocation of a new GUTI.

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88. P-CSCF authenticates users within IMS

Explanation

P-CSCF does not authenticate users within IMS. P-CSCF stands for Proxy-Call Session Control Function, which is responsible for forwarding SIP messages between the user equipment and the IMS network. It does not handle user authentication, as that is typically done by other network elements such as the HSS (Home Subscriber Server) or the S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function). Therefore, the statement that P-CSCF authenticates users within IMS is false.

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89. RoHC function as

Explanation

RoHC stands for Robust Header Compression. It is a protocol used in IP networks to compress the IP, UDP, and RTP/UDP headers in order to reduce the overhead of the packet size. This compression is done at the source and decompressed at the destination. Therefore, the correct answer is "compressor" as RoHC functions as a compressor.

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90. MME initiates S1 Release procedure due to SRVCC

Explanation

The statement is true because the MME (Mobility Management Entity) is responsible for initiating the S1 Release procedure when the SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) feature is being used. SRVCC allows for seamless handover of voice calls from LTE (Long-Term Evolution) to 3G or 2G networks. When a voice call needs to be handed over, the MME initiates the S1 Release procedure to release the LTE resources and establish the call on the target network.

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91. The connectivity layer in IMS architecture comprises of

Explanation

The connectivity layer in IMS architecture comprises of routers and switches. Routers are responsible for directing network traffic between different networks, while switches are used to connect devices within a network. In the context of IMS, routers and switches play a crucial role in ensuring efficient and reliable communication between various components of the IMS network. They help in routing and forwarding data packets, managing network connections, and maintaining network security. Therefore, routers and switches are essential components of the connectivity layer in IMS architecture.

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92. The control layer in IMS architecture comprises of

Explanation

The control layer in IMS architecture is responsible for managing and controlling the network. It includes functions such as session control, call control, and policy control. Network control servers play a crucial role in this layer as they handle tasks like routing, signaling, and session establishment. They ensure efficient communication between different network elements and enable the delivery of services to end-users. DNS/ENUM functionality, routers & switches, and content servers are important components in IMS architecture, but they do not specifically belong to the control layer.

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93. What timer is started at every INVITE and if no response is received it is doubled and a new INVITE is retransmitted till a timerout vale TimerB is reached?

Explanation

Timer A is started at every INVITE and if no response is received, it is doubled and a new INVITE is retransmitted until a timeout value Timer B is reached.

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94. GPRS Tunneling Protocol for Control Plane (GTP-C)is used for signaling between

Explanation

GPRS Tunneling Protocol for Control Plane (GTP-C) is a protocol used for signaling between various network elements in a mobile network. It is used for signaling between two MMEs, between MME and SGSN, and between MME and S-GW/P-GW. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as GTP-C is used for signaling between all these network elements.

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95. What is the maximum PDB limit for GBR?

Explanation

The maximum PDB limit for GBR is 300 ms. This means that the Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) for a connection cannot exceed 300 milliseconds. The GBR is a measure of the minimum rate at which a network connection can transmit data. In this case, the maximum limit is set at 300 ms, indicating that the connection cannot transmit data at a rate higher than this value.

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96. Which node ensures Quality of Service (QoS), service level agreements, hosted NAT/FW traversal, port translation, and Protocol translation?

Explanation

SBG stands for Service Border Gateway. It is responsible for ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) and service level agreements, as well as providing hosted NAT/FW traversal, port translation, and protocol translation. SBG acts as a gateway between different networks and ensures that the necessary services and translations are performed to maintain the desired level of service and connectivity.

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97. The transport, application protocol, QCI value, and GBR for the message in the Figure below are  _________,________,_________&_________.

Explanation

The transport protocol used for the message in the figure is UDP, as indicated by the second option. The application protocol used is GTPV2, as stated in the same option. The QCI value is 1 and the GBR is 38, as also mentioned in the second option. Therefore, the correct answer is UDP, GTPV2, 1 & 38.

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98. What message indicates that there are not enough steering pool ports available for a call or the required bandwidth exceeds what is available for either endpoint?

Explanation

SIP 503 indicates that there are not enough steering pool ports available for a call or the required bandwidth exceeds what is available for either endpoint.

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99. Which node provides the point of control within the network that enables operators to control all service delivery and all sessions?

Explanation

The S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) node provides the point of control within the network that enables operators to control all service delivery and all sessions. It is responsible for session control and service delivery for IP multimedia services. It receives session initiation requests from the I-CSCF (Interrogating-Call Session Control Function) and interacts with other network elements to establish and manage sessions. The S-CSCF acts as a central point for controlling the delivery of services and managing sessions within the network.

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100. The subscribers profiles are sent from which node to which node?

Explanation

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) sends the subscribers' profiles to the Serving-Call Session Control Function (S-CSCF). This is important because the S-CSCF needs access to the subscribers' profiles in order to provide the appropriate services and handle call sessions effectively.

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101. Which node provides the ability to correlate all signaling and media streams (such as audio and video) that pass the network borders? 

Explanation

The SBG node provides the ability to correlate all signaling and media streams that pass the network borders. It acts as a border gateway and is responsible for handling the signaling and media traffic between different networks. It ensures that all the streams are properly correlated and routed to the appropriate destinations. The other options, MTAS, HSS, and MRF, do not have the specific functionality of correlating signaling and media streams across network borders.

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102. The CSCF modules used in MMTEL are

Explanation

The correct answer is P-CSCF (Proxy), I-CSCF (Interrogating). These modules are used in MMTEL (Multimedia Telephony) services. P-CSCF acts as a proxy between the user and the network, handling signaling and media for the session. I-CSCF is responsible for routing and session control, ensuring that the session reaches the intended recipient. The other modules mentioned (MGCF, BGCF, SBG, ATCF) are not specific to MMTEL and have different roles in the network.

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103. What timer is used for maximum duration a message remains in the network?

Explanation

T4 is the correct answer because it represents the timer used for the maximum duration a message remains in the network. The other options (T1, T2, and Timer A) do not specify the maximum duration and therefore are not the correct choices.

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104. What is the first node in the network at which SRVCC is triggered?

Explanation

SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) is a feature in telecommunications that allows a voice call to be seamlessly transferred from an LTE (Long Term Evolution) network to a 2G or 3G network. The eNodeB, or Evolved Node B, is the base station in an LTE network. It is responsible for radio access and communication with user devices. Therefore, it is the first node in the network at which SRVCC is triggered, as it initiates the transfer of the voice call to a different network.

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105. What message indicates that the UAS received a request that does not match any existing dialog or transaction on the system?

Explanation

SIP 481 indicates that the UAS (User Agent Server) received a request that does not match any existing dialog or transaction on the system. This means that the request does not correspond to any ongoing communication or transaction that the UAS is aware of.

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106. Which node provides announcements and multi-party call service to users?

Explanation

MRFP stands for Media Resource Function Processor. It is a node that provides announcements and multi-party call service to users. This means that it is responsible for handling the media resources required for services like announcements and multi-party calls. HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is responsible for storing subscriber data, MTAS (Multimedia Telephony Application Server) is responsible for providing multimedia services, and SCC-AS (Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server) is responsible for providing service continuity. Therefore, MRFP is the correct answer for the given question.

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107. Delay based scheduling bundle ____ packets for scheduling efficiency.

Explanation

Delay based scheduling bundles 2 packets for scheduling efficiency.

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108. One of the tasks performed by S-CSCF is

Explanation

The S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) performs multiple tasks, including supervision of ongoing sessions, routing of sessions, and forking of multimedia functions. These tasks are essential for the proper functioning of the session control function in a communication network. Therefore, the correct answer is "All the above."

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109. Which of the nodes acts as UAS and UAC

Explanation

All the above nodes (S-CCAS, TAS, P-CSCF) act as both UAS (User Agent Server) and UAC (User Agent Client). UAS is responsible for receiving requests and generating responses, while UAC initiates requests and processes responses. In this case, all the mentioned nodes perform both functions, making them act as UAS and UAC.

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110. VIOP packages arrives to eNB at

Explanation

The correct answer is "20ms interval" because it indicates that the VIOP packages arrive at the eNB (evolved Node B) every 20 milliseconds. This interval is important for maintaining a smooth and continuous flow of data in real-time communication, such as voice over IP (VIOP) calls.

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111. offset for the start of the OnDuration period

Explanation

The correct answer is DRX start offset. The DRX start offset refers to the time interval between the start of the OnDuration period and the start of the DRX (Discontinuous Reception) cycle. This offset determines when the device should start monitoring for incoming signals after a period of inactivity. It helps in optimizing power consumption by allowing the device to sleep during idle periods and wake up only when necessary to receive data.

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112. What timer is =64xT1, the maximum time to wait for a response to INVITE including all re-transmission?

Explanation

The correct answer is Timer B. In the context of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), the timer value 64xT1 represents the maximum time to wait for a response to an INVITE message, including all re-transmissions. Timer B is specifically associated with INVITE transactions and is responsible for controlling the retransmission of INVITE requests. Therefore, Timer B is the correct choice for this scenario.

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113. TTI bundling will benefit in less overhead for 

Explanation

TTI bundling refers to the bundling of multiple Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) together, which reduces the overhead in the MAC (Medium Access Control) and RLC (Radio Link Control) layers. By bundling TTIs, the amount of control signaling needed for MAC and RLC is reduced, resulting in less overhead. This allows for more efficient use of resources and improved overall system performance. Therefore, TTI bundling benefits MAC and RLC specifically.

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114. DBS saves _____ .

Explanation

The correct answer is "PDCCH, SE/TTI, increase VOLTE capacity at cell edge." This answer suggests that DBS (Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing) saves PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) resources, SE/TTI (Spatial Efficiency/Transmission Time Interval) resources, and increases VOLTE (Voice over LTE) capacity at the cell edge. This implies that DBS optimizes the allocation of resources in order to improve the capacity and efficiency of the network for VOLTE services at the cell edge.

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115. EPS Bearer ID

Explanation

The EPS Bearer ID is used to identify an EPS (Evolved Packet System) bearer per UE (User Equipment). An EPS bearer is a logical connection between the UE and the EPC (Evolved Packet Core) network. It is responsible for carrying data between the UE and the network, and each UE can have multiple EPS bearers for different types of traffic. Therefore, the correct answer is "Identifies an EPS bearer per UE".

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116. P-Access Network Info Header contains  

Explanation

The correct answer is ECGI. The P-Access Network Info Header contains the ECGI (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier), which is a unique identifier for a specific cell in the LTE network. The ECGI is used to identify and locate a user equipment (UE) within the network. It is an essential parameter for mobility management and handover procedures in LTE networks.

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117. Best effort Traffic is on

Explanation

The correct answer is LCG3 because the given options are related to different aspects of traffic. "Traffic is on" is a general statement indicating that there is traffic present. "SRB" stands for Signaling Radio Bearer, which is a logical channel used for transmitting control signaling messages. "VOLTE" refers to Voice over LTE, which is a technology that allows voice calls to be transmitted over a 4G LTE network. "QCI1 and QCI5" are Quality of Service Class Identifiers, which are used to prioritize different types of traffic. LCG3, on the other hand, is a specific term that could be related to a particular type or category of traffic.

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118. How many DRX profile can be configured?

Explanation

There are 19 DRX profiles that can be configured.

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119. What message is generated when there is a problem with the SDP of the request. For example, incorrect content length?

Explanation

When there is a problem with the SDP (Session Description Protocol) of the request, such as an incorrect content length, the message generated is SIP 488. This response indicates that the server encountered an error in processing the SDP and is unable to fulfill the request.

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120. What PmServiceTimeUE counts?

Explanation

PmServiceTimeUE counts the service time for all UE (User Equipment). It keeps track of the duration for which the UE is connected to the network and actively using services. This metric is used to measure the efficiency and performance of the network in terms of providing uninterrupted service to the users.

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121. What is the announcement that is played to the user? Refer to figure below.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Your call cannot be completed at this time". This is the announcement that is played to the user when their call cannot be connected or completed for some reason.

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122. The LTE RAN network must support the following combination of radio bearers

Explanation

Both A. & C. are possible because they both satisfy the requirement of supporting SRB1 and SRB2, along with a combination of AM DRB and UM DRB. In option A, there are 2 AM DRBs and 1 UM DRB, while in option C, there is 1 AM DRB and 1 UM DRB. Both combinations fulfill the given criteria, making both options A and C correct.

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123. BYE has been requested but the transaction timed out before the 200 OK (BYE) response was received, e.g. SIP error 408 Request Timeout

Explanation

The correct answer is Options 1 & 2. This is because the question states that the transaction timed out before receiving the 200 OK (BYE) response. This indicates that the call setup was successful, but the call completion failed due to the timeout. Therefore, both the call setup and call completion were partially successful.

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124. What timer is the maximum time a SIP proxy server waits for a provisional response to an INVITE?

Explanation

Timer C is the maximum time a SIP proxy server waits for a provisional response to an INVITE.

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125. If QCI 1 is mapped to pbit 6, then what is the binary equivalent for the pbit?

Explanation

The binary equivalent for the pbit is 101. This can be determined by mapping QCI 1 to pbit 6 and converting the decimal number 6 to binary, which is 101.

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126. DBS main benefit?

Explanation

This answer is correct because it states that the main benefit of DBS is to schedule VOLTE packets without compromising VOLTE quality. Additionally, it mentions that the VOLTE package is weighted for scheduling, indicating that it is given priority in the scheduling process. This combination of scheduling VOLTE packets without compromising quality and prioritizing them through weight is the main benefit of DBS.

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127. VOLTE data recording goes via

Explanation

The correct answer is "QCI1 only" because QCI stands for Quality of Service Class Identifier, which is used to prioritize different types of data traffic in a network. QCI1 is the highest priority QCI and is typically used for real-time services such as voice and video calls. Therefore, in this scenario, only QCI1 is used for data recording, indicating that only the highest priority traffic is being recorded.

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128. What PmServiceTimeUE does?

Explanation

PmServiceTimeUE refers to the counting of service time. It is a metric used to measure the amount of time a service is active or in use. This could be the duration of a call, the time a user spends using a particular application, or any other type of service. By counting the service time, it allows for the analysis of usage patterns and the identification of any potential issues or improvements that need to be made.

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129. To send VOLTE packet UE will send ___ and ___ ___ until scheduled

Explanation

To send VOLTE packet, the UE will send Status Report (SR) and stay awake until scheduled. This means that the UE will send a report on its status and will remain active until the scheduled time for sending the VOLTE packet.

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130. From Figure below,  we can incur that ________________

Explanation

From the given figure, we can see that the call setup fails on the originating UE and the call is forwarded to MRF for an announcement. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

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131. The UE ip address is __________ and the command code is _________. Refer to Figures 1 and 2 below.

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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132. Which of the following protocols is used in an IMS network for media handling?

Explanation

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) is the correct answer for this question. RTP is a protocol used for the delivery of real-time audio and video over IP networks. In an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) network, RTP is used for media handling, ensuring the timely and synchronized delivery of media streams between different devices and applications. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is also used in an IMS network for session establishment and signaling, but RTP specifically handles the media transport aspect. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) are not directly related to media handling in an IMS network.

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133. What message is returned when registration expired for the called-party and system did not receive a new registration from the endpoint?

Explanation

When the registration for the called-party expires and the system does not receive a new registration from the endpoint, it returns the message "SIP 480". This indicates that the called-party is temporarily unavailable or busy.

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134. Uplink Scheduling Stratey for VOLTE is decided based on ……

Explanation

The correct answer is LCG. LCG stands for Logical Channel Group and it is used as a scheduling strategy for VOLTE (Voice over LTE) services. LCG allows for the prioritization of different types of traffic based on their QCI (Quality of Service Class Identifier). By using LCG, the network can allocate resources more efficiently and ensure that VOLTE traffic is given higher priority to maintain the required level of service quality and minimize delays or missed targets.

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135. The QoS for default bearer will be defined on which network component?

Explanation

The QoS for the default bearer is defined on the MME (Mobility Management Entity). The MME is responsible for the control and management of the bearer and session establishment for the user equipment. It handles the signaling between the user equipment and the core network, including the establishment, modification, and release of bearers. Therefore, the QoS parameters for the default bearer, which is the initial bearer established for a user, are defined on the MME.

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136. DBS viop package are bundled at scheduling interval   

Explanation

The correct answer is 40 ms. The DBS viop package is bundled at a scheduling interval of 40 ms.

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137. What SIP message triggers QCI1 creation for the voice call?

Explanation

When a voice call is initiated using the SIP protocol, the 183 SESSION PROGRESS message is sent to indicate that the call is in progress. This message triggers the creation of QCI1 (QoS Class Identifier 1) for the voice call. QCI1 is a quality of service parameter that ensures high priority and low latency for voice traffic, prioritizing it over other types of data traffic. Therefore, when the 183 SESSION PROGRESS message is received, the network creates QCI1 to prioritize the voice call and ensure a smooth and uninterrupted communication experience.

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138. How many possible transactions take place in the following dialogue? Refer to call messages in Figure below.Note: Logs collected at MO UE."

Explanation

Based on the given information, the correct answer is 4. This means that there are 4 possible transactions taking place in the dialogue. The figure mentioned in the question likely provides additional context or details about these transactions. However, since the figure is not provided, it is not possible to provide a more detailed explanation.

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139. What timer is used for SIP retransmit interval in milliseconds?

Explanation

T1 is the correct answer because it is the timer used for SIP retransmit interval in milliseconds. T1 is a fixed value that determines the time interval between retransmission attempts for SIP messages. It is typically set to 500 milliseconds and is used to handle network congestion and packet loss. By retransmitting the SIP messages at regular intervals, T1 ensures that the messages reach their destination even if they were lost or delayed during transmission.

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140. How many Charging Vectors can be found in a SRVCC call on MO UE?

Explanation

In a SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) call on MO (Mobile Originated) UE (User Equipment), there are two charging vectors that can be found. This means that there are two separate charging paths for the call, which allows for accurate billing and tracking of the call duration and usage.

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141. IMS Registration Latency [ms] = 

Explanation

The correct answer is "T200 OK – TREGISTER." This means that the IMS registration latency is calculated by subtracting the time it takes for a TREGISTER message to be sent from the time it takes for a T200 OK message to be received. This latency measurement is important in determining the efficiency and performance of the IMS registration process.

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142. Policy  Enforcement is a function of  

Explanation

Policy Enforcement is a function of the PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway). The PGW is responsible for enforcing the network policies and rules defined by the PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function). It ensures that the traffic flows through the network according to the specified policies, such as quality of service, data usage limits, and charging rules. The PGW acts as a gateway between the mobile network and the external packet data network, making it the correct answer for this question.

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143. One of the tasks performed by P-CSCF is

Explanation

The P-CSCF (Proxy-Call Session Control Function) is a key element in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture. Its primary role is to act as the initial point of contact for all SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) traffic from the user equipment (UE). One of its main tasks is to forward the SIP request to the originating S-CSCF (Serving-Call Session Control Function) if the user is registered. This ensures that the call is routed correctly to the intended recipient.

The other options are incorrect because they are not typically performed by the P-CSCF. Routing calls to an emergency call center is usually handled by the E-CSCF (Emergency-Call Session Control Function). Barring of private and public calls and user agent restriction are often managed by the S-CSCF or other policy control elements within the IMS network.

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144. From Figures 1 and 2, we can incur that _________________________

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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145. SID stands for...

Explanation

The correct answer is "Silent injection descriptor." This term refers to a descriptor used in telecommunication systems to describe the process of silently injecting signals into a communication channel. It is commonly used in the context of Voice over LTE (VOLTE) technology, where it allows for the seamless integration of voice calls over LTE networks without interrupting ongoing data sessions.

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146. The application layer in IMS architecture comprises of

Explanation

The application layer in IMS architecture comprises DNS/ENUM functionality. DNS (Domain Name System) is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using easy-to-remember names instead of numerical IP addresses. ENUM (Telephone Number Mapping) is a protocol that maps telephone numbers to domain names, enabling services such as Voice over IP (VoIP) to seamlessly integrate with traditional telephony systems. These functionalities are crucial for the smooth operation of IMS, as they ensure efficient communication and connectivity between different network components and services.

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147. MME initiates S1 Release procedure due to

Explanation

The correct answer is "unspecified failure" because MME initiates the S1 Release procedure when there is a failure that is not specifically identified or categorized. This could include various types of failures such as hardware failure, software failure, or any other unknown issue that causes a loss of radio connection with the UE. User inactivity and loss of radio connection are specific reasons for initiating the S1 Release procedure, but "unspecified failure" covers any other type of failure that is not explicitly mentioned.

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Which of the following can impact peformance of a VoLTE call
There is one APN per Default Bearer and each Default Bearer have their...
QoS
The subscribers profiles stored in which node?
What message could be used to terminate a session?
RTP stands for
GBR stands for...
SRVCC
SIP stands for
What messages could be used to change an established session?
One of the tasks performed by I-CSCF is
MME sends out Authentication Request with the following authentication...
ARP
What message is returned when the server received a request that...
Which of the following messages are Sip Responses
Which node provides multimedia telephony service and supplementary...
The protocol stack in the following figure is for __________________...
DRX stands for...
What protocol stack is used over the S1-U interface?
IMS has a layered architecture.
The interface between S and P Gateway is
GUTI=
UE sends out a Attach Request to the MME and identifies itself with
One of the tasks performed by I-CSCF is
Which interface connects the PGW and P-CSCF?
TTI bundling is only benefitial for UE in ____
Initial Context Setup Request sent to eNB contains
IMS stands for
GUTI = GUMMEI + IMSI  
PCRF and SBG talk to each other using
IMSI =
Which nodes execute access transfer for SRVCC in IMS?
What message is generated by the system on a request timeout?
A dialogue contains the following
The interface between PCRF and IMS is __________. Refer to Figure...
What is the correct explanation of the error message – "408...
What message indicates that the system is unable to process the...
___ QCI is associated to __ DRX profile 
The Dedicated Bearers "belongs/linked" to a default bearer and will...
Diameter Protocol is defined by
If the UE sends out an Attach Request with an unknown GUTI then...
Which node provides the possibility to offer IMS centralized services...
If the UE has set the EPS Session Management (ESM) Information...
The protocol stack found below is for __________________...
What message is returned when the request could not be understood due...
Which of the following codecs can be used for HD voice?
The interface between MME and MSC is
________  interface enables the PCRF to provision PCC Rules.
Which node has the function to provide the encryption and...
Bearers of traffic pass through the P-CSCF
What SIP message is used to establish a session in IMS?
Which node is the access point to IMS for all the user equipment?
VOLTE signaling goes via
The protocol stack in the following figure is for...
RRC Re-establishement benefit are 
Standards for VoLTE are defined in
VoLTE is enabled per Tracking Area in MME.
Which node has the responsibility of enabling services, subscribed by...
The control server in IMS handle the following functions
The MSc will initiate a call towards IMS (TAS) during SRVCC.  
VOLTE enabler features includes….
The UE and the PGW is using ___________ to filter which packet goes in...
Public user Identity is use for routing purpose.  
GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane (GTP-U)is used for signaling...
What information should be included in the access transfer request?
RLC UM is for
Create Session Request send out by MME to PGW includes
What SIP message is used to let the IMS network know where the user...
Which IMS node is responsible for identifying the S-CSCF of the ...
ENB decodes the codec...
What is the reason for MO call setup failure? Refer to call flow in...
When is the SIP dialog successfully established?
S-TMSI is combination of which of the two IDs?
QCI 1 needs to be configured in eNB with…
What is the default value of T1 timer?
Distinct IMPI is stored by.....
QCI
Which node determines the S-CSCF that serves a user as well as the HSS...
What part of the INVITE message content media information of the...
How many QCI profile configured in eNB?
What is in LCG 3?
Which node acts as a gateway for the IMS network, and it is located at...
Which node ensures network security, bandwidth fraud protection,...
What message is returned due to a configuration issue or a failure...
TRUE OR FALSE: A call is considered to be setup successfully if an...
The Service Request procedure is used to change the state of MME...
A new GUTI will always be allocated during
P-CSCF authenticates users within IMS
RoHC function as
MME initiates S1 Release procedure due to SRVCC
The connectivity layer in IMS architecture comprises of
The control layer in IMS architecture comprises of
What timer is started at every INVITE and if no response is received...
GPRS Tunneling Protocol for Control Plane (GTP-C)is used for signaling...
What is the maximum PDB limit for GBR?
Which node ensures Quality of Service (QoS), service level agreements,...
The transport, application protocol, QCI value, and GBR for the...
What message indicates that there are not enough steering pool ports...
Which node provides the point of control within the network that...
The subscribers profiles are sent from which node to which node?
Which node provides the ability to correlate all signaling and media...
The CSCF modules used in MMTEL are
What timer is used for maximum duration a message remains in the...
What is the first node in the network at which SRVCC...
What message indicates that the UAS received a request that does not...
Which node provides announcements and multi-party call service to...
Delay based scheduling bundle ____ packets for scheduling efficiency.
One of the tasks performed by S-CSCF is
Which of the nodes acts as UAS and UAC
VIOP packages arrives to eNB at
Offset for the start of the OnDuration period
What timer is =64xT1, the maximum time to wait for a response to...
TTI bundling will benefit in less overhead for 
DBS saves _____ .
EPS Bearer ID
P-Access Network Info Header contains  
Best effort Traffic is on
How many DRX profile can be configured?
What message is generated when there is a problem with the SDP of the...
What PmServiceTimeUE counts?
What is the announcement that is played to the user? Refer to figure...
The LTE RAN network must support the following combination of radio...
BYE has been requested but the transaction timed out before the 200 OK...
What timer is the maximum time a SIP proxy server waits for a...
If QCI 1 is mapped to pbit 6, then what is the binary equivalent for...
DBS main benefit?
VOLTE data recording goes via
What PmServiceTimeUE does?
To send VOLTE packet UE will send ___ and ___ ___ until scheduled
From Figure below,  we can incur that ________________
The UE ip address is __________ and the command code is _________....
Which of the following protocols is used in an IMS network for media...
What message is returned when registration expired for the...
Uplink Scheduling Stratey for VOLTE is decided based on...
The QoS for default bearer will be defined on which network component?
DBS viop package are bundled at scheduling interval  ...
What SIP message triggers QCI1 creation for the voice call?
How many possible transactions take place in the following dialogue?...
What timer is used for SIP retransmit interval in milliseconds?
How many Charging Vectors can be found in a SRVCC call on MO UE?
IMS Registration Latency [ms] = 
Policy  Enforcement is a function of  
One of the tasks performed by P-CSCF is
From Figures 1 and 2, we can incur that _________________________
SID stands for...
The application layer in IMS architecture comprises of
MME initiates S1 Release procedure due to
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