Nose, Mouth, And Throat Quiz

Tonsils that are halfway between the tonsillar pillars and uvula would be given a grade of 2+. This indicates that the tonsils are moderately enlarged. A grade of 1+ would indicate mild enlargement, while a grade of 3+ would indicate severe enlargement.

Choanal Atresia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition in which there is a blockage or narrowing of the choanae, which are the openings between the nasal cavity and the pharynx. This condition can be either bony or membranous, and it is commonly seen in newborns. It can cause difficulty in breathing through the nose and may require surgical intervention to correct the blockage.

Chelitis (perleche) is the correct answer because it refers to cracking at the corners of the mouth. Chelitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and cracking of the lips, particularly at the corners. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including fungal or bacterial infections, nutritional deficiencies, or excessive saliva production. The term "polyps" refers to abnormal tissue growths, while "xerostomia" refers to dry mouth.

The presence of a chalky, white, thick, raised patch with well-defined borders on the lateral edges of the tongue in a heavy smoker and drinker suggests the presence of leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a precancerous condition characterized by the formation of white patches on the mucous membranes, often caused by chronic irritation or inflammation. The fact that the lesion is firmly attached and will not scrape off further supports the diagnosis of leukoplakia. Monilial infection and leukoedema are not associated with these specific characteristics and risk factors.

The nurse suspects nasal polyps based on the patient's history of chronic allergic rhinitis and the characteristics of the observed nodules. Nasal polyps are overgrowths of mucosa that can occur in the nasal cavity, and they are often associated with chronic inflammation, such as in allergic rhinitis. The smooth, pale, gray appearance and mobile, nontender nature of the nodules are consistent with nasal polyps. Furuncles are painful, localized infections of a hair follicle, and turbinates are structures in the nasal cavity that help to warm and moisten inhaled air.

The gag reflex is a protective mechanism that helps prevent choking by triggering a reflexive contraction of the throat muscles. It is controlled by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus nerve (X). These cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the back of the throat to the brainstem, which then coordinates the reflexive response. The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the back of the throat, while the vagus nerve controls the muscles involved in swallowing and gagging. Therefore, the correct answer is IX and X.

Based on the symptoms described, such as facial pain, red swollen nasal mucosa, swollen turbinates, and purulent discharge, sinusitis may be suspected. Sinusitis is an inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces in the skull. Upper respiratory infections can often lead to sinusitis as the infection spreads from the respiratory tract to the sinuses. The symptoms described are characteristic of sinusitis, indicating an infection and inflammation in the sinuses. Acute rhinitis refers to a sudden onset of nasal inflammation, while allergic rhinitis is caused by an allergic reaction and typically involves symptoms like sneezing and itching.

The nurse suspects that the sores are Herpes Simplex 1 (cold sores) because of the presence of clear vesicles with a surrounding indurated erythematous base. Herpes Simplex 1 is a viral infection that causes the formation of fluid-filled blisters on the skin or mucous membranes. The clear vesicles and the surrounding redness and hardness are characteristic of this condition. Angulare Cheilitis and Retention Cyst do not typically present with clear vesicles and an indurated erythematous base.

Allergic rhinitis is the correct answer because it is characterized by symptoms such as rhinorrhea (runny nose), itching of the nose and eyes, lacrimation (tearing of the eyes), nasal congestion, and sneezing. The description of the turbinates appearing pale or violet in color, with a smooth and glistening surface, is also consistent with allergic rhinitis. Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the sinuses, while acute rhinitis refers to a sudden onset of inflammation of the nasal passages.

The description of a small, round, "punched out" ulcer with a white base surrounded by a red halo that is painful and present for at least a week is consistent with aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores. Aphthous ulcers are common and typically occur inside the mouth. They are not caused by a viral infection like herpes simplex I, which causes cold sores. Koplik's spots are small white spots that appear on the inside of the cheeks in the early stages of measles, and do not match the description given.

Koplik's spots are small blue-white spots with an irregular red halo that appear on the mucosa opposite the molars. These spots are considered an early sign of measles. The child in this scenario has not been immunized, which further supports the suspicion that these spots are associated with measles. Therefore, the correct answer is Koplik's spots.

Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue tie, is a congenital defect that affects the mobility of the tongue. It occurs when the linguinal frenulum, a band of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth, is too short or tight. This restricts the movement of the tongue, which can lead to speech defects and difficulties with activities such as licking, swallowing, and breastfeeding. Migratory Glossitis and Aphthous are mouth abnormalities that do not directly affect the mobility of the tongue.

Polyps are smooth, pale gray, avascular, mobile, nontender, and benign growths. They are typically found in the lining of organs such as the colon, uterus, or nasal cavity. Stensen's ducts are the ducts that carry saliva from the parotid gland to the inside of the cheek, and Fordyce's granules are small, yellowish-white spots that can appear on the lips or genitals. Therefore, neither of these terms accurately describes the characteristics of the given growths.

Malocclusion refers to the misalignment or improper positioning of the upper and lower incisors, which leads to poor biting technique. This condition can cause difficulties in chewing, speech problems, and even aesthetic concerns. It can be a result of various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, or abnormal jaw development. Treatment for malocclusion may involve orthodontic interventions like braces or corrective surgery.

The rising of the uvula in a patient saying "ahhhh" is an indicator of the functioning of cranial nerve X, also known as the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of the soft palate and uvula, among other functions. When the patient says "ahhhh," the vagus nerve stimulates the muscles in the soft palate, causing the uvula to rise. This response confirms that cranial nerve X is functioning properly.

The examiner is testing the XII cranial nerve, also known as the hypoglossal nerve. This nerve controls the movement of the tongue, so by asking the person to stick out their tongue, the examiner can assess the function of this nerve.

Acute rhinitis is the correct answer because it matches the symptoms described in the question. The first sign is a clear, watery discharge which later becomes purulent, and is accompanied by sneezing and swollen mucosa. Additionally, the turbinates, which are structures inside the nose, will appear bright red and swollen. Sinusitis is the inflammation of the sinuses, which may have overlapping symptoms but is not specifically mentioned in the question. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal passages due to an allergic reaction, and while it may cause similar symptoms, it does not specifically mention a clear, watery discharge that later becomes purulent.

A furuncle is a small boil that typically forms in a hair follicle or oil gland. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. This type of skin infection is commonly found in areas with hair, such as the nose. A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue, and a lesion refers to any abnormal change in the skin or mucous membrane. However, neither of these options accurately describes a small boil located in the nose.

The nurse observes a nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum that emerged between the teeth, which is consistent with an epulis. An epulis is a benign tumor that arises from the gum tissue and is often associated with an inflammatory response to an injury. This finding aligns with the nurse's observation of an inflammatory response mentioned by the patient. Retention cyst (mucocele) and Koplik's spots are not relevant to this particular scenario.