Transcription
Translation
Replication
Mutation
Elements can make an unlimited number of chemical bonds.
Carbon is unique in that it can make four chemical bonds.
Carbon can make twenty bonds to other carbon atoms.
Organic molecules are acidic.
It resists change in temperature.
It is considered the "universal solvent".
It can diffuse through lipids easily.
It has unique properties due to its polarity.
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Organium
12
16
20
24
Amino group
Acid group
Hydroxide group
Fatty acid
Cellulose
Starch
Enzyme
RNA
Glycerol and fatty acid
Glycerol and amino acids
Glycerol and nucleic acids
Thymine and guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil
Guanine
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Breaking down pyruvate molecules to form molecules of NADH and oxygen
Forming citric acid to make NADH, water, and carbon dioxide
Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Bonding coenzyme A to pyruvate
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
Anaphase
A chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma
A collection of enzymes used to make ADP
A series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane
A group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
The cell cycle
Mitosis
Sugars are made.
Energy is captured.
Chlorophyll is pumped.
Carbon dioxide is formed.
Chloroplasts
Thylakoids
Chlorophyll
Grana
Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelle
DNA
Cell growth and normal function.
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis.
Nuclear membrane reforms.
DNA is replicated.
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
The cytoplasm splits.
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Communicate with other cells
Process and deliver proteins
Copy genetic material
Cell growth and normal function.
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis.
Nuclear membrane reforms.
DNA is replicated.
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