Elements can make an unlimited number of chemical bonds.
Carbon is unique in that it can make four chemical bonds.
Carbon can make twenty bonds to other carbon atoms.
Organic molecules are acidic.
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It resists change in temperature.
It is considered the "universal solvent".
It can diffuse through lipids easily.
It has unique properties due to its polarity.
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Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Organium
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12
16
20
24
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Amino group
Acid group
Hydroxide group
Fatty acid
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Cellulose
Starch
Enzyme
RNA
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Glycerol and fatty acid
Glycerol and amino acids
Glycerol and nucleic acids
Thymine and guanine
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Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil
Guanine
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Nucleic Acid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
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Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
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Breaking down pyruvate molecules to form molecules of NADH and oxygen
Forming citric acid to make NADH, water, and carbon dioxide
Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
Bonding coenzyme A to pyruvate
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Prophase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
Anaphase
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A chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma
A collection of enzymes used to make ADP
A series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane
A group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycle
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Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
The cell cycle
Mitosis
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Sugars are made.
Energy is captured.
Chlorophyll is pumped.
Carbon dioxide is formed.
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Chloroplasts
Thylakoids
Chlorophyll
Grana
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Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
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Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelle
DNA
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Cell growth and normal function.
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis.
Nuclear membrane reforms.
DNA is replicated.
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Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
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Nuclear membrane breaks down.
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
The cytoplasm splits.
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Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
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Convert solar energy to chemical energy
Communicate with other cells
Process and deliver proteins
Copy genetic material
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Cell growth and normal function.
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis.
Nuclear membrane reforms.
DNA is replicated.
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DNA.
A nucleus.
Cytoplasm.
A cell membrane.
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Decreases the rate of reaction
Increases the temperature
Decreases the activation energy
Increases the volume of the reactants
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Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Centrioles
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Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Centriole
Chloroplast
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Pump.
Macrophage.
Lysosome.
Vesicle.
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The cirtic acid cycle
The Calvin cycle
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
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Folded inner membrane
Mitochondrial matrix
Stroma
Thylakoid membrane
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Folded inner membrane
Mitochondrial matrix
Stroma
Thylakoid membrane
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Photosynthesis.
Aerobic respiration.
Electron transport.
Glycolysis.
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Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP.
ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches.
Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP.
ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water.
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Two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
NAD+, oxygen, and two ATP molecules
Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
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Cytoplasm
Mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Chloroplast
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Water
Acetone
Alcohol
Cytoplasm
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Pyruvate
NADH
Citric acid
Carbon dioxide
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Phosphate
Ribose Sugar
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
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Phosphate
Ribose Sugar
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
Phosphate
Ribose Sugar
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
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ATP synthase
Dehydrogenase
NADPH
Glycolase
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Division of the cell.
Division of the nucleus.
Division of the cytoplasm.
Replicate the DNA.
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Cytoplasm
Mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondrial inner membrane
Chloroplast
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They use solar energy.
They use photosynthesis.
They use chemical energy.
They use chemosynthesis.
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Absorbs energy
Converts energy
Stores and transfers energy
Destroys
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The conversion of ATP to ADP.
The use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars.
The addition of a phosphate group to ATP.
The breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules.
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