Physics EOC Review 4/4

1.

Absorption

Diffraction

Resonance

Refraction

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

2. A net force acting on a 5.0 kg box produces an acceleration of 4.2 m/s2. What acceleration, to the nearest tenth of a m/s2, will the same net force cause on a 2.8 kg box?

The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the mass of the object. In this case, the net force produces an acceleration of 4.2 m/s2 on a 5.0 kg box. To find the acceleration on a 2.8 kg box, we can use the formula a = F/m, where F is the net force and m is the mass. Since the net force is the same for both boxes, we can rearrange the formula to find the acceleration on the 2.8 kg box. The calculation gives us an acceleration of 7.5 m/s2.

Explanation

The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is directly proportional to the mass of the object. In this case, the net force produces an acceleration of 4.2 m/s2 on a 5.0 kg box. To find the acceleration on a 2.8 kg box, we can use the formula a = F/m, where F is the net force and m is the mass. Since the net force is the same for both boxes, we can rearrange the formula to find the acceleration on the 2.8 kg box. The calculation gives us an acceleration of 7.5 m/s2.

Submit

3.

The machine uses nuclear decay to treat a patient with radiation therapy.

The machine uses nuclear decay to generate diagnostic images of a patient.

The machine uses the photoelectric effect to introduce photons into a patient’s organs.

The machine uses the photoelectric effect to take pictures of a patient’s organs.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

4. A student pushed a box 27.0 m across a smooth, horizontal floor using a constant force of 113 N. If the force was applied for 9.00 s, how much power was developed, to the nearest watt?

The power developed can be calculated using the formula P = W/t, where P is power, W is work, and t is time. In this case, the work done is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance moved, which is 113 N * 27.0 m = 3051 Nm. The time is given as 9.00 s. Plugging these values into the formula, we get P = 3051 Nm / 9.00 s = 339 W. Therefore, the power developed is 339 watts.

Explanation

The power developed can be calculated using the formula P = W/t, where P is power, W is work, and t is time. In this case, the work done is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance moved, which is 113 N * 27.0 m = 3051 Nm. The time is given as 9.00 s. Plugging these values into the formula, we get P = 3051 Nm / 9.00 s = 339 W. Therefore, the power developed is 339 watts.

Submit

5.

W

X

Y

Z

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

6. Which situation is a good example of the transfer of energy through radiation?

A fan cools the CPU in a computer.

Energy passes from one person’s hand to another person when they shake hands.

Warm air that is less dense rises to the ceiling of a room.

A snake’s body temperature increases when the snake lies in the sun.

When a snake lies in the sun, it absorbs radiant energy from the sun. This energy is transferred through radiation, as there is no direct contact between the snake and the sun. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as heat or light, without the need for a medium. In this situation, the snake's body temperature increases due to the absorption of radiant energy from the sun, making it a good example of the transfer of energy through radiation.

Explanation

When a snake lies in the sun, it absorbs radiant energy from the sun. This energy is transferred through radiation, as there is no direct contact between the snake and the sun. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as heat or light, without the need for a medium. In this situation, the snake's body temperature increases due to the absorption of radiant energy from the sun, making it a good example of the transfer of energy through radiation.

7. Two people each have a mass of 55 kg. They are both in an elevator that has a mass of 240 kg. When the elevator begins to move, the people and the elevator have an upward acceleration of 1.00 m/s2. What is the net force that acts on the elevator as it accelerates upward at 1.00 m/s2?

9.8 N

110 N

130 N

350 N

The net force that acts on the elevator can be calculated using Newton's second law of motion, which states that force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration. In this case, the mass of the elevator and the people combined is 295 kg (240 kg + 55 kg + 55 kg), and the acceleration is 1.00 m/s^2. Therefore, the net force is equal to (295 kg) * (1.00 m/s^2) = 295 N.

Explanation

The net force that acts on the elevator can be calculated using Newton's second law of motion, which states that force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration. In this case, the mass of the elevator and the people combined is 295 kg (240 kg + 55 kg + 55 kg), and the acceleration is 1.00 m/s^2. Therefore, the net force is equal to (295 kg) * (1.00 m/s^2) = 295 N.

8.

Its potential energy is changed to kinetic energy.

The total amount of its mechanical energy increases.

Its kinetic energy is changed to potential energy.

The total amount of its mechanical energy decreases.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

9.

A

B

C

D

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

10. Suppose Earth orbited a star whose mass was double the mass of the sun. If the radius of Earth's orbit remained the same as it is now, then compared with the gravitational force between Earth and the sun, the gravitational force between Earth and the star would be —

Half as much

The same

Two times as much

Four times as much

If the mass of the star is double the mass of the sun and the radius of Earth's orbit remains the same, then according to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between Earth and the star would be directly proportional to the mass of the star. Since the mass of the star is double the mass of the sun, the gravitational force between Earth and the star would also be double, making it two times as much as the gravitational force between Earth and the sun.

Explanation

If the mass of the star is double the mass of the sun and the radius of Earth's orbit remains the same, then according to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between Earth and the star would be directly proportional to the mass of the star. Since the mass of the star is double the mass of the sun, the gravitational force between Earth and the star would also be double, making it two times as much as the gravitational force between Earth and the sun.

11.

The voltage across the resistor decreases until it becomes zero.

The voltage across the resistor increases until it reaches a constant value.

A fuse in the circuit blows after approximately 30 seconds.

The resistance decreases as the voltage increases.

As the voltage across the resistor increases, it causes an increase in current flowing through the resistor according to Ohm's law. This increase in current leads to an increase in the power dissipated by the resistor, causing it to heat up. As the resistor heats up, its resistance also increases. This increase in resistance counteracts the increase in current, causing the voltage across the resistor to level off and reach a constant value.

Explanation

As the voltage across the resistor increases, it causes an increase in current flowing through the resistor according to Ohm's law. This increase in current leads to an increase in the power dissipated by the resistor, causing it to heat up. As the resistor heats up, its resistance also increases. This increase in resistance counteracts the increase in current, causing the voltage across the resistor to level off and reach a constant value.

12. The center of a 910 kg satellite is 9.9m10^6 m from Earth's center. What is the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth? (HINT: F=G(M1XM2)/R^2

4.5×10^3 N

3.7×10^3 N

8.9×10^3 N

1.7×10^6 N

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

13.

A

B

C

D

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

14. An engineer is designing an instrument to examine the interior of a piece of wood without cutting it. The engineer decides to pass electromagnetic radiation through the wood to a detector on the other side. Which type of electromagnetic radiation would be most suitable for this investigation?

Visible light

Radio waves

X-rays

Ultraviolet light

X-rays would be the most suitable type of electromagnetic radiation for examining the interior of a piece of wood without cutting it. X-rays have a shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light, allowing them to penetrate objects such as wood. X-rays can pass through the wood and be detected on the other side, providing information about the internal structure of the wood without causing damage. Visible light, radio waves, and ultraviolet light would not be as effective for this purpose as they have longer wavelengths and lower energy, making them less capable of penetrating the wood.

Explanation

X-rays would be the most suitable type of electromagnetic radiation for examining the interior of a piece of wood without cutting it. X-rays have a shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light, allowing them to penetrate objects such as wood. X-rays can pass through the wood and be detected on the other side, providing information about the internal structure of the wood without causing damage. Visible light, radio waves, and ultraviolet light would not be as effective for this purpose as they have longer wavelengths and lower energy, making them less capable of penetrating the wood.

15.

0 m/s

0.63 m/s

1.6 m/s

2.2 m/s

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit

17.

Showed how to make a compass point in a direction other than north

Was the first to show electric current flowing in a straight wire

Showed that electricity and magnetism are related

Proved that magnetism is an extremely weak force compared with electricity

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

18.

STUDENT 1

STUDENT 2

STUDENT 3

STUDENT 4

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

19.

The strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are the same.

The strong nuclear force is weaker than the electromagnetic force.

The strong nuclear force is stronger than the electromagnetic force.

The strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are negligible.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

20. Which of the following best determines the amount of energy of a single photon of light?

The speed of the photon

The frequency of the photon

The material the photon moves through

The time it takes the photon to reach a destination

The energy of a single photon of light is determined by its frequency. The frequency of a photon refers to the number of complete waves it completes in a given time period. According to the equation E = hf, where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the photon, it is clear that the frequency directly influences the energy of the photon. Therefore, the frequency of the photon is the best determinant of its energy.

Explanation

The energy of a single photon of light is determined by its frequency. The frequency of a photon refers to the number of complete waves it completes in a given time period. According to the equation E = hf, where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the photon, it is clear that the frequency directly influences the energy of the photon. Therefore, the frequency of the photon is the best determinant of its energy.

21. Which of the following is the best evidence that work has been done on or by an object?

The energy of the object has changed.

The velocity of the object remains constant.

The mass of the object has changed.

The direction the object is moving remains constant.

The best evidence that work has been done on or by an object is when the energy of the object has changed. Work is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another, or the transformation of energy within an object. When the energy of an object changes, it indicates that work has been done on or by the object, as energy is either being transferred to or from the object. Therefore, a change in energy is the most reliable evidence of work being done on or by an object.

Explanation

The best evidence that work has been done on or by an object is when the energy of the object has changed. Work is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another, or the transformation of energy within an object. When the energy of an object changes, it indicates that work has been done on or by the object, as energy is either being transferred to or from the object. Therefore, a change in energy is the most reliable evidence of work being done on or by an object.

22.

The ebonite rod and the copper cylinder provide the greatest resistance to current in the circuit.

The copper cylinder, the brass washer, and the iron nail allow electrons to move freely.

The iron nail, the copper cylinder, and the brass washer allow protons to move freely.

Both the wood dowel and the ebonite rod have the lowest resistance to current in the circuit.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

23.

750 V

15 V

3V

25 V

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

24.

P

Q

R

S

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

25.

STUDENT 1

STUDENT 2

STUDENT 3

STUDENT 4

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

26.

The waves interfere with one another constructively and destructively.

The waves refract as they travel through the openings.

The waves reflect back and forth as they travel through the openings.

The waves change in frequency when they meet one another.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

27. The table below shows the atomic masses in atomic mass units (amu) for a proton, a neutron, and a deuteron. A deuteron consists of one proton and one neutron.

2.0159 amu

1.0080 amu

0.0024 amu

2.0135 amu

The given answer, 0.0024 amu, is the atomic mass of a proton. This is because the question states that a deuteron consists of one proton and one neutron. Therefore, the atomic mass of a deuteron would be the sum of the atomic masses of a proton and a neutron, which is 0.0024 amu.

Explanation

The given answer, 0.0024 amu, is the atomic mass of a proton. This is because the question states that a deuteron consists of one proton and one neutron. Therefore, the atomic mass of a deuteron would be the sum of the atomic masses of a proton and a neutron, which is 0.0024 amu.

28.

12 Ω

3Ω

2Ω

0.33 Ω

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

29.

The diver is pulling on Earth with a force of 911 N.

The sun is pulling on Earth with a force of 5.97 × 1024 N.

Earth is pulling on the water with a force of 5.97 × 1025 N.

Earth is pulling on the air with a force of 2.28 × 104 N.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

30.

5.50 m/s

30.2 m/s

1.73 m/s

61.7 m/s

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

31. Which action will not induce a potential difference in a coil of wire?

Moving a magnet through the coil

Holding the coil in a changing magnetic field

Holding the coil in a stationary magnetic field

Moving the coil and a magnet toward each other

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

32.

F

G

H

J

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

33.

4.91×10^12N

1.62 N

9.81 N

1.28×10^29 N

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

34. Which statement best explains the difference between light waves traveling through a vacuum and light waves traveling through a medium?

Light waves traveling through a vacuum are transverse, but light waves traveling through a medium are longitudinal.

Light waves traveling through a vacuum travel faster than light waves traveling through a medium.

Light waves traveling through a vacuum have a shorter wavelength than light waves traveling through a medium.

Light waves traveling through a vacuum travel faster than light waves traveling through a medium because in a vacuum, there are no particles to interact with and slow down the waves. In a medium, such as air or water, the waves interact with the particles, causing them to slow down.

Explanation

Light waves traveling through a vacuum travel faster than light waves traveling through a medium because in a vacuum, there are no particles to interact with and slow down the waves. In a medium, such as air or water, the waves interact with the particles, causing them to slow down.

35.

0.967 N

5.00 N

1440 N

1490 N

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

36. A train passes a stationary observer. Which of the following best describes how the amplitude and the apparent frequency of the sound waves heard by the observer change as the train moves away?

Both the amplitude and the apparent frequency increase.

Both the amplitude and the apparent frequency decrease.

The amplitude of the sound waves increases, and the apparent frequency decreases.

The amplitude of the sound waves decreases, and the apparent frequency increases.

As the train moves away from the stationary observer, the sound waves it produces will experience the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect causes a decrease in both the amplitude and the apparent frequency of the sound waves. The decrease in amplitude is due to the spreading out of the sound waves as they travel through space. The decrease in apparent frequency is due to the stretching out of the sound waves as the train moves away, causing a decrease in the perceived frequency by the observer. Therefore, both the amplitude and the apparent frequency of the sound waves heard by the observer will decrease.

Explanation

As the train moves away from the stationary observer, the sound waves it produces will experience the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect causes a decrease in both the amplitude and the apparent frequency of the sound waves. The decrease in amplitude is due to the spreading out of the sound waves as they travel through space. The decrease in apparent frequency is due to the stretching out of the sound waves as the train moves away, causing a decrease in the perceived frequency by the observer. Therefore, both the amplitude and the apparent frequency of the sound waves heard by the observer will decrease.