Midterm CCT Quiz

Explanation
The data block is the final component in the UNIX and Linux file system where directories and files are stored on a disk drive. This block contains the actual data of the files and directories, including their content and metadata. The data block is responsible for storing and retrieving the information stored in the file system, making it a crucial part of the overall file system structure.

Explanation
The correct answer is Ext2fs. Ext2fs is the standard Linux file system. It was the first file system used by Linux and is still widely used today. Ext2fs stands for Second Extended File System and is known for its stability and performance. It does not have journaling capabilities, which means that in the event of a system crash, data may be lost or corrupted. However, it is a reliable and efficient file system for Linux-based operating systems.

Explanation
A UNIX or Linux computer does not have two boot blocks located on the main hard disk. It typically has only one boot block, which is located at the beginning of the disk. This boot block contains the necessary instructions to start the booting process and load the operating system. Having two boot blocks on the main hard disk is not a characteristic of UNIX or Linux systems.

Explanation
GPL (General Public License) and BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) are both well-known open-source software licenses. These licenses allow users to access, modify, and distribute the source code of the software freely. Therefore, it can be concluded that GPL and BSD variations are indeed examples of open-source software.

Explanation
Older Macintosh computers do not use the same type of BIOS firmware commonly found in PC-based systems. Macintosh computers use a different type of firmware called EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface). While both BIOS and EFI serve the same purpose of initializing hardware and starting the operating system, they have different architectures and are not interchangeable. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation
FTK and other computer forensics programs use bookmarks to tag and document digital evidence. Bookmarks allow investigators to easily reference and navigate to specific locations within digital files, such as documents, images, or websites. By bookmarking important or relevant information, investigators can efficiently organize and document evidence, making it easier to analyze and present in legal proceedings. Bookmarks also serve as a reference point for future investigations or collaborations with other forensic experts.

Explanation
In indexed search mode, you can look for files that were accessed or changed during a certain time period. This suggests that the search mode organizes and maintains an index of file metadata, allowing for efficient searching based on specific criteria such as time. The other options (active, live, inline) do not provide the same indication of organizing files based on time or maintaining an index.

Explanation
Marking bad clusters data-hiding technique is more common with FAT file systems. This is because the FAT file system uses a simple and straightforward method for managing files and directories, which makes it easier to implement data-hiding techniques like marking bad clusters. FAT file systems allocate clusters in a linear manner, and by marking certain clusters as bad, the file system can hide data within those clusters, making it harder for unauthorized users to access or discover the hidden data.

Explanation
People who want to hide data can use advanced encryption programs like PGP or BestCrypt. These programs provide a high level of security and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. BestCrypt is a popular choice for encryption as it offers strong encryption algorithms and features like virtual disk encryption, file encryption, and secure deletion. It ensures that data remains hidden and inaccessible to anyone without the proper decryption key.

Explanation
FTK offers 2 searching options for keywords.

Explanation
The statement is suggesting that when using target drives, it is important to only use media that has recently been wiped, reformatted, and inspected for computer viruses. This is important to ensure that the target drives are clean and free from any potential viruses or malware that could compromise the data being transferred or stored on them. Therefore, the correct answer is True.

Explanation
FTK can perform forensics analysis on FAT12 file systems.

Explanation
The defense request for full discovery of digital evidence applies only to criminal cases in the United States because in criminal cases, the accused has the right to access all evidence that the prosecution plans to present in court. This includes digital evidence such as emails, text messages, or surveillance footage. In civil cases, the rules of discovery may vary, and the defense may not have the same level of access to digital evidence. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Computer forensics tools are divided into two major categories. This means that there are two main divisions or classifications of computer forensics tools. The answer of "2" indicates that there are only two major categories, and does not provide any information about what these categories are.

Explanation
Password recovery tools often have a feature that allows generating potential lists for a password dictionary attack. This type of attack involves using a pre-existing list of common passwords or known passwords to try and gain unauthorized access to an account or system. By generating potential lists based on commonly used passwords, the attacker increases their chances of successfully guessing the password and gaining access.

Explanation
Raw data is a direct copy of a disk drive, and the "dd" command in UNIX/Linux is used to create a raw image of a disk. The "dd" command is a versatile tool that can copy data from one location to another, including copying data from a disk to a file, making it an example of a Raw image.

Explanation
Software forensics tools are commonly used to copy data from a suspect's disk drive to an "image file". An image file is a bit-by-bit copy of the entire disk or a specific partition, including all the files, folders, and metadata. This allows investigators to preserve the integrity of the original data and conduct analysis on the image file without altering or compromising the original evidence. Additionally, an image file can be easily transferred, stored, and examined on different systems or by different forensic experts, ensuring the chain of custody and maintaining the evidentiary value of the data.

Explanation
The NIST project referred to in the question is the National Software Reference Library (NSRL). Its goal is to collect and maintain a comprehensive database of known hash values for commercial software applications and operating system files. This database is used for various purposes, including digital forensic investigations and validating the integrity of software installations.

Explanation
The correct answer is "disk-to-disk." This method involves directly copying the contents of the original disk to the target disk, without any intermediate steps such as creating an image or partition. It is the simplest and most straightforward way to duplicate a disk drive.

Explanation
The IDE ATA controller on an old 486 PC doesn't recognize disk drives larger than 8.4 GB because it is limited by the hardware and firmware of the controller. The controller is not designed to handle larger capacities and therefore cannot properly communicate with or utilize disk drives that exceed this limit.

Explanation
In older Mac OSs, a file consists of two parts: a data fork, where data is stored, and a resource fork, where file metadata and application information are stored.

Explanation
The Linux kernel is regulated under the GPL (General Public License) agreement. This license ensures that the Linux kernel remains open-source and allows users to freely modify, distribute, and use the software. The GPL agreement promotes collaboration and encourages the sharing of improvements and modifications, making Linux one of the most consistent UNIX-like operating systems.

Explanation
The correct answer is /dev/hda1. This is because in Linux, the naming convention for IDE drives starts with /dev/hd, followed by a letter indicating the drive and a number indicating the partition. In this case, "a" represents the primary master IDE disk drive and "1" represents the first partition on that drive. Therefore, /dev/hda1 is the correct path for the first partition on the primary master IDE disk drive.

Explanation
The File Manager on Mac OSs uses the "extents overflow block" to store any information that is not in the MDB or VCB. This block is used when the file's data extents cannot be stored within the file's metadata and need to be stored separately.