Pharmacology Respiratory Drugs Quiz Questions And Answers

The correct answer is "actual exchange in the gas." Respiration refers to the process of exchanging gasses, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment. It involves the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. This exchange occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled. Therefore, the answer "actual exchange in the gas" accurately describes the process of respiration.

Albuterol is the correct answer because it is a drug that specifically stimulates Beta-2 receptors, resulting in bronchodilation. Bronchodilation is the widening of the airways in the lungs, which helps to relieve symptoms of conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent used to break down and thin mucus, Yohimbine is an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist, and Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine. None of these drugs have the specific mechanism of action of stimulating Beta-2 receptors to cause bronchodilation.

Mucosol is the correct answer because it is a mucolytic drug. Mucolytic drugs are used to break down and thin mucus in the respiratory tract, making it easier to cough up and clear from the airways. Tussigon is a cough suppressant, Gecolate is an expectorant, and Sudafed is a decongestant.

The alveoli are not classified as part of the Upper Respiratory tract because they are located in the lungs, which are part of the Lower Respiratory tract. The Upper Respiratory tract consists of the nares (nostrils), pharynx, and larynx, which are involved in the passage of air from the external environment to the lower respiratory system. The alveoli, on the other hand, are tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place between the air and the bloodstream.

Epinephrine is the drug of choice in an emergency situation with a patient in anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty in breathing, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Epinephrine works by constricting blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and opening up the airways, which helps to reverse the symptoms of anaphylaxis and improve the patient's condition. Atropine, Diphenhydramine, and Doxapram are not typically used in the treatment of anaphylactic shock.

Naloxone is used to reverse opioids. It is an opioid receptor antagonist that works by binding to the same receptors as opioids, blocking their effects and reversing the respiratory depression and sedation caused by opioids. Naloxone is commonly used in emergency situations to treat opioid overdoses and can quickly restore normal breathing and consciousness. It is an important tool in combating the potentially life-threatening effects of opioid overdose.

Phenylephrine is a medication commonly used as a decongestant and to raise blood pressure in certain situations. However, it is important to note that it is contraindicated, or not recommended, for use in patients with hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). This is because Phenylephrine can further increase blood pressure and heart rate, potentially worsening these conditions. Therefore, caution should be exercised and alternative medications should be considered in patients with hypertension and tachycardia.

Goblet cells are specialized cells found in the respiratory tract and other mucous membranes. Their main function is to secrete mucus, a sticky substance that helps to trap and remove foreign particles, such as dust, bacteria, and other pathogens. This mucus acts as a protective barrier, preventing these particles from entering further into the respiratory system and causing harm. Therefore, the function of goblet cells is to secrete mucus to trap foreign bodies and maintain the health of the respiratory system.

Acetylcysteine can also be used to treat acetaminophen toxicity. Acetaminophen is a commonly used pain reliever, but in overdose, it can cause liver damage. Acetylcysteine helps to prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing glutathione, a substance that is depleted during acetaminophen overdose. It acts as an antioxidant and helps to neutralize the toxic byproducts of acetaminophen metabolism. Therefore, acetylcysteine is an effective treatment for acetaminophen toxicity.

Antihistamines do not cause CNS stimulation. They are commonly used to treat allergies and have a sedative effect, which can cause drowsiness and calmness. However, they do not stimulate the central nervous system like the other classes of drugs mentioned. Methylxanthines and respiratory stimulants, on the other hand, are known to stimulate the CNS and increase alertness and respiratory drive.

Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine because it is a medication that blocks the action of histamine, which is a chemical in the body that causes allergic symptoms. Antihistamines like chlorpheniramine are commonly used to relieve symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose associated with allergies. Pseudoephedrine, glycopyrrolate, and epinephrine are not antihistamines.

Antihistamines are not a type of bronchodilator. Bronchodilators are medications that relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Beta-Adrenergic-Agonists, Anticholinergics, and Methylxanthines are all types of bronchodilators commonly used to treat conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Antihistamines, on the other hand, are primarily used to relieve allergy symptoms by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance released by the immune system during an allergic reaction. While they may help with symptoms such as sneezing and itching, they do not directly affect the airways and are not considered bronchodilators.

Atropine is a medication that can cause various side effects. One of the common side effects of Atropine is vomiting, which refers to the act of forcefully expelling stomach contents through the mouth. Another side effect is constipation, which is characterized by difficulty in passing stools. Atropine can also lead to urinary retention, which is the inability to completely empty the bladder. These side effects are important to be aware of when using Atropine as they may require medical attention or adjustments in the dosage.

Trimeprazine is an antitussive, which means it is a medication used to suppress or relieve coughing. It works by blocking the cough reflex in the brain, helping to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing. Yohimbine is not an antitussive; it is primarily used for erectile dysfunction. Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions, while Albuterol is also a bronchodilator commonly used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Ventilation refers to the process of breathing in fresh air. It involves the inhalation of oxygen-rich air and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. This exchange of gasses is essential for the proper functioning of the respiratory system and the delivery of oxygen to the body's cells. Breathing in fresh air helps to replenish oxygen levels in the body and remove waste gasses.

DM stands for dextromethorphan in most over the counter human medications. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant commonly used to relieve cough symptoms. It works by acting on the cough center in the brain to suppress the cough reflex.

When using Naloxone as a respiratory stimulant, it is important to note that it can reverse analgesia. This means that it can quickly and effectively counteract the effects of opioids on pain relief. This is particularly important in cases of opioid overdose, where Naloxone can rapidly restore normal breathing and prevent respiratory depression.

Methylxanthines have a narrow therapeutic index, which means that the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is small. This implies that careful monitoring of the drug's concentration in the blood is necessary to avoid toxicity. The other options mentioned, such as reverse analgesia, contraindication for hypertension and tachycardia, and treatment of acetaminophen toxicity, are not directly related to the important note about the narrow therapeutic index of Methylxanthines.

Dextromethorphan is toxic to animals.

Guaifenesin can also be used as a muscle relaxant for horses. Guaifenesin is an expectorant commonly used in humans to help loosen and clear mucus from the airways. However, it can also have muscle relaxant properties when used in higher doses. In horses, guaifenesin is sometimes used as a muscle relaxant during surgical procedures or to help alleviate muscle spasms or stiffness. It works by acting on the central nervous system and reducing muscle tone.

Gecolate is an expectorant.

Centrine is the trade name of Aminopentamide.

Trimeprazine is the correct answer because it is an antitussive medication that suppresses the cough reflex in the brain. It works by blocking the action of certain chemicals in the brain that trigger the cough reflex, thereby reducing coughing. Theophylline is a bronchodilator and does not directly suppress the cough reflex. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant and Guaifenesin is an expectorant, both of which do not suppress the cough reflex.

Aminopentamide is the correct answer because it blocks the action of acetylcholine, which is responsible for bronchoconstriction. By inhibiting acetylcholine, aminopentamide helps to prevent the narrowing of the airways in the lungs, thereby relieving symptoms of bronchoconstriction. Theobromine, naloxone, and phenylephrine do not have this specific mechanism of action and therefore would not be effective in preventing bronchoconstriction.

Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant. It acts on the central nervous system to increase the respiratory rate and depth, making it useful in treating respiratory depression caused by drug overdose, anesthesia, or other conditions. Hydrocodone is an opioid analgesic, Atropine is an anticholinergic drug, and Aminophylline is a bronchodilator. None of these drugs have respiratory stimulant properties.