Oral Prep Stage (Oral Disease)

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  • 1/83 Questions

    Oral Prep Stage (Anterior spill of bolus, drooling)

    • Weak Mastication musculature
    • Reduced tongue cordination
    • Decreased labial seal
    • Reduced buccal tension
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About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on the Oral Prep Stage of swallowing, assessing knowledge on issues like decreased labial seal, weak mastication musculature, and reduced tongue coordination. It is crucial for learners in medical and speech pathology fields to understand these dysfunctions to better diagnose and treat oral diseases.

Oral Prep Stage (Oral Disease) - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    (Oral Prep Stage) Buccal pocketing and excessive oral residue

    • Reduced tongue coordination

    • Weak mastication musculature

    • Reduced oral sensation

    • Reduced buccal tension

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Reduced tongue coordination
    A. Reduced oral sensation
    A. Reduced buccal tension
    Explanation
    The given answer suggests that reduced tongue coordination, reduced oral sensation, and reduced buccal tension are the likely explanations for the oral prep stage issues mentioned. These factors can contribute to difficulties in properly manipulating food in the mouth, leading to buccal pocketing (food getting stuck in the cheeks) and excessive oral residue (food residue remaining in the mouth after swallowing). Additionally, weak mastication musculature can also contribute to these issues, but it is not mentioned in the given answer.

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  • 3. 

    (Pharyngeal Stage) Food catches at the base of the tongue, delayed hyolaryngeal eleveation

    • Delayed pharyngeal swallow

    • Absent pharyngeal swallow

    • Also could be result of limited CP

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. Delayed pharyngeal swallow
    Explanation
    The given correct answer suggests that the food catches at the base of the tongue, causing a delay in the pharyngeal swallow. This means that there is a delay in the movement of food from the back of the mouth to the esophagus, which can lead to difficulties in swallowing and potentially result in choking or aspiration. This delay in the pharyngeal swallow can be caused by various factors, including muscle weakness or coordination issues in the throat muscles. It is important to address and manage this issue to ensure safe and efficient swallowing.

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  • 4. 

    (Pharyngeal Stage) Food doesn't go down, no hyolaryngeal elevation

    • Absent pharyngeal swallow

    • Also could be result of limited CP opening

    • Delayed pharyngeal swallow

    • Reduced pharyngeal contraction

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Absent pharyngeal swallow
    A. Also could be result of limited CP opening
    Explanation
    The given correct answer suggests that the absence of a pharyngeal swallow could be the reason for food not going down and the lack of hyolaryngeal elevation. Additionally, it mentions that limited CP (cricopharyngeal) opening could also be a contributing factor. This means that the muscles in the pharynx are not contracting properly, leading to difficulty in swallowing and food not being able to pass through the throat. The limited CP opening refers to the failure of the cricopharyngeal muscle to relax and open during swallowing, causing a blockage in the passage of food.

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  • 5. 

    (Pharyngeal/Esophageal Statge) Regurgitation of food, coughing after the swallow, collection of material in side pocket of the esophagus or pharynx

    • Cricopharyngeal dysfunction

    • Esophageal diverticulm

    • Tracheoesaphageal fistula

    • Relfux

    Correct Answer
    A. Esophageal diverticulm
    Explanation
    Esophageal diverticulum is a condition where a pouch or sac forms in the lining of the esophagus. This can lead to regurgitation of food, coughing after swallowing, and the collection of material in a side pocket of the esophagus or pharynx. In this case, the symptoms described in the question are consistent with esophageal diverticulum. Cricopharyngeal dysfunction, tracheoesophageal fistula, and reflux can also cause similar symptoms, but the presence of a diverticulum best explains the specific symptoms mentioned in the question.

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  • 6. 

    (Esophageal Stage) Regurgitation, coughing after the swallow

    • Reflux/GERD

    • Partial or total obstruction in esophagus

    • Esophageal diverticulum

    • Esophageal motility dysfunction

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Reflux/GERD
    A. Partial or total obstruction in esophagus
    Explanation
    The given answer suggests that regurgitation and coughing after swallowing can be caused by reflux/GERD or partial/total obstruction in the esophagus. Reflux/GERD refers to the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which can cause symptoms such as regurgitation and coughing. Partial or total obstruction in the esophagus can also lead to difficulty in swallowing and subsequent regurgitation and coughing. Both conditions can result in similar symptoms, highlighting the importance of further evaluation and diagnosis to determine the exact cause.

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  • 7. 

    (Esophageal Stage) Coughing/choking after the swallow, material passes from the esophagus to the trachea

    • Tracheoesophageal fistula

    • Reduced laryngeal dysfunction

    • Reflux/GERD

    • Partial or total obstruction in esophagus

    Correct Answer
    A. Tracheoesophageal fistula
    Explanation
    Tracheoesophageal fistula is a condition characterized by an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea. This connection allows food or liquid to pass from the esophagus into the trachea, leading to coughing/choking after swallowing. This condition can cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing, as well as recurrent respiratory infections. Treatment usually involves surgical repair of the fistula to restore normal function and prevent further complications.

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  • 8. 

    Does food get stuck in throat/mouth? Location where they typically eat?

    Correct Answer
    Where
    Explanation
    The question is asking about the location where food typically gets stuck in the throat or mouth. The answer "Where" implies that the location can vary and is not specified in the question. It suggests that food can get stuck anywhere in the throat or mouth, depending on the individual and the specific circumstances.

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  • 9. 

    __________ does the problem typically happen?  _________ did the problem start?

    Correct Answer
    When
  • 10. 

    _______ typically eats with the patient?   Must the patient be fed by someone else?

    Correct Answer
    Who
  • 11. 

    Special feeding techniques? Diet modification already in place? Cognitively intact to remember and follow direction.

    Correct Answer
    How
  • 12. 

    What do we look at when we visually inspect  the face

    • Droop

    • Drooling

    • Dry lips

    • Food on the outside of the mouth

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Droop
    A. Drooling
    A. Dry lips
    A. Food on the outside of the mouth
    Explanation
    When visually inspecting the face, we look for signs of droop, which could indicate muscle weakness or nerve damage. We also check for drooling, as excessive saliva production may suggest issues with swallowing or oral control. Dry lips can be a sign of dehydration or lack of moisture. Lastly, we look for any food residue on the outside of the mouth, which could indicate difficulties with chewing or swallowing.

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  • 13. 

    What do we visually inspect with regards to oral 

    • Dentition

    • Dry mouth

    • Oral care

    • Halitosis

    • Dry caked mucus on mouth

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Dentition
    A. Dry mouth
    A. Oral care
    A. Halitosis
    A. Dry caked mucus on mouth
    Explanation
    We visually inspect oral dentition to check the condition of teeth and gums. Dry mouth refers to the lack of saliva production, which can affect oral health. Oral care involves examining the overall hygiene and cleanliness of the mouth. Halitosis refers to bad breath, which can be a sign of oral health issues. Dry caked mucus on the mouth may indicate dehydration or an underlying health condition.

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  • 14. 

    What doe we assess in oral mechanism with the tongue

    • Lateralization-alternating rate, ROM

    • Elevation/depression-alternating rate, ROM

    • Tongue click on roof of mout

    • Pain with opening

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Lateralization-alternating rate, ROM
    A. Elevation/depression-alternating rate, ROM
    A. Tongue click on roof of mout
    Explanation
    The correct answer includes three components: lateralization-alternating rate and range of motion (ROM), elevation/depression-alternating rate and ROM, and tongue click on the roof of the mouth. These are all aspects that are assessed in the oral mechanism examination specifically related to the tongue. Lateralization refers to the ability of the tongue to move from side to side, while elevation/depression refers to the ability of the tongue to move up and down. The tongue click on the roof of the mouth assesses the strength and coordination of the tongue muscles.

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  • 15. 

    What do we look at in jaw control during the oral motor assessment 

    • ROM (3 finger widths minimum)

    • Pain with opening

    • Chewing assessed during p.o trials

    • Gag reflux

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. ROM (3 finger widths minimum)
    A. Pain with opening
    A. Chewing assessed during p.o trials
    Explanation
    During the oral motor assessment, we look at the range of motion (ROM) of the jaw, specifically a minimum of three finger widths. We also assess for any pain experienced by the individual when opening their mouth or chewing. Additionally, we evaluate the individual's ability to chew during trials of eating or drinking (p.o trials). The assessment does not include evaluating the gag reflex.

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  • 16. 

    What do we look for in the Soft Palate 

    • Symmetry

    • Gag reflex

    • Is nasality present

    • Regurgitation

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Symmetry
    A. Gag reflex
    A. Is nasality present
    Explanation
    In the soft palate, we look for symmetry to ensure that both sides are equal in size and shape. This helps in assessing any abnormalities or deformities. The gag reflex is also examined as it indicates the normal functioning of the soft palate. If the gag reflex is absent, it may suggest a neurological issue. Nasality is checked to determine if there is any abnormal sound or resonance during speech, which could be a sign of a soft palate dysfunction. Regurgitation is not specifically related to the soft palate and is not relevant in this context.

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  • 17. 

    What do we look at in laryngeal palpation 

    • Elevation with or without protraction

    • Rate of elevation

    • Movement fluidity

    • Gurgling

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Elevation with or without protraction
    A. Rate of elevation
    A. Movement fluidity
    Explanation
    In laryngeal palpation, we look for the elevation of the larynx with or without protraction, the rate of elevation, and the movement fluidity. These factors help us assess the functioning and coordination of the laryngeal muscles during speech and swallowing.

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  • 18. 

    What is done in cervical auscultation 

    • Place stethoscope on side of neck and listen to breathing on each side, listen to swallow

    • Gurguling? have patient clear

    • Still gurgling patient unable to clear

    • Check for phonation

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Place stethoscope on side of neck and listen to breathing on each side, listen to swallow
    A. Gurguling? have patient clear
    A. Still gurgling patient unable to clear
    Explanation
    Cervical auscultation is a technique used to assess the swallowing function by listening to the sounds produced during the swallowing process. In this procedure, a stethoscope is placed on the side of the neck to listen to the breathing sounds on each side. The clinician also listens for any abnormal sounds, such as gurgling, which may indicate a problem with swallowing. If gurgling is heard, the patient is asked to clear their throat. If the gurgling persists and the patient is unable to clear it, further evaluation of the patient's ability to produce sounds (phonation) may be necessary.

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  • 19. 

    We should use ice cold water?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Room temp water

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  • 20. 

    What are the signs of silent aspiration 

    • Have a patient say ah after every presentation

    • Listen for wet gurgly voice

    • Look for watery eyes and runny nose

    • Listen for delayed cough

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Have a patient say ah after every presentation
    A. Listen for wet gurgly voice
    A. Look for watery eyes and runny nose
    A. Listen for delayed cough
    Explanation
    The signs of silent aspiration include having the patient say "ah" after every presentation, listening for a wet gurgly voice, looking for watery eyes and a runny nose, and listening for a delayed cough. These signs indicate that the patient may be silently aspirating, meaning that they are inhaling food or liquid into their lungs without coughing or showing any outward signs. By observing these signs, healthcare professionals can identify and address the issue of silent aspiration.

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  • 21. 

    What are the signs of difficulty when eating or p.o trials 

    • Residue in oral cavity

    • Spill of food from mouth

    • Coughing

    • Report of residue in throat

    • Regurgitation

    • Piecemeal deglutition

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Residue in oral cavity
    A. Spill of food from mouth
    A. Coughing
    A. Report of residue in throat
    A. Regurgitation
    A. Piecemeal deglutition
    Explanation
    The signs of difficulty when eating or performing oral trials include residue in the oral cavity, spill of food from the mouth, coughing, report of residue in the throat, regurgitation, and piecemeal deglutition. These signs indicate that the individual is having trouble swallowing or properly managing food in their mouth, leading to various issues such as food getting stuck in the oral cavity or throat, coughing, and regurgitation. Piecemeal deglutition refers to the individual swallowing food in small pieces instead of swallowing it in one fluid motion, which can also indicate difficulty in eating.

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  • 22. 

    What are some considerations when doing a P.O trial

    • Fatigue

    • Appetite

    • Oral care (do they have teeth)

    • Hydration

    • Shortness of breath

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Fatigue
    A. Appetite
    A. Oral care (do they have teeth)
    A. Hydration
    A. Shortness of breath
    Explanation
    This answer lists some considerations that should be taken into account when conducting a P.O (per oral) trial. Fatigue, appetite, oral care (including whether the patient has teeth), hydration, and shortness of breath are all important factors to consider during the trial. These considerations help ensure the patient's comfort and well-being during the trial and can also impact the effectiveness of the treatment.

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  • 23. 

    Diet level orders should include what 

    • Diet level recommendations for solids and liquids

    • Supervision for intake

    • How to administer medications

    • Aspiration precautions

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Diet level recommendations for solids and liquids
    A. Supervision for intake
    A. How to administer medications
    A. Aspiration precautions
    Explanation
    This answer is correct because diet level orders should include recommendations for both solids and liquids, as well as supervision for intake to ensure the patient is following the prescribed diet. Additionally, instructions on how to administer medications should be included in the diet level orders, as well as precautions to prevent aspiration, which is a potential risk when eating or drinking.

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  • 24. 

    What is FEES

    Correct Answer(s)
    Videoendoscopy
    Explanation
    FEES stands for Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing. It is a procedure used to assess swallowing difficulties by inserting a flexible endoscope through the nasal passage to view the swallowing mechanism. Videoendoscopy, on the other hand, refers to the use of a video camera attached to the endoscope to record and visualize the internal structures. Since FEES involves the use of videoendoscopy, it can be inferred that videoendoscopy is a part of the FEES procedure.

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  • 25. 

    What are the advantages of FEES

    • No radiation

    • Clear view of all structures

    • Assess airway closure

    • Doesn't visualize oral prep or oral stage

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. No radiation
    A. Clear view of all structures
    A. Assess airway closure
    Explanation
    FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing) offers several advantages. Firstly, there is no radiation involved, making it a safe procedure for patients. Additionally, FEES provides a clear view of all structures involved in swallowing, allowing for accurate assessment and diagnosis. It also enables the evaluation of airway closure during swallowing, which is crucial in identifying any potential issues. However, FEES does not visualize the oral preparation or oral stage of swallowing.

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  • 26. 

    What are the disadvantage of FEES

    • Cant see during swallow

    • Limits VP closure

    • Must define problem based upon location of residue

    • Clear view of all structures

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Cant see during swallow
    A. Limits VP closure
    A. Must define problem based upon location of residue
    Explanation
    The disadvantages of FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing) are that it cannot provide a clear view during swallowing, it limits the assessment of velopharyngeal (VP) closure, and it requires the problem to be defined based on the location of residue.

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  • 27. 

    What are the advantages of VFSS

    • You can view the motor aspects of the pharyngeal swallow

    • You can see mastication and oral phase

    • Triggering of the pharyngeal swallow is due to position of the bolus

    • Cant view structures directly

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. You can view the motor aspects of the pharyngeal swallow
    A. You can see mastication and oral phase
    A. Triggering of the pharyngeal swallow is due to position of the bolus
    Explanation
    The advantages of VFSS include the ability to view the motor aspects of the pharyngeal swallow, observe mastication and the oral phase of swallowing, and understand that the triggering of the pharyngeal swallow is influenced by the position of the bolus. However, it is important to note that VFSS does not allow for direct visualization of structures involved in swallowing.

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  • 28. 

    What are the challenges with using VFSS

    • Hard to assess fatigue

    • Barium changes food consistency

    • Presence of aspiration does not indicate aspiration pheumonia

    • Contrast issues

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Hard to assess fatigue
    A. Barium changes food consistency
    A. Presence of aspiration does not indicate aspiration pheumonia
    A. Contrast issues
    Explanation
    The challenges with using VFSS include difficulty in assessing fatigue, as it is hard to determine if the patient's fatigue is due to swallowing difficulties or other factors. Barium changes the consistency of food, making it difficult to accurately assess the patient's normal swallowing function. The presence of aspiration does not necessarily indicate aspiration pneumonia, as aspiration can occur without causing pneumonia. Contrast issues may also arise during VFSS, making it difficult to clearly visualize the swallowing process.

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  • 29. 

    We use VFSS to identify the normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology of the swallow

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because VFSS (Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study) is a diagnostic procedure used to assess the anatomy and physiology of the swallow. It involves the use of X-ray imaging to visualize the swallowing process in real-time, allowing healthcare professionals to identify any abnormalities or difficulties in swallowing. By observing the movement of the structures involved in swallowing, such as the tongue, throat, and esophagus, VFSS helps in diagnosing and determining appropriate treatment for swallowing disorders.

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  • 30. 

    What can dehydration lead to 

    • Hospitalization

    • Confusion

    • Fever

    • Weight loss

    • Lethargy

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Hospitalization
    A. Confusion
    A. Fever
    A. Weight loss
    A. Lethargy
    Explanation
    Dehydration can lead to hospitalization because severe dehydration can cause a person's vital organs to fail, requiring medical intervention and monitoring. It can also lead to confusion because dehydration affects the brain's ability to function properly. Fever can be a symptom of dehydration as the body tries to regulate its temperature. Weight loss is another possible consequence of dehydration as the body loses water and electrolytes. Lethargy can occur due to the lack of fluids and nutrients needed for energy production.

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  • 31. 

    What is the Free water protocol 

    • Order FWP

    • SLP helps in deciding who is a candidate

    • Water is freely offered

    • Oral care before first meal

    • Water is permitted until first bite of food

    • No water during a meal (thickened liquid only)

    • Meds given with prescribed liquid level or puree

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Order FWP
    A. SLP helps in deciding who is a candidate
    A. Water is freely offered
    A. Oral care before first meal
    A. Water is permitted until first bite of food
    A. No water during a meal (thickened liquid only)
    A. Meds given with prescribed liquid level or puree
    Explanation
    The Free Water Protocol (FWP) is a set of guidelines for patients with dysphagia to safely consume water. The protocol includes the following steps: Order FWP, SLP (Speech-Language Pathologist) helps in deciding who is a candidate, water is freely offered, oral care before the first meal, water is permitted until the first bite of food, no water during a meal (thickened liquid only), and medications are given with a prescribed liquid level or puree. These steps ensure that patients with dysphagia can safely consume water while minimizing the risk of aspiration or choking.

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  • 32. 

    What is the Frazier Water Protocol

    • After meals there is oral care

    • Wait 30 minutes until thin liquid is presented

    • Tube feeders can have water anytime as ling as oral care is performed

    • Option4

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. After meals there is oral care
    A. Wait 30 minutes until thin liquid is presented
    A. Tube feeders can have water anytime as ling as oral care is performed
    Explanation
    The Frazier Water Protocol is a set of guidelines for providing water to patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) who are on a tube feeding regimen. According to the protocol, after meals, oral care should be performed. After that, the patient should wait for 30 minutes before being given thin liquid. However, tube feeders can have water anytime as long as oral care is performed. This protocol ensures that patients receive proper hydration while minimizing the risk of aspiration and choking.

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  • 33. 

    contraindication is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment. What are contraindications for Frazier free water 

    • Super Coughers

    • Those with active pneumonia

    • Brainstem infarcts

    • Parkinsonism

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Super Coughers
    A. Those with active pneumonia
    A. Brainstem infarcts
    A. Parkinsonism
  • 34. 

    What does residue on the tongue base indicate during a video fluoroscopic study indicate

    • Reduced tongue movement or strength

    • Reduced tongue base retraction

    • Reduced laryngeal elevation

    • Unilateral pharyngeal paralysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Reduced tongue movement or strength
    Explanation
    Residue on the tongue base during a video fluoroscopic study indicates reduced tongue movement or strength. This means that the tongue is not able to adequately clear food and liquid from the mouth and back of the throat, leading to residue remaining on the tongue base. This can potentially cause swallowing difficulties and increase the risk of aspiration.

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  • 35. 

    According to ASHA when is an instrumental evaluation necessary 

    • When signs and symptoms are inconsistent with findings

    • Need to confirm a suspected medical diagnosis

    • Safety and efficiency of the swallow are in question

    • Specific information is needed for Swallow Rehab Candidate

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. When signs and symptoms are inconsistent with findings
    A. Need to confirm a suspected medical diagnosis
    A. Safety and efficiency of the swallow are in question
    A. Specific information is needed for Swallow Rehab Candidate
    Explanation
    An instrumental evaluation is necessary when signs and symptoms are inconsistent with findings, meaning that the observed symptoms do not match the expected results based on the examination. It is also necessary when there is a need to confirm a suspected medical diagnosis, as the instrumental evaluation can provide more accurate and detailed information about the condition. Additionally, if the safety and efficiency of the swallow are in question, an instrumental evaluation can help assess the swallowing function and identify any potential risks. Finally, when specific information is needed for a Swallow Rehab Candidate, an instrumental evaluation can provide detailed data to guide the rehabilitation process.

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  • 36. 

    NG tube 

    • Nose to stomach

    • Direct to stomach

    • Direct to Jejunum

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. Nose to stomach
    Explanation
    An NG tube stands for nasogastric tube, which is a medical device that is inserted through the nose and goes down into the stomach. It is used for various purposes such as feeding, medication administration, or drainage of stomach contents. Therefore, the correct answer is "Nose to stomach" as it accurately describes the route of the NG tube.

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  • 37. 

    Some oral feeding such as liquids, thinned puree are possible with NG tubing

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    NG tubing, or nasogastric tubing, is a medical procedure where a tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach. This allows for the delivery of nutrients, medications, or fluids directly into the stomach. Since NG tubing bypasses the mouth and throat, it is possible to administer oral feeding such as liquids and thinned puree through the tube. Therefore, the statement that oral feeding such as liquids and thinned puree are possible with NG tubing is true.

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  • 38. 

    What are the disadvantages of NG tubes

    • Physical presence in nose, pharynx, and esophagus

    • Potential for reflux

    • Liquid diet may be expensive

    • Allows them to still swallow for 3 weeks

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Physical presence in nose, pharynx, and esophagus
    A. Potential for reflux
    A. Liquid diet may be expensive
    Explanation
    NG tubes, or nasogastric tubes, have several disadvantages. Firstly, their physical presence in the nose, pharynx, and esophagus can cause discomfort and irritation for the patient. Additionally, there is a potential for reflux, which can lead to aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs. Another drawback is that a liquid diet may be expensive, as it requires specialized formulas or supplements. Despite these disadvantages, NG tubes do allow patients to continue swallowing for up to three weeks, which can be beneficial in certain medical conditions.

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  • 39. 

    The NG tube is typically replaced by a PEG after 3-4 months 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that an NG tube (nasogastric tube) is a temporary tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach for various reasons such as feeding or draining fluids. However, if long-term enteral feeding is required, a PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) tube is typically placed after 3-4 months. A PEG tube is a more permanent solution as it is inserted directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall, providing a more comfortable and convenient option for feeding. Therefore, the statement "The NG tube is typically replaced by a PEG after 3-4 months" is true.

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  • 40. 

    The J-tube goes where

    • Nose to stomach

    • Direct to jejunum

    • Option3

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. Direct to jejunum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Direct to jejunum." The J-tube is a type of feeding tube that is inserted directly into the jejunum, which is a part of the small intestine. This allows for direct delivery of nutrients into the digestive system, bypassing the stomach. This method is often used when there are issues with the stomach or when it is necessary to bypass the stomach for any reason.

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  • 41. 

    What are the disadvantages of a PEG tube 

    • Infeectin

    • Gerd

    • Does not stop aspiration of secretions

    • Should not be used a cure for aspiration

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Infeectin
    A. Gerd
    A. Does not stop aspiration of secretions
    A. Should not be used a cure for aspiration
    Explanation
    The disadvantages of a PEG tube include the risk of infection, as it provides a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the body. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also be a complication, as the tube can worsen acid reflux symptoms. Additionally, PEG tubes do not stop the aspiration of secretions, which can lead to respiratory complications. It is important to note that PEG tubes should not be used as a cure for aspiration, as they do not address the underlying cause of the problem.

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  • 42. 

    A PEG tube is an effective cure for aspiration 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) tube is not a cure for aspiration. It is a medical procedure in which a feeding tube is inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall to provide nutrition for individuals who are unable to eat or swallow normally. Aspiration, on the other hand, is the inhalation of foreign material into the lungs, which can lead to pneumonia or other respiratory issues. While a PEG tube can help prevent aspiration by providing nutrition directly to the stomach, it is not a cure for aspiration itself. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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  • 43. 

    When would one use a PEG tube

    • Patients with head and neck cancer

    • Acute stroke with dysphagia persistent for 6 weeks after hospital discharge

    • ALS patients

    • Malignant bowl obstruction

    • Some one who aspirates

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Patients with head and neck cancer
    A. Acute stroke with dysphagia persistent for 6 weeks after hospital discharge
    A. ALS patients
    A. Malignant bowl obstruction
    Explanation
    A PEG tube, or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, is used in patients who are unable to consume adequate nutrition orally. Patients with head and neck cancer often experience difficulty swallowing due to tumors or treatment-related complications, making a PEG tube necessary for nutrition support. Acute stroke patients with persistent dysphagia after hospital discharge may also require a PEG tube to ensure proper nutrition intake. ALS patients, who experience progressive muscle weakness and impaired swallowing, may benefit from a PEG tube as well. Lastly, individuals with malignant bowel obstruction may require a PEG tube to bypass the obstruction and maintain nutrition.

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  • 44. 

    What is the purpose of compensatory strategies and safe intake strategies?

    • To control the flow of food or liquid and to eliminate or reduce the patient's symptoms

    • To aid the patient in effective swallowing

    • To test new swallowing processes

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. To control the flow of food or liquid and to eliminate or reduce the patient's symptoms
    Explanation
    Compensatory strategies and safe intake strategies are used to control the flow of food or liquid and to eliminate or reduce the patient's symptoms. These strategies are designed to aid the patient in effective swallowing and to ensure that they are able to consume food and liquids safely without experiencing any adverse effects. By implementing these strategies, healthcare professionals can help patients manage their swallowing difficulties and improve their overall quality of life.

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  • 45. 

    What are the postural techniques used in swallowing treatment 

    • Chin up-used to drain food with the aid of gravity-used for oral phase deficit

    • Head rotation-rotate head to damaged side-used with those who have a unilateral pharyngeal wall or vocal fold weakness

    • Chin down-tongue base and epiglottis pushed closer to the posterior pharyngeal wall- used for patients with delayed trigger of the swallow

    • Head tilt-Tilt head to good side-gravity flows food to good side-used with patients used with patients who have unilateral oral and pharyngeal impairment

    • Lying down-trying to avoid aspiration by gravity-used when residue in the pharynx is aspirated-patient needs to suck out of straw and cough before sitting up

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Chin up-used to drain food with the aid of gravity-used for oral phase deficit
    A. Head rotation-rotate head to damaged side-used with those who have a unilateral pharyngeal wall or vocal fold weakness
    A. Chin down-tongue base and epiglottis pushed closer to the posterior pharyngeal wall- used for patients with delayed trigger of the swallow
    A. Head tilt-Tilt head to good side-gravity flows food to good side-used with patients used with patients who have unilateral oral and pharyngeal impairment
    A. Lying down-trying to avoid aspiration by gravity-used when residue in the pharynx is aspirated-patient needs to suck out of straw and cough before sitting up
    Explanation
    The postural techniques used in swallowing treatment include chin up, head rotation, chin down, head tilt, and lying down. Chin up is used to drain food with the aid of gravity and is specifically used for patients with oral phase deficit. Head rotation involves rotating the head to the damaged side and is used for patients with a unilateral pharyngeal wall or vocal fold weakness. Chin down is used to push the tongue base and epiglottis closer to the posterior pharyngeal wall and is used for patients with a delayed trigger of the swallow. Head tilt involves tilting the head to the good side, allowing gravity to flow food to the good side, and is used for patients with unilateral oral and pharyngeal impairment. Lying down is used to avoid aspiration by gravity and is specifically used when residue in the pharynx is aspirated. In this case, the patient needs to suck out of a straw and cough before sitting up.

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  • 46. 

    Introduces food into the mouth and reinforce appropriate behaviors and motor control during the swallow

    • Direct dysphagia therapy

    • Indirect dysphagia therapy

    • Option3

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. Direct dysphagia therapy
    Explanation
    Direct dysphagia therapy involves introducing food into the mouth and reinforcing appropriate behaviors and motor control during the swallow. This type of therapy directly addresses the swallowing difficulties and helps improve the individual's ability to swallow safely and efficiently. It may involve exercises, techniques, and strategies to improve swallowing function. Indirect dysphagia therapy, on the other hand, focuses on modifying the environment or the consistency of food and drinks to make swallowing easier.

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  • 47. 

    Uses exercises to improve neuromotor controls that are prerequisites for normal swallowing, or practice swallowing on saliva and secretions only

    • Indirect dysphagia therapy

    • Direct dysphagia therapy

    • Option3

    • Option4

    Correct Answer
    A. Indirect dysphagia therapy
    Explanation
    Indirect dysphagia therapy involves using exercises to improve neuromotor controls that are necessary for normal swallowing. This therapy focuses on strengthening the muscles and coordination involved in swallowing. Another approach in indirect dysphagia therapy is practicing swallowing on saliva and secretions only, without consuming solid or liquid foods. This allows the individual to work on their swallowing abilities without the risk of choking or aspiration. Therefore, the given answer "indirect dysphagia therapy" is the correct choice as it accurately describes the approach mentioned in the explanation.

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  • 48. 

    What are the four traditional dysphagia therapy techniques 

    • Oral motor exercises

    • Range of motion exercises

    • Procedures to heighten sensory input

    • Swallow maneuvers

    • Increased sensation techniques

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Oral motor exercises
    A. Range of motion exercises
    A. Procedures to heighten sensory input
    A. Swallow maneuvers
    Explanation
    The four traditional dysphagia therapy techniques are oral motor exercises, range of motion exercises, procedures to heighten sensory input, and swallow maneuvers. These techniques aim to improve the coordination and strength of the muscles involved in swallowing, increase the range of motion in the throat and mouth, enhance sensory awareness during swallowing, and teach specific techniques to facilitate safe and efficient swallowing. These techniques are commonly used in dysphagia therapy to address various swallowing difficulties and improve overall swallowing function.

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  • 49. 

    A patient has reduced vocal fold closure and a delayed pharyngeal swallow which swallowing maneuver would you use?

    • Super-supraglotitc

    • Effortful swallow

    • Supraglottic swallow

    • Mendelsohn Maneuver

    Correct Answer
    A. Supraglottic swallow
    Explanation
    The supraglottic swallow is the appropriate swallowing maneuver to use in this case. It involves the patient holding their breath, closing their vocal folds tightly to prevent aspiration, and then swallowing. This maneuver helps to improve vocal fold closure and prevent food or liquid from entering the airway. It is effective in cases where there is reduced vocal fold closure and a delayed pharyngeal swallow.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): May 5, 2024 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • May 05, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 13, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Jbunney
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