Clinical Respiratory System Quiz

Cilia are the tiny hairs that line the respiratory tract and help to move mucus and trapped particles away from the lungs. They act as a protective barrier, preventing mucus and dirt from entering the lungs and causing damage or infection.

The nares are also called nostrils. The term "nares" refers to the external openings of the nose, which are commonly known as nostrils. They serve as the entrance for air into the respiratory system.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It is not the inflammation of the throat, as stated in the answer. Instead, it primarily affects the bronchi and bronchioles, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing and wheezing. Asthma can be triggered by various factors including air temperature, allergens, exercise, and respiratory infections. The inflammation in the airways causes them to become sensitive and react to these triggers, resulting in symptoms and breathing difficulties.

The alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the ends of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of respiration.

The trachea is a tube-like structure that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes in the lungs. It is commonly known as the windpipe because it allows air to pass in and out of the lungs, facilitating the process of breathing. The trachea is responsible for transporting air to and from the lungs, ensuring that oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon dioxide is expelled. Therefore, the correct answer is windpipe.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, creating more space in the chest cavity. This allows the lungs to expand and fill up with air. When you breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape, pushing air out of the lungs. Therefore, the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by helping to regulate the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

The function of the respiratory system is to allow gas exchange, specifically providing parts of the body with oxygen. This is achieved through the process of breathing, where oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled. The respiratory system includes organs such as the lungs, bronchi, and diaphragm, which work together to facilitate the exchange of gases between the air and the bloodstream. Oxygen is then transported to various parts of the body to support cellular respiration and provide energy for bodily functions.

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases in the body. It includes organs such as the trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. The trachea carries air to and from the lungs, while the lungs are responsible for the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs that plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to allow air to enter and leave the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is the diaphragm.

When you breathe out, your body gets rid of carbon dioxide gas. During respiration, your body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. The oxygen is used by the cells in your body for various metabolic processes, and carbon dioxide is produced as a result. This carbon dioxide is then transported through the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is released when you exhale.

The correct answer is "voice box." The larynx is a part of the respiratory system located in the throat. It is responsible for producing sound and is commonly referred to as the voice box. The other options listed, such as lungs, diaphragm, windpipe, and nostrils, are incorrect as they are different parts of the respiratory system and not synonymous with the larynx.

Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory system that is characterized by a persistent bloody cough. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. The bacteria can spread from person to person through the air when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Symptoms of tuberculosis include coughing up blood, persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent the spread of the disease and manage its symptoms.

The nose has multiple functions. It warms the air as it enters the body, allowing it to be more easily absorbed by the lungs. The olfactory receptors in the nose allow us to detect and perceive different smells. The cilia and mucous membranes in the nose filter the air, trapping dust and other particles before they reach the lungs. Phonation, or the production of sound, is also aided by the nose. Therefore, all of the answer choices are correct functions of the nose.

The esophagus is not a part of the respiratory system. It is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and is responsible for transporting food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach during the process of digestion. In contrast, the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchus are all components of the respiratory system, which is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.

The voice box, also known as the larynx, is responsible for producing sound and allowing us to speak. It is located in the throat and contains the vocal cords, which vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound. The larynx also helps to protect the airway during swallowing, as it closes off to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs. The other options listed, such as alveoli, trachea, and pharynx, are not correct because they do not refer to the voice box specifically.

The septum is a structure in the nose that divides it into left and right nares. It is made up of cartilage and bone, and its main function is to provide structural support to the nose. The septum also helps to regulate airflow and keep the nasal passages clear.

The prefix "pulmo" is derived from the Latin word "pulmo" which means "lung." Therefore, the correct answer is lung.

The correct answer is that the right lung has 3 lobes. This is true because the right lung is divided into three lobes, while the left lung only has two lobes. The lungs are not made of muscle tissue, but rather are composed of spongy, elastic tissue that allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the statement that all of the answer choices are true is incorrect.

A pneumothorax refers to a collapsed lung caused by the presence of air in the pleural space. The pleural space is the area between the lung and the chest wall. When air enters this space, it disrupts the normal pressure balance and causes the lung to collapse. Symptoms of a pneumothorax may include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and decreased breath sounds on one side of the chest. Treatment for a pneumothorax may involve the removal of air from the pleural space and the use of a chest tube to re-expand the lung.

The correct answer is "Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood." This is because during respiration, oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses out of the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled. This process allows for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream, ensuring that oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide is removed.

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue that prevents food or water from entering the trachea, also known as the windpipe. When we swallow, the epiglottis closes over the opening of the trachea, directing the food or liquid down the esophagus and into the stomach. This mechanism helps to prevent choking or aspiration of foreign substances into the respiratory system.

The diaphragm is a muscle group that allows you to breathe in and out. It is located at the base of the lungs and separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward, increasing the space in the chest cavity and allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. When it relaxes, it moves back up, decreasing the space in the chest cavity and helping to expel air from the lungs. Therefore, the diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of breathing.

Oxygen cannot be stored by the body because it is constantly needed for various physiological processes such as respiration and energy production. Unlike other substances like vitamins, minerals, and calcium, which can be stored in the body for later use, oxygen needs to be continuously supplied through breathing to meet the body's metabolic demands. Therefore, the body does not have the ability to store oxygen for future use.

The superior division of the pharynx is the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx is located behind the nasal cavity and above the oropharynx. It serves as a passageway for air and connects the nasal cavity to the rest of the pharynx. The oropharynx is the middle division of the pharynx, located behind the oral cavity, while the laryngopharynx is the inferior division, located behind the larynx. The larynx, on the other hand, is not a division of the pharynx but a separate structure involved in vocalization and protecting the airway.

Each alveolus has a fine mesh of capillaries where the exchange of oxygen takes place. Blood containing carbon dioxide enters the capillaries lining the alveoli. The gas moves from the blood across a thin film of moisture and into the air sac. The carbon dioxide is then breathed out. On inhalation, oxygen is drawn into the alveoli, where it passes into the blood using the same film of moisture.

The middle division of the pharynx is the oropharynx. The pharynx is divided into three parts: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The oropharynx is located behind the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis. It serves as a passageway for both air and food, as well as housing the tonsils. The nasopharynx is located behind the nasal cavity, the laryngopharynx is located below the oropharynx and connects to the esophagus and larynx, and the larynx is the structure commonly known as the voice box.

Hemothorax refers to the accumulation of blood in the pleural space, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This condition can occur as a result of trauma or injury to the chest, such as a puncture wound or a fractured rib. The presence of blood in the pleural space can cause the lung to collapse, leading to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, and decreased lung function. Treatment for hemothorax typically involves draining the blood from the pleural space and addressing the underlying cause of the bleeding.

The lobes of the lungs are made of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and lines the cavities of the body. It acts as a protective barrier and helps in the exchange of gases in the lungs. The epithelial tissue in the lungs consists of thin, flat cells that are specialized for efficient gas exchange. This tissue is essential for the functioning of the respiratory system.

Apnea is a disorder of the respiratory system characterized by a temporary cessation of breathing. During an apnea episode, breathing stops for a short period, leading to a decrease in oxygen levels in the body. This can result in symptoms such as gasping for air, choking sensations, and disrupted sleep patterns. Apnea can be caused by various factors, including obstruction of the airway, neurological conditions, or certain medications. Treatment options for apnea may include lifestyle changes, such as weight loss or avoiding alcohol and sedatives, as well as the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices or surgery in severe cases.

The trachea is a tube-like structure located in front of the esophagus. It is responsible for carrying air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi in the lungs. The larynx, nasopharynx, and pharynx are all parts of the respiratory system, but they do not carry air directly to the bronchi like the trachea does. Therefore, the correct answer is trachea.

The inferior division of the pharynx is the laryngopharynx. The pharynx is divided into three parts: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The laryngopharynx is the lowest part of the pharynx, located behind the larynx (voice box) and extending down to the esophagus. It serves as a pathway for both air and food, as it connects the respiratory and digestive systems.

The correct answer is palatine bones. The palatine bones are located in the skull and form the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nose. They help to separate the oral and nasal cavities, contributing to functions such as speech and swallowing.

The pharyngeal sinus is not a paranasal sinus. The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull, and they include the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses. The pharyngeal sinus, also known as the nasopharynx, is a part of the pharynx or throat, and it is not considered a paranasal sinus.

To stay inflated, the lungs rely on a vacuum within the chest. The diaphragm relaxes and contracts as we breathe. The change in air pressure ‘sucks’ air into the lungs on inhalation, and ‘pushes’ air out during exhalation.

The lungs look like giant sponges, they are filled with thousands of tubes, branching smaller and smaller. Alveoli, or air sacs, are the smallest parts of all.

The correct answer is Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood. This is because oxygen is transported from the blood into the systemic cells, while carbon dioxide is transported from the systemic cells into the blood. This process occurs through diffusion, where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the capillaries near systemic cells, the concentration of oxygen is higher in the blood compared to the cells, so it diffuses out of the blood into the cells. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the cells compared to the blood, so it diffuses from the cells into the blood.

The pharynx is a passageway for air, food, and water. It is located behind the mouth and nasal cavity and connects to both the esophagus and the larynx. When we swallow, the epiglottis closes off the larynx to prevent food and water from entering the trachea. Therefore, the pharynx is responsible for directing air into the trachea and food and water into the esophagus.