12 Chemistry Unit-20 Organic Nitrogen Compounds

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The electrophile used in the nitration of benzene is the nitronium ion. This is because the nitronium ion (NO2+) is a strong electrophile that can react with the benzene ring to form a nitro group (-NO2) attached to the benzene molecule. This reaction is known as nitration and is commonly used to introduce nitro groups into aromatic compounds.

In nitro alkanes, the -NO2 group is converted to -NH2 group by the reaction with Sn/HCl.

The basic character of amines is due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. This lone pair of electrons can easily accept a proton, making amines capable of acting as bases and forming salts with acids. The tetrahedral structure, presence of nitrogen atom, and high electronegativity of nitrogen are not directly responsible for the basic character of amines.

Nitrobenzene has the smell of bitter almonds.

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Bromoethane reacts with silver nitrite to give C2H5NO2.

Primary amines have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, making them Lewis bases. A Lewis base is a species that donates an electron pair to form a coordinate bond with a Lewis acid. Therefore, primary amines can act as Lewis bases.

Diphenylamine is a secondary amine because it contains two phenyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom. In a secondary amine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. In diphenylamine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two phenyl groups (which are aromatic rings) and one hydrogen atom, making it a secondary amine. Aniline is a primary amine because it has one phenyl group attached to a nitrogen atom. Sec.butylamine and tert.butylamine are both primary amines because they have one alkyl group attached to a nitrogen atom.

Aniline differs from ethylamine by the reaction with nitrous acid. This reaction is known as the diazotization reaction. When aniline reacts with nitrous acid, it forms a diazonium salt, while ethylamine does not undergo this reaction. This difference in reactivity is due to the presence of an aromatic ring in aniline, which allows for the formation of the diazonium salt. In contrast, ethylamine does not have an aromatic ring and therefore does not undergo diazotization with nitrous acid.

The correct answer is option 3 because the isomerism exhibited by CH3-CH2-N⟶O and CH3-CH2-ON=O is functional isomerism. Functional isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups. In this case, the compounds have different functional groups - one has a nitrogen atom and the other has a nitro group.

The correct answer is option 2, C6H5-NHOH. This is because electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in concentrated sulfuric acid results in the formation of C6H5-NHOH, which is the intermediate formed in this reaction.

Nitromethane condenses with acetaldehyde to give 1-nitro-2-propanol.

When nitromethane is reduced with Zn dust and NH4Cl in a neutral medium, the product formed is CH3NHOH.

The correct answer is m-dinitrobenzene. Nitration of nitrobenzene involves the substitution of a nitro group (-NO2) onto the benzene ring. Since nitrobenzene is a meta-directing group, the nitro group will be attached to the meta position of the benzene ring, resulting in m-dinitrobenzene.

When aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride is boiled, it undergoes a reaction known as diazonium coupling. In this reaction, the diazonium salt reacts with water to form phenol. Therefore, the product formed is phenol (Option 3).

Toluene is the most reactive compound towards electrophilic nitration because it has a methyl group attached to the benzene ring. The presence of the methyl group increases the electron density on the ring, making it more susceptible to attack by electrophiles. This results in a faster and more efficient nitration reaction compared to benzene, benzoic acid, and nitrobenzene.

The reduction of CH3-CH2-C≡N with sodium and alcohol results in the formation of CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2. This is because the triple bond in the nitrile group (C≡N) is converted into a single bond (C-N) during the reduction process. The resulting compound is an amine (NH2) group attached to the carbon chain (CH3-CH2-CH2-). Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Benzyl amine will not undergo diazotisation because it does not have an amino group (-NH2) attached to an aromatic ring. Diazotisation is a reaction in which an amino group is converted into a diazonium ion (-N2+). In this case, m-toluidine, aniline, and p-amino phenol all have amino groups attached to an aromatic ring and can undergo diazotisation. However, benzyl amine does not have an amino group attached to an aromatic ring, so it cannot undergo diazotisation.

The correct answer is option 3, C6H5N2Cl. The given compound C6H5NH2 is an aniline compound, which is an amine. The compound X should have a similar structure to aniline, but with a different functional group. Option 1, C6H5Cl, is a chlorobenzene compound and does not have the amine functional group. Option 2, C6H5NHOH, is a hydroxylamine compound and also does not have the amine functional group. Option 4, C6H5OH, is a phenol compound and does not have the amine functional group. Only option 3, C6H5N2Cl, has the correct structure with a nitrogen and chlorine attached to the benzene ring, making it the correct answer.