Test Your Knowledge Of History With This Quiz! Part- II

Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India. He founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat. Babur's reign marked the beginning of the Mughal dynasty in India, which would go on to rule for several centuries. He is known for his military prowess, administrative reforms, and cultural contributions. Babur's descendants, including Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Bahadur Shah II, would continue to shape the Mughal Empire's history.

He is also known as Constantine the Great.

The primary factors that drove Spanish expansion into the Americas were a desire to spread Catholicism and a desire for wealth. The Spanish saw the indigenous populations as potential converts to Catholicism and sought to convert them. Additionally, they were motivated by the potential wealth and resources that could be found in the Americas, such as gold and silver. The dislike of Islamic rulers and intense hatred for the indigenous populations may have played a role in some instances, but they were not the primary driving factors.

An encomienda was a system established by the Spanish colonizers in which indigenous people were forced to work for Spanish settlers in exchange for protection and religious instruction. The Spanish settlers were granted the right to the labor of the indigenous people, essentially making them their labor force. This system was a form of exploitation and control over the indigenous population, allowing the Spanish to benefit economically and culturally from their labor and resources.

The indigenous populations resisted Spanish colonialism by various means. They refused to work hard for their Spanish overlords/employers, which was a form of passive resistance. They took advantage of labor shortages to improve their own conditions. They also engaged in producing and trading goods within their own communities or on the "black market," which allowed them to maintain some economic autonomy. Additionally, they found ways to preserve their cultural beliefs, which served as a form of resistance against the imposition of Spanish culture and values.

The theory of mercantilism believed that there was limited wealth in the world. This means that countries could not simply rely on the existence of unlimited wealth and must actively seek it out. Additionally, the theory advocated for governments to play a leading role in acquiring wealth for their countries. This suggests that governments should not adopt a "hands-off" approach to economics, but rather take an active stance in promoting economic growth and acquiring wealth for the nation.

Spanish colonialism caused wealth and natural resources to flow from the Americas into Europe. This was due to the Spanish conquering and exploiting the resources of the colonies, such as gold, silver, and agricultural products. The wealth obtained from the colonies helped to fuel the expansion of manufacturing industries in northern Europe. However, this colonialism also contributed to harsh labor conditions, a lack of industrial development, and a high degree of wealth inequality in Spain's colonies in the Americas. The Spanish focused on extracting resources rather than developing local industries, leading to economic disparities and exploitation in the colonies.