Network Protocols And Standards - Srickperry

Project Description
802.1 Internetworking
802.2 Logical link control
802.3 Ethernet
802.4 Token bus
802.5 Token Ring
802.6 Metropolitan area network (MAN)
802.7 Broadband technology
802.8 Fiber-optic technology
802.9 Voice and data integration
802.10 Network security
802.11 Wireless networking
802.12 Demand priority networking

IPX/SPX is a protocol suite developed by Novell that was widely used on older NetWare networks. However, newer versions of NetWare have shifted to using TCP/IP as the preferred protocol. Microsoft refers to IPX/SPX as NWLink (NetWare Link).

Datagram mode is a communication mode that is used for connectionless communication, meaning that a session is not required. It is also used for any broadcast by NetBIOS. In this mode, error detection and correction services are not supported, so the responsibility of ensuring data integrity falls on the application using NetBIOS. Therefore, the correct answer is Datagram mode.

Connectionless communication is a form of communication where the sending system does not identify itself and simply transmits the data without any acknowledgment from the destination computer. This type of communication can be unreliable as there is no guarantee of delivery. However, it can be faster than connection-oriented communication because there is no overhead of managing the session and no need for a second step to ensure proper receipt of information. Therefore, the correct answer is "Connectionless."

NetBEUI is a transport protocol that was initially developed by IBM but later adopted by Microsoft for use in earlier versions of Windows and DOS. It is commonly found in smaller networks because it is a nonroutable protocol, meaning it cannot be used to communicate across different networks. NetBEUI is known for its simplicity and efficiency, making it suitable for smaller networks where routing capabilities are not required.

The standard for Ethernet networks today is 802.3, also known as IEEE 802.3. This standard defines the physical and data link layer specifications for Ethernet networks, including the wiring, signaling, and frame formats used in network communication. It ensures compatibility and interoperability between different Ethernet devices and allows for the transmission of data over local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transport protocol that ensures reliable delivery of data over a network. It achieves this by using various mechanisms such as acknowledgement, retransmission, and flow control. TCP guarantees that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors, making it suitable for applications that require accurate and error-free transmission, such as web browsing, email, and file transfer.

NetBEUI has a close friend, NetBIOS, with which it works closely when communicating with systems on the network. NetBIOS is an application programming interface (API) that is used to make network calls to remote systems. When NetBEUI is installed, it includes the NetBIOS protocol and relies on it for session management functionality. NetBIOS is nonroutable but may be installed with other routable protocols such as IPX/SPX or TCP/IP to allow its traffic to travel across networks.

IPX/SPX is a routable protocol developed by Novell and used in older versions of Netware. It stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange. IPX/SPX was primarily used for communication between computers in a local area network (LAN). It provided reliable and efficient data transmission by breaking data into smaller packets and ensuring their sequential delivery. However, with the emergence of TCP/IP as the dominant networking protocol, IPX/SPX has become less common and has been largely replaced by TCP/IP in modern networks.

Ethernet is a networking technology that is defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. This standard specifies the physical and data link layer protocols for Ethernet networks. It outlines the specifications for the physical media, such as the cables and connectors used, as well as the protocols for data transmission and collision detection. Therefore, both "IEEE 802.3" and "802.3" are correct answers as they refer to the same standard that defines Ethernet.

The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand and describe how different network protocols interact and communicate with each other. It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The term "Data Transmission" is not a recognized layer in the OSI model. The correct answer is "Data Transmission" because it is not a layer in the OSI model.

AppleTalk is a routable protocol primarily used in Macintosh environments to connect multiple systems together in a network. It was implemented in two phases, phase 1 and phase 2, with the second phase being more widely used today.

Session mode is the correct answer because it refers to the communication mode used for connection-oriented communication. In this mode, NetBIOS is responsible for establishing a session with the target system, monitoring the session for errors, and recovering from those errors by retransmitting any missing or corrupt data.

TCP/IP is the most common protocol used today because it is a routable protocol and the protocol on which the Internet is built. TCP/IP allows for the transmission of data packets across networks, ensuring reliable and efficient communication. It is widely adopted and supported by various devices and operating systems, making it the standard for internet communication.

NetBIOS is a protocol that provides services for communication between computers on a local area network. It supports two communication modes, Session mode and Datagram mode. In Session mode, a connection is established between the communicating devices, allowing for reliable and ordered data transmission. Datagram mode, on the other hand, does not require a connection and allows for faster but less reliable transmission of data. NetBIOS is commonly used for file sharing, printer sharing, and other network services.

not-available-via-ai

A session is just like a telephone call. You set up a telephone call by dialing (handshaking), speak to the other person (exchange data), say “Goodbye,” and hang up when finished.

This type of communication, known as unreliable, refers to the transmission of data without any acknowledgment of receipt. In this type of communication, there is no guarantee that the data will reach its intended destination or that it will be received correctly. It is called unreliable because there is a possibility of data loss or errors during transmission.

The IPX and IP protocols run in the Network layer of the OSI model. The Network layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets between different networks. IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a network layer protocol used by Novell NetWare operating systems, while IP (Internet Protocol) is a network layer protocol used for addressing and routing packets across the internet. Both protocols operate at the Network layer to ensure proper delivery of data packets between different networks.

AppleTalk is a routable protocol commonly used in Macintosh environments. It was developed by Apple Inc. and provides services such as file sharing, printing, and network browsing. AppleTalk uses a hierarchical addressing scheme and supports both local area and wide area networks. It is compatible with various network topologies and can be used over Ethernet, Token Ring, and other network technologies. Therefore, AppleTalk is the correct answer for a routable protocol used in Macintosh environments.

The correct answer, 00-02-3F-6B-25-13, represents a layer-2 address. Layer-2 addresses, also known as MAC addresses, are unique identifiers assigned to network interface cards (NICs) at the data link layer of the OSI model. These addresses are used to identify devices within a local network, allowing for communication between devices on the same network segment. In this case, 00-02-3F-6B-25-13 is a MAC address that can be used to identify a specific device on a network.

Connectionless communication refers to a mode of communication where a session is not established before transmitting data. In this type of communication, each packet is treated independently and does not require a dedicated connection or acknowledgment from the receiver. This approach allows for faster transmission and reduced overhead, making it suitable for applications where reliability is not a primary concern, such as streaming media or real-time communication.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a transport protocol that provides unreliable delivery of data. Unlike TCP, UDP does not guarantee that the data will be delivered successfully or in the correct order. It is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a dedicated connection before sending data. UDP is commonly used for applications that prioritize speed and efficiency over reliability, such as streaming media, online gaming, and DNS. Since it does not have the overhead of error checking and retransmission, UDP can deliver data with lower latency, but it also means that data may be lost or arrive out of order.

The Physical layer of the OSI model handles the Twisted-pair, thinnet coax, AUI, and network interface card components. This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the network, including the electrical, mechanical, and functional aspects of the network interface. It defines the physical characteristics of the transmission medium, such as cables, connectors, and signaling. The Physical layer ensures that the bits sent from one device are received correctly by the other device.

NetBEUI is the correct answer because it is the only protocol among the options that is nonroutable. This means that it cannot be used to communicate across different networks or subnets. NetBEUI is primarily designed for small local area networks (LANs) and does not have the capability to route data between different networks. In contrast, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP are all routable protocols that can be used for communication between different networks.

Protocol is the correct answer because protocols are the set of rules and guidelines that govern the communication between devices on a network. They define how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and interpreted. Different protocols are used for different purposes, such as TCP/IP for internet communication, HTTP for web browsing, and SMTP for email. Therefore, protocols are the languages used for network communication.

TCP/IP is the correct answer because it is the protocol used on the Internet to give each computer a unique address. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and it is a set of rules that governs how data is transmitted and received over the Internet. It allows for the identification and addressing of devices on a network, ensuring that each computer has a unique IP address. IPX/SPX, NetBEUI, and DLC are not used for this purpose on the Internet.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a large and respected professional organization that is also active in defining standards. The 802 committee of the IEEE defines one set of standards dear to the hearts of most network professionals. Twelve subcommittees of the 802 committee define low-level LAN and WAN access protocols. Most of the protocols defined by the 802 committee reside in the physical and data link layers of the OSI model.

The correct answer is 192.168.3.200. This is a layer-3 address because it is an IP address, which is used at the network layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Layer-3 addresses are used to identify devices on a network and enable communication between them. In this case, 192.168.3.200 is a valid IPv4 address.

TCP/IP is a widely used network protocol suite that allows communication between different devices and networks. It is considered unsecure because it does not provide built-in encryption or authentication mechanisms. However, it can be configured to enhance security by implementing additional protocols or using encryption technologies. TCP/IP is also known for its ability to connect dissimilar environments, enabling communication between different operating systems and network architectures.

The JPEG, GIF, and MPEG protocols run in the Presentation layer of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for the formatting, encryption, and compression of data. These protocols deal with the presentation and representation of multimedia data, such as images and videos, which aligns with the functionalities of the Presentation layer.

NetBEUI is a non-routable protocol, meaning it cannot be used to communicate between different networks or across the internet. It is designed for small, local networks and does not have the necessary features to route data between multiple networks.

The correct answer is 1 because it accurately describes the phase of the AppleTalk protocol that was designed for small workgroup environments. This phase supports a smaller number of nodes on the network and allows only one network number to be assigned to each network segment. Additionally, it only allows for one zone in a nonextended network, which is a logical grouping of nodes that the network administrator assigns.

A, B, and C are incorrect. 802.11a is at 54 Mbps but is not at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, 802.11b is at 11 Mbps but compatible with 802.11g, because it runs at the same frequency, and both are Wi-Fi compatible. 802.11c is not a wireless standard.

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. These layers work together to facilitate communication between different devices and networks. The OSI model provides a systematic approach to network design and troubleshooting by dividing the communication process into manageable and independent layers. The term "Interconnect" refers to the connection and interaction between these layers to ensure seamless communication.

SMTP = Simple Mail Transport Protocol

For example, I have an 802.11b wireless access point, but I am connected to it with my 802.11g wireless network card. I am getting only the 11 Mbps transfer rate because it is
the lowest common denominator between the two standards.

SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) is a protocol that provides reliable delivery of packets. It is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning that it establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before transmitting data. SPX ensures reliable delivery by retransmitting any packets that are not received at the destination. Therefore, SPX fits the description given in the question, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is IPX/SPX. IPX/SPX is a protocol that was commonly used with older versions of Novell NetWare. It provided network connectivity and communication between devices in a Novell NetWare network. While it has been largely replaced by TCP/IP in modern networks, it was widely used in the past for its compatibility with Novell NetWare systems.

IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is the correct answer. IPX is a network layer protocol that is responsible for routing packets in a network. It is a connectionless and unreliable transport protocol, meaning it does not establish a connection before transmitting data and does not guarantee the delivery of packets. IPX was commonly used in Novell NetWare networks. SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) is a transport layer protocol that works in conjunction with IPX to provide reliable delivery of packets. However, the given statement does not mention SPX, making IPX the appropriate answer.

NetBEUI is a nonroutable protocol because it does not support routing across different networks. It is primarily used for small local area networks (LANs) and cannot be used to communicate between different LANs or over the internet. TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk are all routable protocols that can be used for communication across different networks.

The correct answer is to ensure that all servers and clients are configured for the same frame type. This is because in a NetWare 4.x network, communication between clients and servers is done using the IPX/SPX protocol, which relies on a specific frame type for communication. If the frame type is not consistent across all servers and clients, some of them may not be able to communicate with each other. Therefore, it is important to check and ensure that all servers and clients are configured with the same frame type to resolve the communication issue.

An application-layer protocol is a protocol that is responsible for initiating some form of request. SMTP is used to send e-mail from server to server.

The correct answer is 802.5. The 802.5 project standard defines Token Ring.

The FTP, SMTP, and Telnet protocols are all application layer protocols. The application layer is responsible for providing network services to user applications. These protocols allow users to access and transfer files (FTP), send and receive emails (SMTP), and remotely log into and control a computer (Telnet). Therefore, these protocols run in the application layer of the OSI model.

TCP, UDP, SPX, and IPX protocols run in the Transport layer of the OSI model. The Transport layer is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of data between hosts and provides reliable or unreliable delivery of data packets. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable protocol that ensures the delivery and sequencing of data packets, while UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an unreliable protocol that does not guarantee the delivery of data packets. SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) and IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) are protocols used in Novell NetWare networks. All of these protocols operate at the Transport layer for communication between applications on different hosts.

The correct answer is 802.3. The IEEE Project standard for Ethernet (CSMA/CD) is 802.3, which specifies the physical and data link layer protocols for wired Ethernet networks. This standard defines the basic functions and characteristics of Ethernet networks, including the media access control (MAC) method, frame format, and data transmission rates. It is the foundation for Ethernet technology and is widely used in local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

Novell developed the IPX/SPX network protocol for use in its networking environment. IPX/SPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange, and it was the primary protocol used by Novell NetWare, a popular network operating system in the 1980s and 1990s. IPX/SPX provided reliable and connection-oriented communication between network devices, making it suitable for Novell's networking environment. TCP/IP and NetBEUI are also network protocols, but they were not specifically developed by Novell. DLC (Data Link Control) is a protocol used in IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and is not related to Novell's networking environment.

Although the acronym is out of order the answer is correct!

IPX and IP are layer-3 protocols. IPX is a network layer protocol used by the Novell NetWare operating system. IP (Internet Protocol) is also a network layer protocol and is the primary protocol used for communication on the internet. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a layer-4 protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data, while SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) is a layer-4 protocol used by Novell NetWare for reliable communication.