Skeletal Muscle And Nervous System Quiz

Another term for a motor neurone is efferent. Motor neurones are responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, causing them to contract or secrete. Efferent is the correct term used to describe the direction of the signal transmission, which is away from the central nervous system. Afferent, on the other hand, refers to the transmission of signals towards the central nervous system.

The correct answer is Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The nervous system is divided into two major divisions: the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which includes all the nerves outside of the central nervous system.

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is responsible for processing information, controlling body functions, and coordinating movement. The spinal cord is a long bundle of nerves that extends from the base of the brain down the back. It serves as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system, which plays a crucial role in regulating and coordinating bodily functions.

Cerebro-spinal fluid is the correct answer because it is the fluid that carries nutrients to nerve tissues, drains waste away, and protects the CNS by acting as a shock absorber.

A sensory neuron is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The term "afferent" refers to the direction of this transmission, which is towards the central nervous system. Therefore, a sensory neuron is commonly known as an afferent neuron.

The brain stem is indeed composed of three parts: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. These three structures are located at the base of the brain and are responsible for regulating many essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and consciousness. Each part of the brain stem has its own specific functions and connections to other parts of the brain, making it a crucial component of the central nervous system.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for expending energy and dealing with emergency situations. It activates the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and releasing stress hormones such as adrenaline. This response helps the body to respond quickly and effectively to perceived threats or stressful situations. In contrast, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy and promoting relaxation.

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls many homeostatic functions by governing the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone production. The hypothalamus receives signals from various parts of the body and sends out appropriate responses through the pituitary gland, which acts as the master gland of the endocrine system. This coordination helps maintain a stable internal environment in the body, ensuring that essential bodily functions are properly regulated.

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's rest and digest response. It slows down the heart rate, allowing the body to relax and recover. It also increases gastrointestinal activity, promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients. Pupil constriction is another effect of the parasympathetic system, which helps in focusing on nearby objects. Therefore, all of the given options are correct effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Dendrites are the part of a neuron that receives and transmits nerve impulses towards the cell body. They are branch-like structures that extend from the cell body and are covered in synapses, allowing them to receive signals from other neurons. The dendrites then transmit these signals towards the cell body, where they are integrated and processed before being passed on to the axon for further transmission.

The synapse is the junction where nerve impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another. It is the point of communication between neurons, where the electrical signal in the presynaptic neuron is converted into a chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters then cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the transmission of the nerve impulse to continue.

Bells' palsy is a disorder of the 7th cranial nerve, also known as the facial nerve, which causes paralysis on one side of the face. This condition is characterized by sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, leading to drooping of the eyelid, drooping of the mouth, and difficulty in facial expressions. It is believed to be caused by inflammation or viral infection of the facial nerve, leading to the paralysis.

We have 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system and they emerge from the spinal cord. They are responsible for transmitting sensory and motor information between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. Each spinal nerve has a dorsal root and a ventral root, which merge to form a single nerve that exits the spinal column through the intervertebral foramen. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, with each pair corresponding to a specific region of the spinal cord.

A sensory nerve is responsible for sending messages to the brain and spinal cord. Sensory nerves are a type of nerve that carries sensory information from different parts of the body to the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. These messages can include information about touch, temperature, pain, and other sensory stimuli. Therefore, the correct answer is "To the brain and spinal cord."

The cerebellum is the region of the brain that is responsible for coordinating skeletal muscle movements. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and integrates this information to fine-tune motor control. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, posture, and coordinating smooth, precise movements. It does not initiate movements but rather helps to refine and coordinate them.

The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is a part of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and digestion. It contains the control centers for these essential processes, making it crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst, but it does not directly control the vital functions mentioned. The midbrain is responsible for relaying sensory information and coordinating motor movements, while the cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and balance.

The cerebrum is the correct answer because it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for all forms of conscious activity. It controls voluntary movements, sensory perception, memory, language, and emotions. It is divided into two hemispheres, each with four lobes that specialize in different functions. The cerebrum plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions such as problem-solving, decision-making, and creativity.

The correct answer is meninges. The meninges are a connective tissue membrane that covers and protects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The meninges provide support and cushioning to the central nervous system, helping to protect it from injury or trauma. They also help to regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which surrounds and nourishes the brain and spinal cord.

A reflex action does not require the brain because it is an involuntary response that occurs automatically in response to a stimulus. The reflex arc allows the sensory information to be processed at the spinal cord level, bypassing the brain. This allows for a quicker response time as the signal does not need to travel all the way to the brain for processing. The brain may become aware of the reflex action after it has occurred, but it is not directly involved in the execution of the reflex.

The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory messages from various parts of the body, except for the sense of smell. It acts as a relay station, receiving information from sensory organs and transmitting it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing. This allows us to perceive and respond to different sensory stimuli such as touch, taste, hearing, and vision. The hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland have different functions and are not directly involved in relaying sensory messages.