Neoplasia

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| By MaddieShirley

MaddieShirley

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 6 | Total Attempts: 10,257

Questions: 13 | Attempts: 4,123 | Updated: Oct 11, 2023

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Based on Chapter 7 of Robbins and Cotan Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition.

Questions and Answers

1.

A benign tumour arising from fibroblastic cells
- A.
  
  Chondroma
- B.
  
  Osteoma
- C.
  
  Fibroma
- D.
  
  Adenoma
- E.
  
  Papilloma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
C. Fibroma

Explanation
A fibroma is a benign tumor that originates from fibroblastic cells. Fibroblastic cells are responsible for producing the connective tissue in the body. Therefore, a fibroma is a tumor that arises from these cells and is typically non-cancerous.

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2.

A benign epithelial neoplasm that forms glandular patterns, or, is derived from glandular tissue but does not necessarily produce glandular patterns.
- A.
  
  Chondroma
- B.
  
  Osteoma
- C.
  
  Fibroma
- D.
  
  Adenoma
- E.
  
  Papilloma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
D. Adenoma

Explanation
Adenoma is a benign epithelial neoplasm that can form glandular patterns or be derived from glandular tissue, but it does not necessarily produce glandular patterns. This means that while an adenoma may have glandular characteristics, it can also have other patterns or structures. The other options listed, such as chondroma, osteoma, fibroma, papilloma, and hamartoma, do not fit the description of a neoplasm derived from glandular tissue.

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3.

Malignant tumour arising in mesnchymal tissue
- A.
  
  Sarcoma
- B.
  
  Osteoma
- C.
  
  Carcinoma
- D.
  
  Adenoma
- E.
  
  Papilloma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
A. Sarcoma

Explanation
Eg. fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma.

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4.

Malignant tumour of epithelial origin from any of the 3 germ layers.
- A.
  
  Sarcoma
- B.
  
  Osteoma
- C.
  
  Carcinoma
- D.
  
  Adenoma
- E.
  
  Papilloma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
C. Carcinoma

Explanation
It is also common tho identify the cell pattern and organ of origin eg, renal cell adenocarcinoma, bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

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5.

Benign tumour made up of parynchymal cells representative of more than one germ layer (usually all 3).
- A.
  
  Sarcoma
- B.
  
  Osteoma
- C.
  
  Carcinoma
- D.
  
  Teratoma
- E.
  
  Papilloma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
D. Teratoma

Explanation
Ovarian cystic teratoma is also called a dermoid cyst. They arise from totipotent cells.

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6.

Which of the following is a benign neoplasm?
- A.
  
  Wilm's tumour
- B.
  
  Melanoma
- C.
  
  Hepatoma
- D.
  
  Seminoma
- E.
  
  Mesothelioma
- F.
  
  Hamartoma
Correct Answer
F. Hamartoma

Explanation
All the others are malignant, despite ending with -oma instead of carcinoma or sarcoma. They are now entrenched in our medical vocabulary.

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2
7.

Seminomas are extremely radiosensitive and can usually be eradicated by radiotherapy.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
Seminomas are a type of testicular cancer that are known to be highly sensitive to radiation therapy. This means that radiotherapy is an effective treatment option for seminomas and can often completely eliminate the cancer cells. Therefore, the statement that seminomas can usually be eradicated by radiotherapy is true.

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8.

Embryonal carcinomas of the testis are extremely radiosensitive and can usually be eradicated by radiotherapy.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Embryonal carcinomas of the testis are not radiosensitive.

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9.

The proportion of cells within the tumour population that are in the proliferative pool is called the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Correct Answer
growth fraction

Explanation
Usually, by the time a tumour is clinically detectable, most cells have left the replicating pool. The higher the growth fraction, the more cell production will exceed cell loss and the faster the tumour will grow.

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10.

Tumours with low growth fractions are generally more susceptible to chemotherapy.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Tumours with HIGH growth fractions are generally more susceptible to chemotherapy because most anti-cancer agents act on cells in the cell cycle. After debulking surgery, remaining cells may enter the cell cycle producing a higher growth fraction and making subsequent chemotherpy more effective.

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11.

To retain their self-renewing capacity, leukaemic Tumour initiating cells require the expression of which gene?
- A.
  
  P161NK4a
- B.
  
  P14ARF
- C.
  
  BMI1
- D.
  
  SHOX
- E.
  
  FMRI
- F.
  
  COL5A1
Correct Answer
C. BMI1

Explanation
Leukaemic Tumour initiating cells require the expression of the BMI1 gene in order to retain their self-renewing capacity. This gene plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Without the expression of BMI1, these cells would lose their ability to continuously divide and regenerate, which is essential for the progression and maintenance of leukemia.

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12.

Which of the following malignant neoplasms do not metastasise? (2)
- A.
  
  Melanomas
- B.
  
  Osteosarcomas
- C.
  
  Squamous cell carcinomas of the skin
- D.
  
  Basal cell Carcinomas of the skin
- E.
  
  Most malignant neoplasms of glial cells
- F.
  
  Renal cell carcinomas
Correct Answer(s)
D. Basal cell Carcinomas of the skin
E. Most malignant neoplasms of glial cells

Explanation
Both are locally invasive though.

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13.

What % of people with solid organ tumours have metastases present at diagnosis?
- A.
  
  5%
- B.
  
  10%
- C.
  
  20%
- D.
  
  30%
- E.
  
  40%
- F.
  
  50%
Correct Answer
D. 30%

Explanation
30% of people with solid organ tumors have metastases present at the time of diagnosis. This means that nearly one-third of individuals with solid organ tumors already have the cancer spread to other parts of their body when it is first detected. This high percentage highlights the aggressive nature of these tumors and the importance of early detection and treatment to improve outcomes.

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Neoplasia

A benign tumour arising from fibroblastic cells

A benign epithelial neoplasm that forms glandular patterns, or, is derived from glandular tissue but does not necessarily produce glandular patterns.

Malignant tumour arising in mesnchymal tissue

Malignant tumour of epithelial origin from any of the 3 germ layers.

Benign tumour made up of parynchymal cells representative of more than one germ layer (usually all 3).

Which of the following is a benign neoplasm?

Seminomas are extremely radiosensitive and can usually be eradicated by radiotherapy.

Embryonal carcinomas of the testis are extremely radiosensitive and can usually be eradicated by radiotherapy.

The proportion of cells within the tumour population that are in the proliferative pool is called the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Tumours with low growth fractions are generally more susceptible to chemotherapy.

To retain their self-renewing capacity, leukaemic Tumour initiating cells require the expression of which gene?

Which of the following malignant neoplasms do not metastasise? (2)

What % of people with solid organ tumours have metastases present at diagnosis?