Topography And The Gastrointestinal Tract

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1/80 Questions

Topography is very important especially when discussing reproduction and conducting soundness exam. List the order of body systems from CRANIAL to CAUDAL.
- Reproductive, GI, Urinary
- Urinary, GI, Reproductive
- GI, Reproductive, Urinary
- Reproductive, Urinary, GI

About This Quiz

Explore the significance of topography in understanding the gastrointestinal tract through a focused quiz. Assess key anatomical concepts, including the peritoneum, meso-connections, and the role of ligaments, enhancing both academic and practical knowledge in anatomy.

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2.

Define Peritoneum
- Serous lining of the abdomen and part of the pelvic cavities
- Lining of the thoracic cavity
- The webbed like structure that covers the intestinal organs
- None of the above
Correct Answer

A. Serous lining of the abdomen and part of the pelvic cavities

Explanation

The peritoneum is a serous lining that covers the abdominal cavity and extends into the pelvic cavity. It is a thin, transparent membrane that helps to protect and support the abdominal organs. The peritoneum also produces a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move smoothly against each other. Therefore, the correct answer is "Serous lining of the abdomen and part of the pelvic cavities."

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3.

The large double folded peritoneum attached to greater curvature of stomach and hangs like a apron over intestines
- Lesser omentum
- Falciform ligament
- Greater Omentum
- Omentum bursa
Correct Answer

A. Greater Omentum

Explanation

The greater omentum is a large double folded peritoneum that is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach. It hangs like an apron over the intestines, providing protection and insulation for the abdominal organs. It also contains fat deposits and lymph nodes, and is involved in immune responses and the healing process of abdominal injuries.

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4.

The prostate gland is uncommon in ALL species?
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement is false because the prostate gland is not uncommon in all species. The prostate gland is found in male mammals, including humans, dogs, cats, and many other species. It plays a role in reproductive function by producing and secreting fluids that nourish and protect sperm. Therefore, the statement that the prostate gland is uncommon in all species is incorrect.

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5.

If you are on the _______________ side of the horse you will see the base of the cecum
- Left
- Right
Correct Answer

A. Right

Explanation

If you are on the right side of the horse, you will be able to see the base of the cecum. The cecum is a pouch-like structure located at the beginning of the large intestine, and it is easier to visualize from the right side of the horse.

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6.

Dogs tend to put more fat in the ________ region of the abdomen opposed to cats who place theirs in the ________ region

Correct Answer
falciform
Inguinal

Explanation
Dogs tend to put more fat in the falciform region of the abdomen, which is the area near the liver, while cats tend to place theirs in the inguinal region, which is the area near the groin.

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7.

Name the structure located with the letter "L"
- Stomach
- Right Kidney
- Spleen
- LIver
Correct Answer

A. LIver

Explanation

The structure located with the letter "L" is the liver.

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8.

What is the organ structure that has been injected with contrast media in the caudal end of the abdomen?
- Kidney
- Bladder
- Large intestine
- Uterus
Correct Answer

A. Bladder

Explanation

The correct answer is bladder because the question asks about the organ structure that has been injected with contrast media in the caudal end of the abdomen. Contrast media is often used in medical imaging to enhance the visibility of certain structures, and in this case, it would be used to visualize the bladder. The kidney, large intestine, and uterus are not typically injected with contrast media in this specific location.

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9.

The first site of processing blood leaving the GI tract is known as
- Stomach
- Liver
- Colon
- Pancreas
Correct Answer

A. Liver

Explanation

The liver is the first site of processing blood leaving the GI tract. It receives blood from the intestines through the hepatic portal vein, allowing it to filter and process nutrients, toxins, and other substances before they enter the systemic circulation. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification, and nutrient storage, making it an essential organ for maintaining overall body homeostasis.

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10.

The liver is known to produce all the non essential amino acids. As we know, long chains of amino acids will come together to make proteins. What particular protein is ESSENTIAL to have in the body that is most abundant in plasma.
- Albumin
- Keratin
- Collagen
- Whey
Correct Answer

A. Albumin

Explanation

The correct answer is Albumin. Albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma and is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure, transporting hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and regulating pH in the body. It is produced in the liver and plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and homeostasis. Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, nails, and skin. Collagen is a protein found in connective tissues. Whey is a protein found in milk.

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11.

One function of the liver is to remove toxins and or bacteria coming from GI blood
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The liver plays a crucial role in detoxification by removing toxins and bacteria from the blood that comes from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It does this by filtering the blood and breaking down harmful substances, allowing for their elimination from the body. This function is essential for maintaining overall health and preventing the accumulation of harmful substances in the bloodstream. Therefore, the statement "One function of the liver is to remove toxins and bacteria coming from GI blood" is true.

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12.

The pancreas is known to have both exocrine and endocrine functions
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The pancreas is a dual-function gland that serves both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine function involves the production and secretion of digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. The endocrine function involves the production and secretion of hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is correct to say that the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions.

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13.

What is the illness animals are able to get when the pancreas becomes inflamed?
- Pancreatitis
- Nephritis
- Gastritis
- Edema
Correct Answer

A. Pancreatitis

Explanation

Pancreatitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the pancreas in animals. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as infection, trauma, or certain medications. Pancreatitis can cause symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite in animals. It is important to diagnose and treat pancreatitis promptly as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Nephritis, gastritis, and edema are not related to inflammation of the pancreas, so they are incorrect answers.

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14.

During a meal bile is directed into the small intestine
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats. During a meal, when food enters the small intestine, a hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK) is released. CCK signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine. This helps in the emulsification and breakdown of fats, making them easier to digest and absorb. Therefore, it is true that during a meal, bile is directed into the small intestine.

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15.

Image pertains to the GI tract of a dog. Number 3 is describing what part of the digestive tract?
- Right colic flexure
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Pancreas
Correct Answer

A. Cecum

Explanation

The correct answer is the cecum. The cecum is a pouch-like structure that is located at the beginning of the large intestine. It is responsible for the fermentation of food and the absorption of water and electrolytes. In dogs, the cecum plays an important role in the digestion of plant material and the breakdown of cellulose. It is also a site for the production of certain vitamins.

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16.

Digestion and Absorption can be use interchangeably
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Digestion and absorption cannot be used interchangeably because they are two distinct processes in the digestive system. Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body, while absorption is the process by which these smaller molecules are taken up by the cells of the digestive tract and transferred into the bloodstream. Although digestion and absorption are closely related and occur simultaneously, they are separate processes with different functions.

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17.

The abomasum is known as the true stomach
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The abomasum is known as the true stomach because it is the fourth and final compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows and sheep. It is responsible for the majority of the chemical digestion of food, including the breakdown of proteins and the secretion of gastric juices. The abomasum is analogous to the stomach in monogastric animals, like humans, where most of the digestion takes place. Therefore, it is correct to say that the abomasum is the true stomach in ruminants.

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18.

Bile from the liver is known to flow from the bile ductule to the central vein
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Bile from the liver does not flow from the bile ductule to the central vein. Instead, bile flows in the opposite direction, from the bile canaliculi to the bile ductules, then to the larger bile ducts, and finally to the gallbladder or directly to the small intestine. The central vein is not involved in the flow of bile.

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19.

Icterus and Jaundice can be used interchangeably
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Icterus and jaundice are two terms that are often used interchangeably in medical literature. They both refer to the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood. While icterus is the medical term for this condition, jaundice is a more commonly used term in everyday language. Therefore, it is correct to say that icterus and jaundice can be used interchangeably.

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20.

An alternate name for insulin and glucagon is "feasting and fasting"
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that play crucial roles in regulating blood sugar levels in the body. Insulin is released when blood sugar levels are high, such as after a meal, and it helps to lower blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. Glucagon, on the other hand, is released when blood sugar levels are low, such as during fasting or exercise, and it helps to raise blood sugar by stimulating the release of stored glucose from the liver. Therefore, referring to insulin as "feasting" and glucagon as "fasting" is an accurate way to describe their respective functions.

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21.

The enzymatic part and buffering part of secretions made by pancreas is known as
- Pancreatic juice
- Pancreatic mesentery
- Nephriticsarcoma
- Plural effusion
Correct Answer

A. Pancreatic juice

Explanation

The correct answer is pancreatic juice. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which is a combination of enzymes and buffers. The enzymes in pancreatic juice help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine. The buffering part of the secretion helps to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the small intestine from the stomach, creating a favorable environment for enzyme activity.

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22.

The bladder has 3 attachments to the pelvic and body wall?
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The bladder is a hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity, and it is attached to the pelvic and body wall by three ligaments: the pubovesical ligament, the transverse vesical ligament, and the lateral vesical ligaments. These attachments help to stabilize the bladder and maintain its position within the pelvis. Therefore, the statement that the bladder has three attachments to the pelvic and body wall is true.

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23.

Which species is acquired with kidney's of this conformation?
- Canine
- Feline
- Ovine
- Bovine
Correct Answer

A. Bovine

Explanation

The correct answer is Bovine. Bovine refers to cattle or cows. The question is asking which species has kidneys with a specific conformation. Since the question does not provide any additional information about the kidney's conformation, we can assume that bovine kidneys have this specific conformation. Therefore, the correct answer is Bovine.

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24.

These kidney's belong to what domesticated species?
- Ovine
- Equine
- Porcine
- Bovine
Correct Answer

A. Equine

Explanation

The correct answer is Equine because the term "equine" refers to horses. Horses are domesticated animals that have kidneys similar to other mammals, including humans. The other options, ovine, porcine, and bovine, refer to sheep, pigs, and cows respectively, which have different kidney structures and functions compared to horses.

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25.

The picture is from a horses abdomen. Which part of the digestive tract is included?
- Alimentary canal
- GI tract
- Cecum and Ascending colon
- Transverse and descending colon
Correct Answer

A. Cecum and Ascending colon

Explanation

The picture shows a section of the horse's abdomen, specifically the cecum and ascending colon. The cecum is a pouch-like structure that connects the small intestine to the large intestine and is involved in the fermentation of food. The ascending colon is the first part of the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed from the remaining undigested material. Therefore, the correct answer is "Cecum and Ascending colon."

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26.

Name the structure that lies ventral caudal to the liver and cranial to the small intestines
- Colon
- Cecum
- Lungs
- Stomach
Correct Answer

A. Stomach

Explanation

The stomach is the correct answer because it is the structure that lies ventral (towards the front) caudal (towards the tail) to the liver and cranial (towards the head) to the small intestines. The colon is part of the large intestine and is located in a different region of the abdominal cavity. The cecum is a pouch-like structure that is connected to the junction of the small and large intestines. The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, not the abdominal cavity. Therefore, the stomach is the only structure that fits the given description.

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27.

Substances produced by normal exocrine pancreatic function accomplish all of the following except
- Enzymatic digestion of fat
- Enzymatic digestion of starch
- Reabsorption of bile in small intestine
Correct Answer

A. Reabsorption of bile in small intestine

Explanation

The substances produced by normal exocrine pancreatic function include digestive enzymes that aid in the breakdown of fats and starches. These enzymes play a crucial role in the enzymatic digestion of fat and starch in the small intestine. However, the pancreas is not involved in the reabsorption of bile in the small intestine. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and its main function is to emulsify fats and aid in their digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is reabsorption of bile in the small intestine.

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28.

Most blood arriving to the liver is
- Deoxygenated
- Oxygenated
Correct Answer

A. Deoxygenated

Explanation

The liver receives blood through two main sources: the hepatic artery, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart, and the portal vein, which carries nutrient-rich but deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs. However, the majority of the blood that arrives in the liver comes from the portal vein, making it predominantly deoxygenated. This blood contains nutrients, toxins, and waste products that need to be processed by the liver before being returned to the general circulation.

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29.

The ________ supplies the smallest volume of blood to the liver

Correct Answer
hepatic artery

Explanation
The hepatic artery is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the liver. While the hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, the hepatic artery supplies a smaller volume of blood to the liver. This artery is essential for providing oxygen to the liver cells and supporting their metabolic functions.

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30.

The hepatic acinus have significant functionality but are not easy to see under microscope. They mainly focus on blood supply and metabolism
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The hepatic acinus is a functional unit of the liver that plays a crucial role in blood supply and metabolism. Although it may not be easily visible under a microscope, it is responsible for the regulation of various metabolic processes, including the detoxification of harmful substances and the production of bile. Therefore, the statement that the hepatic acinus has significant functionality but is not easy to see under a microscope is true.

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31.

Where is insulin produced? (Be Specific)
- Pancreas
- The Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
- The caudal portion of the Circle of Willis
- The cranial portion of the Nephron
Correct Answer

A. The Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

Explanation

Insulin is produced in the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans. These islets are clusters of cells located in the pancreas that are responsible for producing and releasing insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and is necessary for the body's metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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32.

Between meals bile is diverted into the
- Spleen
- Gallbladder
- Small intestine
- Liver
Correct Answer

A. Gallbladder

Explanation

Bile is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. However, it is not needed constantly, especially between meals when there is no food to digest. Therefore, bile is diverted from the liver into the gallbladder, where it is stored and concentrated. When we eat, the gallbladder contracts and releases the stored bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. So, the correct answer is the gallbladder.

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33.

When discussing the ligament in the thoracic cavity, it is the SAME as the ligament in the abdominal cavity.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The given statement is false. Ligaments in the thoracic cavity are not the same as the ligaments in the abdominal cavity. The thoracic cavity contains ligaments that connect the ribs and sternum, such as the costosternal ligaments. On the other hand, the abdominal cavity contains ligaments that connect various organs, such as the liver, spleen, and intestines. These ligaments serve different functions and are located in different areas of the body. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the ligament in the thoracic cavity is the same as the ligament in the abdominal cavity.

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34.

The gastric groove and esophageal groove can be used interchangeably?
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The gastric groove and esophageal groove cannot be used interchangeably. The gastric groove is a groove present in the stomach of some animals, which helps in the digestion and absorption of food. On the other hand, the esophageal groove is a groove present in certain animals, such as ruminants, which allows milk to bypass the rumen and directly enter the abomasum. These two grooves serve different functions and are located in different parts of the digestive system, hence they cannot be used interchangeably.

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35.

In hyperglycemic patients ________ is used to reduce levels of insulin and nutrients whereas in hypoglycemic patients ________ is used to raise glucose levels and nutrients in the blood

Correct Answer
insulin
glucagon

Explanation
In hyperglycemic patients, insulin is used to reduce levels of insulin and nutrients. Insulin helps to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. On the other hand, in hypoglycemic patients, glucagon is used to raise glucose levels and nutrients in the blood. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, releasing glucose into the bloodstream and increasing blood sugar levels.

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36.

Number #18 is what GI structure?
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
Correct Answer

A. Transverse colon

Explanation

The transverse colon is the correct answer because it is the part of the large intestine that runs horizontally across the abdomen. It connects the ascending colon to the descending colon and is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the digested food.

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37.

The term ___________ and _______ can be used interchangeably and are related to a connection between 2 parts of visceral peritoneum?
- Sarcomere,Ligament
- Tendon,Ligament
- Fold,Ligament
- Ligament,Greater Omentum
Correct Answer

A. Fold,Ligament

Explanation

The term "fold" and "ligament" can be used interchangeably and are related to a connection between 2 parts of visceral peritoneum.

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38.

The large intestine is known to be called the "Infamous 7". This relates to how the large intestine is constructed as well as the way digestion occurs. What is the correct pathway digestion occurs in the large intestine?
- Ascending colon, Right colic flexure, Transverse colon, Left colic flexure, Desending colon, Rectum, Anus
- Right colic flexure, Transverse colon, Left Colic Flexure, Desending colon
- Rectum, Anus, Ascending colon, Desending colon, Transverse colon
- Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Desending colon
Correct Answer

A. Ascending colon, Right colic flexure, Transverse colon, Left colic flexure, Desending colon, Rectum, Anus

Explanation

The correct pathway of digestion in the large intestine is as follows: ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, rectum, and anus. This sequence describes the order in which food travels through the large intestine, allowing for the absorption of water and electrolytes, as well as the formation of feces before elimination.

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39.

This structure lies on the ventral midline and gives an attachment to abdominal tissues
- Cutaneous trunci
- Linea alba
- Cerebral aqaduct
- Gastrosplenic ligment
Correct Answer

A. Linea alba

Explanation

The correct answer is Linea alba. The linea alba is a fibrous structure that runs down the ventral midline of the abdomen. It serves as a point of attachment for abdominal muscles and connective tissues. The other options, such as Cutaneous trunci, Cerebral aqueduct, and Gastrosplenic ligament, do not have a direct association with abdominal tissues or the ventral midline.

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40.

Name the structure at #3
- Abomasum
- Omasum
- Reticulum
- Rumen
Correct Answer

A. Abomasum

Explanation

The structure at #3 is called the abomasum.

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41.

You can normally see the urethra on a radiograph
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The urethra is a small tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It is not typically visible on a radiograph because it is a soft tissue structure that does not contain enough contrast to be seen clearly on an X-ray image. Radiographs are primarily used to visualize bones and dense structures, so the urethra would not be visible unless there is an abnormality or a contrast agent is used. Therefore, the statement that you can normally see the urethra on a radiograph is false.

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42.

Normal endocrine pancreatic function is necessary for normal metabolism of which of the following nutrients?
- Fats
- Carbs
- Proteins
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

Normal endocrine pancreatic function is necessary for normal metabolism of fats, carbs, and proteins. The pancreas secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of these nutrients. Insulin helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates by facilitating their uptake into cells and promoting their storage as glycogen. It also regulates the metabolism of fats by promoting their storage and inhibiting their breakdown. Glucagon, on the other hand, stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and promotes the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, all of the mentioned nutrients require normal endocrine pancreatic function for proper metabolism.

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43.

Zone 1 of the hepatic acinus gets the least amount of oxygen and is prone to anemia
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Zone 1 of the hepatic acinus does not get the least amount of oxygen and is not prone to anemia. In fact, it is the zone closest to the oxygen-rich blood supply from the hepatic artery. Zone 3, on the other hand, is the most vulnerable to decreased oxygen supply and is more prone to anemia. Therefore, the statement is false.

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44.

Bilirubin is potentially toxic especially to the CNS
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Bilirubin is potentially toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS). When there is an excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the body, such as in conditions like jaundice, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to the CNS. This toxicity can lead to neurological problems, including impaired brain function and developmental delays. Therefore, it is correct to say that bilirubin is potentially toxic, especially to the CNS.

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45.

When using the term "Meso" it relates to a connection between parietal and visceral layers.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The term "meso" does indeed relate to a connection between parietal and visceral layers. This connection is often seen in medical terminology, where "meso" is used to describe structures that connect or relate to both the parietal and visceral layers of a particular organ or tissue. Therefore, the statement is true.

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46.

What is the difference between fixed and mobile viscera?
- Fixed viscera have shorter mesentaries, Mobile viscera have longer mesentaries
- Mobile viscera have shorter mesentaries, Fixed viscera have longer mesentaries
- They both have short mesentaries
- Fixed viscera have no movement at all, Mobile can migrate all throughout the body
Correct Answer

A. Fixed viscera have shorter mesentaries, Mobile viscera have longer mesentaries

Explanation

Fixed viscera have shorter mesentaries, while mobile viscera have longer mesentaries. Mesentaries are folds of the peritoneum that attach organs to the abdominal wall and provide support. In the case of fixed viscera, such as the liver and spleen, the mesentaries are shorter and do not allow for much movement. On the other hand, mobile viscera, like the intestines, have longer mesentaries that allow for greater mobility and movement throughout the body.

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47.

Order the subject densities from most radiopaque to most radiolucent
- Metal,bone,soft tissue,fat,air
- Bone,metal,soft tissue,fat,air
- Soft tissue,air,bone,metal,fat
- Fat,soft tissue,air,bone,metal
Correct Answer

A. Metal,bone,soft tissue,fat,air

Explanation

The correct answer is "Metal, bone, soft tissue, fat, air." This order is based on the radiopacity of each subject. Metal is the most radiopaque, meaning it appears the most white on a radiograph. Bone is the next most radiopaque, followed by soft tissue, fat, and air. Air is the most radiolucent, meaning it appears the most black on a radiograph.

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48.

When looking at a VD radiograph it is normally hard to visualize the liver verses looking at a lateral view. How would you go about finding the liver on the radiographic view?
- Go to the most ventral area of the abdomen
- Try to find the stomach and proceed cranially
- Find the duodenum and its connected to it
- It lies right beside the stomach
Correct Answer

A. Try to find the stomach and proceed cranially

Explanation

To locate the liver on a VD radiograph, one should try to find the stomach and proceed cranially. The liver is located adjacent to the stomach, and by following the path of the stomach towards the cranial area of the abdomen, one can identify the liver on the radiographic view.

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49.

The kidney located on the right is (left or right)
- Left
- Right
- Option 3
- Option 4
Correct Answer

A. Left

Explanation

The kidney located on the left side of the body is the correct answer. The kidneys are a pair of organs located on either side of the spine, with the left kidney positioned slightly higher than the right kidney. The left kidney is typically located between the 11th and 12th ribs, while the right kidney is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver.

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Quiz Edited by
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Sep 21, 2016

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Quiz Preview

Define Peritoneum

The large double folded peritoneum attached to greater curvature of stomach and hangs like a apron over intestines

The prostate gland is uncommon in ALL species?

If you are on the _______________ side of the horse you will see the base of the cecum

Dogs tend to put more fat in the ________ region of the abdomen opposed to cats who place theirs in the ________ region

Name the structure located with the letter "L"

What is the organ structure that has been injected with contrast media in the caudal end of the abdomen?

The first site of processing blood leaving the GI tract is known as

The liver is known to produce all the non essential amino acids. As we know, long chains of amino acids will come together to make proteins. What particular protein is ESSENTIAL to have in the body that is most abundant in plasma.

One function of the liver is to remove toxins and or bacteria coming from GI blood

The pancreas is known to have both exocrine and endocrine functions

What is the illness animals are able to get when the pancreas becomes inflamed?

During a meal bile is directed into the small intestine

Image pertains to the GI tract of a dog. Number 3 is describing what part of the digestive tract?

Digestion and Absorption can be use interchangeably

The abomasum is known as the true stomach

Bile from the liver is known to flow from the bile ductule to the central vein

Icterus and Jaundice can be used interchangeably

An alternate name for insulin and glucagon is "feasting and fasting"

The enzymatic part and buffering part of secretions made by pancreas is known as

The bladder has 3 attachments to the pelvic and body wall?

Which species is acquired with kidney's of this conformation?

These kidney's belong to what domesticated species?

The picture is from a horses abdomen. Which part of the digestive tract is included?

Name the structure that lies ventral caudal to the liver and cranial to the small intestines

Substances produced by normal exocrine pancreatic function accomplish all of the following except

Most blood arriving to the liver is

The ________ supplies the smallest volume of blood to the liver

The hepatic acinus have significant functionality but are not easy to see under microscope. They mainly focus on blood supply and metabolism

Where is insulin produced? (Be Specific)

Between meals bile is diverted into the

When discussing the ligament in the thoracic cavity, it is the SAME as the ligament in the abdominal cavity.

The gastric groove and esophageal groove can be used interchangeably?

In hyperglycemic patients ________ is used to reduce levels of insulin and nutrients whereas in hypoglycemic patients ________ is used to raise glucose levels and nutrients in the blood

Number #18 is what GI structure?

The term ___________ and _______ can be used interchangeably and are related to a connection between 2 parts of visceral peritoneum?

The large intestine is known to be called the "Infamous 7". This relates to how the large intestine is constructed as well as the way digestion occurs. What is the correct pathway digestion occurs in the large intestine?

This structure lies on the ventral midline and gives an attachment to abdominal tissues

Name the structure at #3

You can normally see the urethra on a radiograph

Normal endocrine pancreatic function is necessary for normal metabolism of which of the following nutrients?

Zone 1 of the hepatic acinus gets the least amount of oxygen and is prone to anemia

Bilirubin is potentially toxic especially to the CNS

When using the term "Meso" it relates to a connection between parietal and visceral layers.

What is the difference between fixed and mobile viscera?

Order the subject densities from most radiopaque to most radiolucent

When looking at a VD radiograph it is normally hard to visualize the liver verses looking at a lateral view. How would you go about finding the liver on the radiographic view?

The kidney located on the right is (left or right)

Dogs tend to put more fat in the region of the abdomen opposed to cats who place theirs in the region

In hyperglycemic patients is used to reduce levels of insulin and nutrients whereas in hypoglycemic patients is used to raise glucose levels and nutrients in the blood

The term _____ and _ can be used interchangeably and are related to a connection between 2 parts of visceral peritoneum?