Probiotics & Immunity Quiz

20 Questions | By CEOnline | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 214

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. Please select the best answer from the options provide for each question below. There are twenty questions and a score of at least 60% is needed to obtain 1. 0 category A credit. You have unlimited attempts to successfully complete this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which statement about probiotics in the GI tract is FALSE?
- A.
  
  Probiotic densities increase when proceeding down the GI tract
- B.
  
  Probiotic colonization initially occurs from mother's flora or from the hospital environment
- C.
  
  Probitotics can influence cytokine production
- D.
  
  There is NO difference in flora between caesarean born infants and conventionally (vaginally) born infants
2.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit conferred by probiotics?
- A.
  
  Detoxification of xenobiotics
- B.
  
  Biosynthesis of vitamin K
- C.
  
  Fermentation of indigestible dietary fats
- D.
  
  Increasing the bioavailability of all water soluble vitamins and minerals
3.

Choose the option that bests completes this statement: A mix of i. ___________ from breast milk that don’t nourish infants are fermented by the infant’s colonic bacteria and selectively ii. __________ the growth/activity of Bifidobacterium spp.
- A.
  
  I. fat soluble vitamins. ii. decrease
- B.
  
  I. trace minerals ii. down regulate
- C.
  
  I. microbes ii. halt
- D.
  
  I. oligosaccharide prebiotics ii. promote
4.

Select the best definition of cytokine below.
- A.
  
  A tiny group of very large proteins that are involved with blood clotting
- B.
  
  A small group of specialized phospholipids that carry out cell to cell communication
- C.
  
  Highly specialized immune cells that have pro-inflammatory effects
- D.
  
  A large group of small molecules that travel to other cells, and up regulate or down regulate them
5.

Choose the best description of Th1 immunity below.
- A.
  
  Th1 cells drive humoral immunity to fight extracellular pathogens
- B.
  
  Th1 cells reduce mucosal tolerance.
- C.
  
  Th1 cells have no known function.
- D.
  
  Th1 cells drive cellular immunity to fight viruses and other intracellular pathogens.
6.

Choose the best description of Th2 immunity below.
- A.
  
  Th2 cells drive cellular immunity to fight intracellular pathogens
- B.
  
  Th2 cells reduce mucosal tolerance.
- C.
  
  Th2 cells have no known function.
- D.
  
  Th2 cells drive humoral immunity and up-regulate antibody production to fight extracellular organisms.
7.

Select the statement below about the Th1 and Th2 immune systems that is FALSE.
- A.
  
  Th1/Th2 cell polarization appears to be irreversible
- B.
  
  Some probiotics appear to influence both Th1 & Th2
- C.
  
  Other Th subsets include Th17, Thc, Th23. and Treg
- D.
  
  Antioxidant status has NO effect on Th1/Th2 balance
8.

Select the statement below about the benefits of normal flora that is TRUE.
- A.
  
  Families who consume traditional lactobacillus rich fermented foods experience fewer allergies
- B.
  
  Children with stable gut flora populations have lower incidence of atopic disease
- C.
  
  Specific aberrancies in the intestinal micrbiota may predispose disease in later life
- D.
  
  All of the above are TRUE.
9.

Select the statement below about Th1 immunity that is TRUE.
- A.
  
  Th1 cells primarily promote inflammation and activation of cytotoxic T cells
- B.
  
  Th1 rigidity and the potential pathological consequences can be moderated by up regulating production of Th2 dominant cytokines
- C.
  
  Persistent Th1 mediated inflammation of the GI tract is associated with pathologies like Crohn’s disease, H. pylori gastritis, cellular autoimmunity
- D.
  
  All of the above are TRUE.
10.

Select the statement below about Th2 immunity that is TRUE.
- A.
  
  The main cells of Th2 include B cells, mast cells and eosinophills
- B.
  
  Th2 dominancy carries a higher risk for infection
- C.
  
  Th2 over activation underlies allergy related Ig E based disease & predisposes to systemic autoimmune disease.
- D.
  
  All of the above are TRUE.
11.

Which statement about Th1/Th2 balance is FALSE?
- A.
  
  Th1 & Th2 antagonize each other's actions
- B.
  
  Dendritic cells are key players in determination of Th1/Th2 balance
- C.
  
  . SLE is a heterogeneous disease as Th1 or Th2 can dominate depending on disease stage and presentation
- D.
  
  MS has no association with Th1 and Th2 subsets
12.

Select the statement below about Treg immunity that is TRUE.
- A.
  
  Treg cells regulates T helper cell function
- B.
  
  Treg assists with maintaining oral/mucosal tolerance
- C.
  
  Tregs are key to the negative regulatory component of immune responsiveness
- D.
  
  All of the above are TRUE.
13.

Choose the best description of the hygiene hypothesis below.
- A.
  
  Hygiene has no effect on immune health.
- B.
  
  There is no change in atopic disease in industrialized countries associated with the excessive hygienic practices.
- C.
  
  Marked decrease in atopic disease in industrialized countries may be associated with the excessive hygienic practices.
- D.
  
  Marked increase in atopic disease in industrialized countries may be associated with the excessive hygienic practices.
14.

Which single probiotic strain listed below has demonstrated positive benefit on the pathogenesis on pouchitis?
- A.
  
  B. breve
- B.
  
  B. bifidum
- C.
  
  L. acidophilus
- D.
  
  L. rhamnosus
15.

Which probiotic listed below may not an optimal strain against respiratory infections?
- A.
  
  B. breve
- B.
  
  B. bifidum
- C.
  
  L. acidophilus
- D.
  
  B. animalis
16.

Choose the option that bests completes this statement: A study on UC patients found that i. ___________ therapy significantly suppressed ii. __________.
- A.
  
  I. L. acidophilus. ii. WBC
- B.
  
  I. FOS ii. RBC
- C.
  
  I. pathogenic microbes ii. platelets
- D.
  
  I. B. longum + prebiotics ii. CRP levels
17.

Which probiotic strain was shown to significantly increased wheezing in patients with asthma?
- A.
  
  B. breve
- B.
  
  B. bifidum
- C.
  
  L. acidophilus
- D.
  
  L. rhamnosus
18.

Select the statement below about Treg immunity that is TRUE.
- A.
  
  Most extensively studied prebiotics are FOS & GOS
- B.
  
  Prebiotics are not digested by the small intestine rather they are anaerobically fermented by the colon to produce short chain fatty acids.
- C.
  
  Short chain fatty acids have significant beneficial impacts on intestinal epithelial cell function
- D.
  
  All of the above are TRUE.
19.

Which probiotic strain was given to mothers of high risk infants during the first 6 months of life which resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of atopic disease up to the age of 4 years old?
- A.
  
  B. breve
- B.
  
  B. bifidum
- C.
  
  L. acidophilus
- D.
  
  L. rhamnosus
20.

Which probiotic strain when administered in combination with mesalmine reduced the number of relapses in patients suffering from Crohn’s disease?
- A.
  
  B. breve
- B.
  
  B. bifidum
- C.
  
  L. acidophilus
- D.
  
  S. boulardii