Weight Loss And Sports Supplements

2.

Which of the following statements about whey protein is TRUE?

Whey promotes a rapid rise in serum amino acid levels.
Whey has a high content of the essential amino acid leucine.
Whey is slowly digested.
A and B

Correct Answer

A. A and B

Explanation

Whey protein promotes a rapid rise in serum amino acid levels because it is quickly and easily absorbed by the body. It also has a high content of the essential amino acid leucine, which is important for muscle protein synthesis.

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3.

Which of the following statements about arginine alpha-ketoglutarate and/or nitric oxide is FALSE?

Arginine is the substrate for the nitric oxide synthase enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of arginine to produce nitric oxide.
Nitric oxide promotes vasodilation.
Arginine is not recommended following acute myocardial infarction.
Several studies suggest that arginine alpha-ketoglutarate increases muscle size.

Correct Answer

A. Several studies suggest that arginine alpha-ketoglutarate increases muscle size.

Explanation

The given statement is false because several studies actually suggest that arginine alpha-ketoglutarate does not increase muscle size.

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4.

Which of the following statements about growth hormone and/or arginine supplementation is FALSE?

Consuming 5 to 9 gm of arginine at rest increases growth hormone in a dose-dependent manner.
Exercise alone increases growth hormone levels by 300% to 500%.
Ingesting arginine before exercise further increases the growth hormone response to exercise.
A high dose of arginine can cause considerable gastrointestinal distress without further raising growth hormone levels

Correct Answer

A. Ingesting arginine before exercise further increases the growth hormone response to exercise.

5.

Which of the following statements about caffeine supplementation is FALSE?

It may improve performance during short-term intense aerobic exercise and prolonged endurance exercise.
It increases alertness and reduces the perception of effort.
It significantly increases fat metabolism and spares muscle glycogen.
It is unlikely to elevate urine output or cause dehydration if consumed in moderation before and/or during exercise.

Correct Answer

A. It significantly increases fat metabolism and spares muscle glycogen.

Explanation

Caffeine supplementation does not significantly increase fat metabolism and spare muscle glycogen.

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6.

Which of the following statements about creatine supplementation is FALSE?

It increases phosphocreatine stores in muscles.
It may improve performance during repeated intervals of high-intensity, short-duration exercise.
It enhances muscle size and strength during resistance training.
It has long-term detrimental effects on kidney and liver function.

Correct Answer

A. It has long-term detrimental effects on kidney and liver function.

Explanation

Creatine supplementation does not have long-term detrimental effects on kidney and liver function. Studies have shown that short-term use of creatine does not cause any significant harm to these organs. However, it is important to note that individuals with pre-existing kidney or liver conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before taking creatine.

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7.

Which of the following supplements purportedly increase the body’s ability to buffer lactic acid?

Beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, creatine, sodium bicarbonate
Beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, sodium bicarbonate, pyruvate
Beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, phosphate, sodium bicarbonate
Phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, ribose, beta-alanine

Correct Answer

A. Beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, phosphate, sodium bicarbonate

Explanation

Beta-alanine, bovine colostrum, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate are supplements that purportedly increase the body's ability to buffer lactic acid. Beta-alanine is known to increase muscle carnosine levels, which helps to buffer lactic acid. Bovine colostrum contains high levels of lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, which have been shown to improve exercise performance and reduce muscle damage. Phosphate helps to replenish ATP stores, which can help delay the onset of fatigue and lactic acid accumulation. Sodium bicarbonate acts as a pH buffer, helping to neutralize lactic acid and maintain muscle pH levels. Therefore, these supplements can enhance the body's ability to buffer lactic acid during exercise.

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8.

Research has shown that androstenedione supplementation in men:

Increases testosterone levels
Decreases HDL cholesterol and increases estrogen levels
Increases muscle mass
Increases strength

Correct Answer

A. Decreases HDL cholesterol and increases estrogen levels

Explanation

Androstenedione supplementation in men has been found to have negative effects on cholesterol levels and estrogen levels. HDL cholesterol, also known as "good" cholesterol, is decreased, which can increase the risk of heart disease. Additionally, androstenedione supplementation leads to an increase in estrogen levels, which can cause hormonal imbalances and potentially lead to negative health effects. Therefore, the correct answer is that androstenedione supplementation decreases HDL cholesterol and increases estrogen levels.

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9.

Which of the following supplements supposedly enhance fat oxidation and/or lipolysis?

Hydroxycitrate, chitosan, pyruvate
Green tea extract, conjugated linoleic acids, carnitine
Coleus forskolin, caffeine
B and C

Correct Answer

A. B and C

Explanation

Green tea extract and conjugated linoleic acids are supplements that supposedly enhance fat oxidation and/or lipolysis. Green tea extract contains catechins, which have been shown to increase fat oxidation. Conjugated linoleic acids are a type of fatty acid that may help promote fat loss and increase lipolysis. Coleus forskolin and caffeine are also believed to have these effects, but they are not included in the correct answer.

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10.

Which supplements purportedly increase metabolic rate?

7-keto DHEA, citrus aurantium, and green tea extract
Coleus forskolin, hydroxycitrate and hoodia
Ephedra, caffeine, and capsaicin
A and C Correct

Correct Answer

A. 7-keto DHEA, citrus aurantium, and green tea extract

Explanation

7-keto DHEA, citrus aurantium, and green tea extract are supplements that are believed to increase metabolic rate. 7-keto DHEA is a hormone that helps to boost metabolism, citrus aurantium contains a compound called synephrine which may increase calorie burning, and green tea extract contains catechins that can help to increase metabolism and fat oxidation. These supplements have been commonly used for weight loss purposes due to their potential effects on metabolism.

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11.

Which supplement contains synephrine and octopamine?

Ephedra
Yohimbine
Citrus aurantium
Guarana

Correct Answer

A. Citrus aurantium

Explanation

Citrus aurantium is the supplement that contains synephrine and octopamine. Synephrine and octopamine are both naturally occurring alkaloids found in Citrus aurantium, also known as bitter orange. These compounds are believed to have stimulant effects and are often used in weight loss and athletic performance supplements.

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12.

Which supplements allegedly promote weight loss or improve athletic performance due to their effect on brain neurotransmitters?

St. John's wort, 5-HTP, tyrosine
St. John's wort, 5-HTP, L-threanine
St. John's wort, 5-HTP, magnolia bark
L-threanine, magnolia bark, beta-sitosterol

Correct Answer

A. St. John's wort, 5-HTP, tyrosine

Explanation

St. John's wort, 5-HTP, and tyrosine are supplements that allegedly promote weight loss or improve athletic performance due to their effect on brain neurotransmitters. St. John's wort is believed to increase serotonin levels, which can help regulate appetite and improve mood. 5-HTP is a precursor to serotonin, so it may also have similar effects. Tyrosine is involved in the production of dopamine, which can enhance focus and motivation during exercise. Therefore, these supplements are thought to influence neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to potential benefits for weight loss and athletic performance.

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13.

"Ephedra-free" on a supplement label means that the supplement does not contain any stimulants.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

"Ephedra-free" on a supplement label means that the supplement does not contain the ingredient ephedra, which is a stimulant. Therefore, the statement is true.

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14.

Which of the following statements about dietary supplements is TRUE?

Dietary supplements do not undergo pre-market testing for safety and effectiveness.
The amount of an active ingredient may be higher or lower than amount listed on the product label.
Products containing "natural" ingredients are safe.
A and B Correct

Correct Answer

A. A and B Correct

Explanation

Dietary supplements do not undergo pre-market testing for safety and effectiveness, which means that their safety and effectiveness are not guaranteed. Additionally, the amount of an active ingredient in a dietary supplement may be higher or lower than the amount listed on the product label, which can lead to potential health risks or ineffectiveness of the supplement. Therefore, both statements A and B are true.

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Weight Loss And Sports Supplements

What should healthcare professionals consider when evaluating dietary supplements for athletes?

Quiz Preview

Which of the following statements about whey protein is TRUE?

Which of the following statements about arginine alpha-ketoglutarate and/or nitric oxide is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about growth hormone and/or arginine supplementation is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about caffeine supplementation is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about creatine supplementation is FALSE?

Which of the following supplements purportedly increase the body’s ability to buffer lactic acid?

Research has shown that androstenedione supplementation in men:

Which of the following supplements supposedly enhance fat oxidation and/or lipolysis?

Which supplements purportedly increase metabolic rate?

Which supplement contains synephrine and octopamine?

Which supplements allegedly promote weight loss or improve athletic performance due to their effect on brain neurotransmitters?

"Ephedra-free" on a supplement label means that the supplement does not contain any stimulants.

Which of the following statements about dietary supplements is TRUE?