Petroweek 2017 Petrosmart Competition - Internal Selection For Spe Itb Sc

A globule of partly hydrated polymer caused by poor dispersion during the mixing process is commonly referred to as a "fish eye". This term is used to describe the appearance of these irregularly shaped particles that resemble the eye of a fish. Fish eyes are typically formed when the product is added too quickly during the mixing process, resulting in inadequate dispersion of the polymer.

Gumbo is a nonspecific type of shale that becomes sticky when wet and adheres aggressively to surfaces. It forms mud rings and balls that can plug the annulus, the flowline, and shale-shaker screens.

Chain tongs are a type of pipe wrench that is commonly used for hand-tightening threaded connections around the rigsite. They are equipped with a handle, a set of gripping die teeth, a length of flat chain, and a hooking slot where the chain can be adjusted to fit the pipe. Chain tongs provide a secure grip on the pipe, allowing for easy tightening or loosening of threaded connections.

The steel-sided room adjacent to the rig floor, usually having an access door close to the driller's controls is called the doghouse. This term is commonly used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a small structure or room on an oil rig where the drilling crew can monitor and control the drilling operations. The doghouse provides a safe and convenient location for the driller to oversee the drilling process and make necessary adjustments.

Detergency refers to the ability of a chemical agent to remove a contaminant from a solid surface.

BP agreed to sell approximately half of its working interests in the US Gulf of Mexico's Gila and Tiber fields to Chevron. This means that BP has reached an agreement with Chevron to transfer a significant portion of its ownership and operational rights in these oil and gas fields. By doing so, BP is likely looking to reduce its exposure and financial commitments in these assets, while Chevron is expanding its presence and investment in the US Gulf of Mexico region.

Apparent dip refers to the angle that a plane makes with the horizontal when measured in a randomly oriented section, rather than perpendicular to the strike. It is used to determine the inclination of a geological plane when it is not possible to measure the true dip directly. Apparent dip is an important concept in geology as it allows geologists to interpret the orientation and structure of rock layers and understand the geological history of an area.

A marsh is an environment that rarely drains water and supports primarily grassy vegetation. Unlike peatlands, marshes do not form peat, which is a type of soil made up of partially decomposed plant material. Marshes are characterized by their wet and waterlogged conditions, making them ideal habitats for various plant and animal species.

A firing head is a mechanical or electronic device that is used to initiate the detonation of perforating charges. These charges are typically conveyed through tubing, drillpipe, coiled tubing, or slickline. The firing head is responsible for igniting the charges, allowing them to perforate the desired target.

A tubing puncher is a special perforating gun or charge that is designed for limited penetration. It allows an inner tubing or casing string to be perforated without damaging a surrounding outer string. This device is specifically created to perforate the desired tubing or casing while minimizing the risk of causing any harm to the surrounding components.

The term "strap" is used to measure the dimensions of an oil tank, such as external diameter and height, using a steel tape. A strap is a long, flexible strip or tape made of steel that is wrapped around the tank to determine its dimensions. By measuring the circumference and height of the tank using the strap, one can calculate the capacity and volume of the tank accurately.

Cut oil refers to crude oil that contains water, usually in the form of an emulsion. This emulsion occurs when water is mixed with the crude oil, creating a stable mixture. The term "cut" is used to describe this mixture because it indicates that the crude oil has been diluted or mixed with water. Cut oil is commonly found in oil production and can pose challenges during refining and processing due to the need to separate the water from the oil.

The term "flow regime" refers to the description of the geometrical distribution of a multiphase fluid moving through a pipe. It encompasses the different patterns and characteristics of the flow, such as the distribution of phases, their interaction, and the overall behavior of the fluid. Understanding the flow regime is crucial in various industries, such as oil and gas, as it helps in designing and optimizing the transportation and processing of multiphase fluids.

Norway, despite being a major oil producer, pays the most for gasoline/petrol at the pump. This can be attributed to the high taxes imposed on fuel in Norway. The country has implemented high taxes on gasoline as part of its efforts to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable transportation. These taxes significantly increase the cost of gasoline for consumers, resulting in Norway having the highest prices for petrol at the pump, despite its oil production capabilities.

A microannulus is a small gap that can occur between the casing or liner and the surrounding cement sheath. This gap is commonly formed due to changes in temperature or pressure during or after the cementing process.

The correct answer is "Bridge". In the context of wellbores, a bridge refers to a wellbore obstruction caused by the accumulation of materials like scale, wellbore fill, or cuttings. This buildup can restrict access to the wellbore and, in severe cases, completely close it off.

The party that acquires the rights to drill and earn an assignment of the leasehold interest, receiving a farm-in, is referred to as the "Farmee." The term "Farmee" is commonly used in the oil and gas industry to describe the party that is brought in by the leaseholder to undertake drilling operations and earn an interest in the lease. This arrangement allows the Farmee to share in the costs and risks associated with drilling while also earning a stake in the leasehold interest.

The correct term for a steel frame on which portable equipment is mounted to facilitate handling with cranes or flatbed trucks in drilling is called a skid.

In a stage separation operation, the operating pressure is highest at the first separator. This is because the first separator is responsible for receiving the initial mixture and separating it into different stages. As the separation process progresses, the pressure decreases at each subsequent separator. Therefore, the highest operating pressure is at the first separator.

If the value of yield stress is zero, it means that the drilling fluid does not require any minimum amount of shear stress to start flowing. In this case, the ratio of shear stress to shear rate is solely determined by the plastic viscosity of the fluid. Plastic viscosity represents the resistance of the fluid to flow under shear stress, and is calculated by dividing the shear stress by the shear rate. Therefore, in the given scenario, the ratio of shear stress to shear rate is equal to the plastic viscosity.

The Anglo-Persian oil company is presently known as BP.

A centralizer is a mechanical device used in oil and gas drilling operations to keep the casing from contacting the wellbore wall. It is designed to ensure that the casing is centered and evenly distributed around the wellbore, preventing any potential damage or obstruction. By maintaining a consistent distance between the casing and the wellbore wall, centralizers help to improve the efficiency and safety of the drilling process.

A desilter is a hydrocyclone device that is used to remove smaller diameter drilled solids from drilling fluids. It is capable of efficiently separating and removing these solids, which the desander is not able to do. The desilter operates by creating a high-speed rotational flow that causes the solids to be separated and discharged, while the clean drilling fluid is returned to the system. This device is an important part of the drilling process as it helps to maintain the quality and efficiency of the drilling fluid, preventing clogging and other issues.

During the drilling process, it is possible for materials such as drill pipe, drill collar, and drilling tools to become stuck in the well. The recovery process for retrieving these materials is known as fishing. Fishing involves using specialized tools and techniques to free the stuck items and remove them from the wellbore.

The shape of the two-phase liquid flow IPR when the reservoir pressure is always above the bubble point is straight.

An increase in capillary pressure refers to an increase in the pressure within the small capillaries in a reservoir. Water coning occurs when the pressure of the reservoir is not sufficient to hold back the water, causing it to rise towards the production well. Therefore, if the capillary pressure increases, it means that the pressure holding back the water is also increasing, which will result in a greater effect of water coning. Hence, the statement "an increase in capillary pressure will increase the effect of water coning" is true.

The statement is false because the free damaged zone near the wellbore skin factor(s) cannot be a negative number. The skin factor represents the additional pressure drop caused by damage near the wellbore, and it is typically a positive value. A negative value would imply a reduction in pressure drop, which is not consistent with the concept of skin factor.

Increasing the ratio of viscosity of water to the viscosity of oil will actually decrease the fractional flow of water in water flooding. This is because a higher viscosity ratio means that the water is more viscous compared to the oil, making it less likely to flow through the reservoir rocks. As a result, the flow of water during water flooding will be hindered, leading to a decrease in the fractional flow of water.

Surfactant injection is the correct answer because surfactants are compounds that reduce the interfacial tension between two substances, such as oil and water. By decreasing the interfacial tension, surfactants help to improve the spreading and mixing of substances that would otherwise repel each other. This is particularly useful in various industries, such as oil and gas, where surfactant injection is commonly used to enhance oil recovery by reducing the tension between the oil and water, allowing for easier extraction.

In shale reservoirs, the creation of the stimulated reservoir volume involves two rock failure mechanisms: shear and tensile. Shear failure occurs when the rocks slide or deform along a plane, causing fractures and creating pathways for fluid flow. Tensile failure, on the other hand, happens when rocks break apart due to stretching or pulling forces, resulting in the formation of new fractures. Both shear and tensile failures contribute to the creation of the stimulated reservoir volume, allowing for improved extraction of oil or gas from shale reservoirs.