Med Surg 2 Exam 2
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The nurse best understands the risks of Heart Failure when she explains which as primary risk factors. Select all that apply.
- A.
Smoking
- B.
Obesity
- C.
CAD
- D.
Advancing Age
- E.
African American Decent
Correct Answer(s)
C. CAD
D. Advancing AgeExplanation
The nurse best understands the risks of Heart Failure when she explains CAD and advancing age as primary risk factors. CAD, or coronary artery disease, is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, leading to a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This can increase the risk of heart failure. Advancing age is also a primary risk factor for heart failure as the heart muscles tend to weaken and become less efficient with age. Therefore, both CAD and advancing age are important factors to consider when discussing the risks of heart failure.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A pt reports with mental confusion as well as a narrowing pulse pressure and noticable weight gain. Upon assessing radiology results the nurse notes a enlarged LV and a enlarged LA. The Nurse would expect the pt to be diagnosed with which kind of heart failure?
- A.
Left Sided Heart Failure
- B.
Right Sided Heart Failure
- C.
Both
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Left Sided Heart FailureExplanation
Based on the given information, the patient is experiencing mental confusion, narrowing pulse pressure, noticeable weight gain, and has an enlarged left ventricle (LV) and enlarged left atrium (LA). These findings suggest left sided heart failure. In left sided heart failure, the left side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms such as fluid accumulation, weight gain, and decreased perfusion to the brain causing mental confusion. Therefore, the correct answer is Left Sided Heart Failure.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The nurse best understands the importance of managing a patient with heart failure when she says which statement?
- A.
Its important to increase the preload because its directly correlated to a increase in CO and thats always good.
- B.
Decreasing preload will put less strain on the heart as it will also lower the CO, and thus is decreasing the amount the heart needs to work.
- C.
Decreasing Preload is the most common therapeutic practice to ensure a HF patient has a good quality of life.
- D.
Increased preload is equal to a decrease in CO.
Correct Answer
B. Decreasing preload will put less strain on the heart as it will also lower the CO, and thus is decreasing the amount the heart needs to work. -
- 4.
The nurse needs further education on the topic of the bodys natural compensation to HF when she explains it in which way? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
A decrease in CO stimulates the SNS to release NE, this NE causes a increase in HR as well as a increase in contractility and vasodilation. Vasodilation increases the venous return of the body to the heart which increases ventricle filling. The abundance of blood overfills the heart causing the myocardial tissue to atrophy. The hyperatrophied ventricle has decreased contractility at this point and thus has a decreased CO.
- B.
A decrease in CO stimulates the SNS to release NE, this NE causes a increase in HR as well as a increase in contractility and vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases the venous return of the body to the heart which increases ventricle filling. The abundance of blood overfills the heart causing the myocardial tissue to atrophy. The hyperatrophied ventricle has decreased contractility at this point and thus has a decreased CO.
- C.
A decrease in CO stimulates the SNS to release NE, this NE causes a increase in HR as well as a increase in contractility and vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases the venous return of the body to the heart which increases ventricle filling. The abundance of blood overfills the heart causing the myocardial tissue to atrophy. The hyperatrophied ventricle has increased contractility at this point and thus has a increased CO.
- D.
A increase in CO stimulates the SNS to release Epinephrine, this Epinephrine causes a increase in HR as well as a increase in contractility and vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases the venous return of the body to the heart which increases ventricle filling. The abundance of blood overfills the heart causing the myocardial tissue to atrophy. The hyperatrophied ventricle has decreased contractility at this point and thus has a increased CO.
Correct Answer
B. A decrease in CO stimulates the SNS to release NE, this NE causes a increase in HR as well as a increase in contractility and vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases the venous return of the body to the heart which increases ventricle filling. The abundance of blood overfills the heart causing the myocardial tissue to atrophy. The hyperatrophied ventricle has decreased contractility at this point and thus has a decreased CO.Explanation
The explanation provided in the correct answer accurately describes the body's natural compensation to heart failure. It states that a decrease in cardiac output (CO) stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release norepinephrine (NE), which leads to an increase in heart rate (HR), contractility, and vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction increases venous return to the heart, increasing ventricle filling. However, the abundance of blood overfills the heart, causing myocardial tissue to atrophy. As a result, the hyperatrophied ventricle has decreased contractility and a decreased CO.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A pt w/ Systolic Heart Failure is admitted for a HF exacerbation. The student nurse understands that the best thing we could do for the pt is to help the heart perform which action? Select the BEST answer(s).
- A.
Help the heart fill effectively
- B.
Help the heart maintain a steady pulse
- C.
Both A and B
- D.
Help the heart eject more blood from the ventricle
Correct Answer
D. Help the heart eject more blood from the ventricleExplanation
Helping the heart eject more blood from the ventricle is the best action to help a patient with systolic heart failure. In systolic heart failure, the heart is unable to effectively pump blood out of the ventricles, leading to a decrease in cardiac output. By assisting the heart in ejecting more blood, it can improve cardiac output and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Helping the heart fill effectively may be important in diastolic heart failure, but in this case, the question specifies systolic heart failure.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following descriptions of your patient when receiving report on the unit would make the nurse anticipate the pt is in heart failure. Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
BP- 169/100, HR-87, Ejection Fraction from a recent ECHO of 32 , S.O.B
- B.
BP- 120/80, HR-115, Ejection Fraction from a recent ECHO of 53
- C.
BP- 200/113, HR-87, Ejection Fraction from a recent ECHO of 45 , S.O.B
- D.
BP- 110/78, HR-59, Ejection Fraction from a recent ECHO of 71, Pt has Unstable Angina
Correct Answer
A. BP- 169/100, HR-87, Ejection Fraction from a recent ECHO of 32 , S.O.BExplanation
The patient with a blood pressure of 169/100, heart rate of 87, ejection fraction of 32 from a recent ECHO, and shortness of breath is likely in heart failure. These symptoms indicate that the heart is not pumping effectively, as evidenced by the low ejection fraction and the presence of shortness of breath. The elevated blood pressure may be a compensatory mechanism to try to maintain adequate perfusion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Right Sided heart failure will most typically present with pulmonary issues, and left sided heart failure will most typically present with systemic and body issues like Liver problems.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by the inability of the left side of the heart to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body. This can lead to systemic issues such as fluid retention, shortness of breath, and fatigue. It can also affect organs like the liver, causing liver congestion and dysfunction. On the other hand, right-sided heart failure occurs when the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the lungs, leading to pulmonary issues such as fluid accumulation in the lungs, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Read the following report and determine the issue associated with the patient....Pt has reported to the ED with a Cap Refill >3 seconds. Crackles in the bases of the lungs. HR-72 BP 110/70. The pt is diaphoretic. The patient pt reports that they workout frequently to lose weight but noticed they have gained about 7 pounds just this week. The patient most likely is presenting with ________
Correct Answer
Left Sided Heart FailureExplanation
The patient is presenting with left-sided heart failure. This can be inferred from the symptoms mentioned in the report. The crackles in the bases of the lungs indicate pulmonary congestion, which is a common finding in left-sided heart failure. The prolonged cap refill time suggests poor perfusion, which can occur due to reduced cardiac output in left-sided heart failure. The patient's diaphoresis and recent weight gain are also consistent with fluid retention, another characteristic of left-sided heart failure. The normal heart rate and blood pressure do not rule out left-sided heart failure as they can vary depending on the severity of the condition.Rate this question:
- 9.
Your pt reports with Left sided HF and as a result is having trouble breathing and has been determined to be experiencing pulm edema. The nurse anticipates which medications to be ordered? Select all that apply.
- A.
Morphine
- B.
Nitroglycerin
- C.
Aspirin
- D.
TPA
- E.
Diuretics
- F.
Phosphodiasterase inhibitors
Correct Answer(s)
A. Morphine
B. Nitroglycerin
E. DiureticsExplanation
The correct answer is Morphine, Nitroglycerin, and Diuretics. Left-sided heart failure can lead to fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. Morphine is commonly used to relieve anxiety and reduce the work of breathing in patients with pulmonary edema. Nitroglycerin helps to dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart. Diuretics are prescribed to help eliminate excess fluid from the body and reduce fluid buildup in the lungs. Aspirin and TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) are not typically used in the treatment of pulmonary edema. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as milrinone, may be used in some cases, but they are not listed as options in this question.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The pt with right sided HF would likely be found to be acidotic.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because right-sided heart failure does not typically cause acidosis. Acidosis is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure, where the heart is unable to effectively pump oxygenated blood to the body, leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH. Right-sided heart failure, on the other hand, occurs when the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This can lead to fluid accumulation in the body, but it does not directly cause acidosis.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The nurse taking care of a patient with heart failure recognizes which series of lab values as the most troubling and consults the doctor? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
BNP-45 AST-25 ALT- 45 ESR-30 BILI- 1.2
- B.
BNP-21 AST-25 ALT- 35 ESR-15 BILI- 5
- C.
BNP-520 AST-200 ALT- 800 ESR-12 BILI- 7
- D.
BNP-570 AST-200 ALT- 90 ESR-10 BILI- 0.6
Correct Answer
C. BNP-520 AST-200 ALT- 800 ESR-12 BILI- 7Explanation
The nurse would consult the doctor for the patient with the lab values BNP-520 AST-200 ALT- 800 ESR-12 BILI- 7. These values indicate a significantly elevated BNP level, which is a marker for heart failure. The elevated AST and ALT levels suggest liver dysfunction, which can be a complication of heart failure. The elevated ESR may indicate inflammation, which can also be related to heart failure. The elevated bilirubin level may suggest liver dysfunction as well. Overall, these lab values indicate a worsening condition and require immediate attention from the doctor.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The nurse is taking care of a patient with HF, the first line of pharmacologic defense is considered which drug?
- A.
ARBS
- B.
ACE INHIBITORS
- C.
DIGOXIN
- D.
BETA BLOCKERS
Correct Answer
B. ACE INHIBITORSExplanation
In the management of heart failure (HF), ACE inhibitors are considered the first line of pharmacologic defense. ACE inhibitors help to reduce the workload on the heart by dilating blood vessels and reducing fluid retention. They also help to improve cardiac function and decrease symptoms of HF. ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers), digoxin, and beta blockers are also commonly used in the treatment of HF, but ACE inhibitors are typically the initial choice due to their proven efficacy and safety profile.Rate this question:
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- 13.
EMS brings a pt to the ED at 23:45. The pt is complaining of Chest Pain. When questioned the 22 year old UF Student was playing Call of Duty. When asked about the length of the pain its been 25 mins since it started. The intensity has not changed. The nurse understands this patient to be having what kind of Angina.
- A.
Stable
- B.
Unstable
- C.
Prinzmetal
- D.
Gas Pain
Correct Answer
C. PrinzmetalExplanation
Based on the information provided, the patient is a 22-year-old UF student who has been experiencing chest pain for 25 minutes while playing Call of Duty. The intensity of the pain has not changed. This suggests that the patient is experiencing Prinzmetal angina, also known as variant angina. Prinzmetal angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs at rest, often during periods of emotional stress or physical exertion. The pain is caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries, leading to a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The nurse is watching the EKG at the nurses station and notices that the ST segment appears to look like a sunken plateau. The nurse would anticipate the patient to be exeperiencing what issue?
- A.
STEMI
- B.
NSTEMI
- C.
ACS
- D.
CHF
Correct Answer
B. NSTEMIExplanation
The nurse would anticipate the patient to be experiencing an NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction). In an NSTEMI, there is partial blockage of a coronary artery, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause ischemia and damage to the heart, which is reflected in the EKG as a depressed or sunken ST segment. This is different from a STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction), where there is complete blockage of a coronary artery and the ST segment is elevated. ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) is a broader term that encompasses both NSTEMI and STEMI. CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) is a separate condition involving the heart's inability to pump blood effectively.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A pt is receiving fibrinolytic therapies for their STEMI. Which of the following would be appropriate nursing diagnoses. Select the BEST answer(s).
- A.
High Risk for Bleeding
- B.
Impaired mobility
- C.
GI DIsorders
- D.
Altered mental status
- E.
Nutrition Deficit
Correct Answer(s)
A. High Risk for Bleeding
C. GI DIsorders
D. Altered mental statusExplanation
The correct answer is High Risk for Bleeding, GI Disorders, and Altered mental status.
- High Risk for Bleeding is appropriate because fibrinolytic therapies can increase the risk of bleeding in patients.
- GI Disorders is appropriate because fibrinolytic therapies can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
- Altered mental status is appropriate because fibrinolytic therapies can affect the central nervous system and cause confusion or other changes in mental status.
These nursing diagnoses are relevant and important considerations for a patient receiving fibrinolytic therapies for their STEMI.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The nurse understands that 1 hour after a MI the pt is at risk for which dysryhthmia?
- A.
VTACH
- B.
VFIB
- C.
AFIB
- D.
PVC
Correct Answer
B. VFIBExplanation
One hour after a myocardial infarction (MI), the patient is at risk for ventricular fibrillation (VFIB). VFIB is a life-threatening arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart. It can lead to a loss of effective pumping action, causing cardiac arrest and sudden death. Prompt medical intervention, such as defibrillation, is necessary to restore a normal heart rhythm and prevent further complications.Rate this question:
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- 17.
After a MI a pt is said to be clear to increase activity at what point?
- A.
48 hours
- B.
10 days
- C.
6 Weeks
- D.
3 Months
Correct Answer
B. 10 daysExplanation
After a myocardial infarction (MI), a patient is typically advised to gradually increase their activity level. This is because during the first 48 hours after an MI, the patient is in the acute phase and needs to rest and recover. However, after 10 days, the patient's condition has stabilized, and they can start increasing their activity level under medical supervision. This allows the patient's body to gradually adapt and regain strength without putting excessive strain on the heart. Waiting for 10 days ensures that the patient has had enough time to heal and reduces the risk of complications.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A pt presents with a trauma to the chest. Blood has pooled into the thoracic cavity. The nurse anticipates a chest tube to be placed in which location? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
Low Anterior
- B.
Low Lateral Chest
- C.
Low Posterior Chest
- D.
High Lateral Chest
Correct Answer
A. Low AnteriorExplanation
When blood pools into the thoracic cavity due to trauma, a chest tube is typically placed in the low anterior chest. This location allows for effective drainage of the blood and helps to prevent complications such as hemothorax or tension pneumothorax. Placing the chest tube in the low anterior chest also allows for easier access and monitoring by healthcare providers. The other options (low lateral chest, low posterior chest, high lateral chest) are not the preferred locations for chest tube placement in this scenario.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is the PRIORITY nursing action if you see that your patients chest tube has come out.
- A.
Notify MD Stat
- B.
Prepare for a STAT xray
- C.
Apply Vaseline STAT
- D.
Assess lung sounds STAT
Correct Answer
C. Apply Vaseline STATExplanation
The priority nursing action if a patient's chest tube has come out is to apply Vaseline STAT. This is because applying Vaseline to the area where the chest tube came out can create a temporary seal and prevent air from entering the pleural space, which could lead to a pneumothorax. This action helps to stabilize the patient's condition until further interventions can be implemented.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When teaching a patient with atherosclerosis on how they can help themselves with the disease the nurse picks which options? Select the BEST answer(s).
- A.
Genetics
- B.
Smoking Cessation
- C.
Watch their Diet
- D.
Lower Cholesterol
- E.
Stop eating foods high in Vit K
Correct Answer(s)
B. Smoking Cessation
C. Watch their Diet
D. Lower CholesterolExplanation
The nurse would select the options of Smoking Cessation, Watch their Diet, and Lower Cholesterol when teaching a patient with atherosclerosis on how they can help themselves with the disease. Smoking cessation is important as smoking can worsen atherosclerosis. Watching their diet is crucial as a healthy diet can help manage the condition. Lowering cholesterol is essential as high cholesterol levels contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The nurse understands the reason a PFT is ordered for their patient going down for a CABG is? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
To test the strength of their heart under the pressures of surgery.
- B.
To test the strength of their lungs under the pressures of surgery.
- C.
To see how good the lungs function
- D.
To determine if the patient will be able to be extubated post-op.
Correct Answer
D. To determine if the patient will be able to be extubated post-op.Explanation
The reason a PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) is ordered for a patient going down for a CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) is to determine if the patient will be able to be extubated post-op. This test helps assess the patient's lung function and capacity, which is crucial for successful extubation and ensuring adequate oxygenation after surgery. By evaluating the patient's respiratory status, the medical team can make informed decisions regarding extubation and post-operative care.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The sternum can only be surgically opened 3 times.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
There is no medical limitation on the number of times the sternum can be surgically opened. In fact, sternotomy (the surgical procedure of opening the sternum) is commonly performed in various cardiac surgeries such as bypass surgery or heart transplant. The sternum can be opened and closed multiple times if necessary for different surgical interventions. Therefore, the statement that the sternum can only be surgically opened three times is false.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The operating room nurse understands that the pt who is down for a CABG has the highest risk for? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
ACUTE MI
- B.
Low CO
- C.
Electrolyte Imbalancc
- D.
Hemorrhage
- E.
Cardiac Tamponade
Correct Answer
D. HemorrhageExplanation
During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the patient is at the highest risk for hemorrhage. This is because the procedure involves manipulating and grafting blood vessels, which can lead to bleeding. Additionally, anticoagulant medications are often used during the surgery to prevent blood clots, which further increases the risk of hemorrhage. Therefore, the operating room nurse must closely monitor the patient for any signs of bleeding and take appropriate measures to control it if necessary.Rate this question:
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- 24.
During a CABG a patient is fully heparinized. The nurse knows to ready what med for the surgeon towards the end of the surgery? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
Vitamin K
- B.
Pulmonist Sulfate
- C.
Protamine Sulfate
- D.
Atropine Sulfate
Correct Answer
C. Protamine SulfateExplanation
During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the patient is fully heparinized to prevent blood clotting. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the clotting factors in the blood. However, at the end of the surgery, it is important to reverse the effects of heparin to prevent excessive bleeding. Protamine sulfate is a medication that is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Therefore, the nurse should be ready with protamine sulfate for the surgeon towards the end of the surgery.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The nurse recognizes which order of dopamine to be correct post-op of a CABG? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
4mcg/kg/min Dose
- B.
10mcg/kg/min
- C.
20mcg/kg/min
- D.
3mcg/kg/min
Correct Answer
B. 10mcg/kg/minExplanation
The nurse recognizes that a post-op patient of a CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) requires a specific dose of dopamine. Among the options provided, the correct order of dopamine is 10mcg/kg/min. This dosage is likely appropriate for the patient's condition and will help maintain blood pressure and cardiac output after the surgery.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Your patient has just had a mechanical valve placed. The nurse anticipates that the patient will be sent home with ________ for life?
Correct Answer
AnticoagulantsExplanation
After the patient has had a mechanical valve placed, they will require anticoagulants for life. This is because mechanical valves have a higher risk of blood clot formation compared to natural valves. Anticoagulants help prevent the formation of blood clots by inhibiting the clotting factors in the blood. By taking anticoagulants, the patient can reduce the risk of complications such as stroke or valve blockage caused by blood clots. Therefore, it is anticipated that the patient will be sent home with anticoagulants as a lifelong treatment.Rate this question:
- 27.
The patient asks the nurse how long do you think my hospital stay will be? The best response of the nurse would be? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
It will all depend on how much you choose to do post-op. The average stay is 5 days.
- B.
It will all depend on how much you choose to do post-op. But nobody leaves before 21 days.
- C.
A couple of days.
- D.
You will be here for a minimum of 8 days.
Correct Answer
D. You will be here for a minimum of 8 days.Explanation
The nurse's response suggests that the patient's hospital stay will be at least 8 days, indicating that the patient will not be discharged before that time. The other options either provide a vague response (a couple of days) or contradict the information given (21 days).Rate this question:
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- 28.
The patient asks how the antibiotic will kill the "bugs" in his body. The nurse explains that the Bactericidal works by? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
It slows the growth of the bacteria
- B.
It kills the targeted organism
- C.
It causes a heightened immune response
- D.
Uses antibodies to destroy the mitochondria in the cell.
Correct Answer
B. It kills the targeted organismExplanation
The correct answer is "It kills the targeted organism." Antibiotics are medications that are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Bactericidal antibiotics specifically kill the bacteria they target, while bacteriostatic antibiotics slow down the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics do not cause a heightened immune response or destroy mitochondria in the cell.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What kind of precautions would the nurse use with a pt with measles?
- A.
Standard but wash your hands
- B.
Airborne with a negative airflow room
- C.
Contact
- D.
Standard
Correct Answer
B. Airborne with a negative airflow roomExplanation
The nurse would use airborne precautions with a negative airflow room for a patient with measles. This is because measles is highly contagious and can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Airborne precautions involve wearing a mask and using a negative airflow room that helps prevent the airborne transmission of the virus to other patients and healthcare workers. Standard precautions, which include hand hygiene and wearing gloves, are also important but may not be sufficient to prevent the spread of measles. Contact precautions alone would not be enough as measles primarily spreads through respiratory droplets.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Hurricane Irma is approaching Gainesville. At what stage would UFHealth be in? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
Mitigation
- B.
Preparedness
- C.
Response
- D.
Recovery
Correct Answer
C. ResponseExplanation
UFHealth would be in the "Response" stage during Hurricane Irma. The response stage is when the organization takes immediate actions to address the impact of the disaster. In this stage, UFHealth would activate emergency plans, mobilize resources, and provide medical assistance to those affected by the hurricane. This stage involves coordinating with other emergency response agencies and ensuring the safety and well-being of patients, staff, and the community.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Bilirubin is the breakdown of complex amino acid chains.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Bilirubin is not the breakdown of complex amino acid chains. It is actually a yellow pigment that is formed when red blood cells break down. It is produced in the liver and then excreted in bile.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The patient is diagnosed with Cirrohsis. The nurse understands that the patient has about how many years remaining?
- A.
1 year
- B.
6 months
- C.
10 years
- D.
5 years
Correct Answer
D. 5 yearsExplanation
Based on the given information that the patient is diagnosed with cirrhosis, the nurse can estimate that the patient has approximately 5 years remaining. Cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive condition characterized by irreversible scarring of the liver. The prognosis for cirrhosis varies depending on various factors such as the underlying cause, the extent of liver damage, and the patient's overall health. While cirrhosis is a serious condition, it is possible for patients to live for several years with proper management and treatment. Therefore, 5 years can be considered a reasonable estimate for the patient's remaining lifespan.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The nurse explains to her preceptee that the most fatal complication of Cirrhosis is? Choose the BEST answer.
- A.
Ascites
- B.
The Disease itself
- C.
Esophageal Varices
- D.
Splenomegaly
- E.
Brain Cancer
Correct Answer
C. Esophageal VaricesExplanation
Esophageal varices are the most fatal complication of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver becomes scarred and damaged, leading to various complications. Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding. This is considered the most fatal complication because the bleeding can be severe and difficult to control, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Ascites, splenomegaly, and other complications of cirrhosis can also be serious, but esophageal varices pose the highest risk of fatality. Brain cancer is not directly related to cirrhosis and is not a common complication.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The patient you are taking care of has a BLAKEMORE tube placed. You round on your pt to find him cyanotic. The nurses PRIORITY action is to?
- A.
Assess pulse
- B.
Call the code
- C.
Deflate the balloon
- D.
Get an ABG STAT
- E.
AMBU BAG your patient
Correct Answer
C. Deflate the balloonExplanation
The correct answer is to deflate the balloon. A BLAKEMORE tube is a type of gastric tube that is used to control bleeding in patients with esophageal varices. The tube has two balloons - one in the esophagus and one in the stomach - that can be inflated to apply pressure and stop the bleeding. If the patient becomes cyanotic, it suggests that the balloon is obstructing the airway and preventing proper oxygenation. Therefore, the nurse's priority action should be to immediately deflate the balloon to ensure the patient's airway is clear and restore adequate oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The best form of prevention for Cirrohsis is to limit your ETOH intake?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that limiting alcohol intake is the best way to prevent cirrhosis. However, this is not entirely accurate. While excessive alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for cirrhosis, there are other causes as well, such as hepatitis infections and fatty liver disease. Therefore, the best form of prevention for cirrhosis is not solely limited to reducing alcohol intake, but also involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, getting vaccinated against hepatitis, and managing other underlying conditions.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which type of Hepatitis is chronic?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
A+B
- E.
B+C
- F.
ABC
Correct Answer
E. B+CExplanation
Hepatitis B and C are both types of hepatitis that can become chronic. Chronic hepatitis refers to an ongoing inflammation of the liver that lasts for more than six months. Hepatitis B and C can lead to long-term liver damage, liver cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if left untreated. It is important to diagnose and manage chronic hepatitis B and C to prevent further complications and protect liver health.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The pt presenting with stroke like S/S should receive ________ right away.
Correct Answer
A Cat ScanExplanation
A patient presenting with stroke-like symptoms should receive a CT scan right away. This is because a CT scan can quickly identify any bleeding or blockages in the brain, which are common causes of stroke. By obtaining a CT scan, healthcare professionals can determine the appropriate course of treatment for the patient, such as administering medication to dissolve a blood clot or performing surgery to remove a blockage. The CT scan provides crucial information that helps guide the immediate management of the patient's condition.Rate this question:
- 38.
A patient has a bag of heparin at a concentration of 31,500units/500mls of NS. The Drip is currently running at 20mls/hr. The pt weighs 48kg. Their most recent PTT was 45. Using the given protocol what will you set the new pump rate to in mls/hr?PTT <35 increase by 4u/kg/hrPTT35-45 increase by 2u/kg/hrPTT45-60 increase by 2u/kg/hrPTT60-80 nothingPTT80-90 decrease by 2u/kg/hr
Correct Answer
21.5 or 22mls/hrExplanation
Based on the given protocol, the pump rate is adjusted based on the patient's PTT value. If the PTT is less than 35, the rate is increased by 4 units per kilogram per hour. If the PTT is between 35 and 45, the rate is increased by 2 units per kilogram per hour. If the PTT is between 45 and 60, the rate is increased by 2 units per kilogram per hour. If the PTT is between 60 and 80, there is no change in the rate. If the PTT is between 80 and 90, the rate is decreased by 2 units per kilogram per hour. Since the most recent PTT value is 45, the rate will be increased by 2 units per kilogram per hour. Therefore, the new pump rate will be 21.5 or 22 mls/hr.Rate this question:
- 39.
What should the pt try to eliminate from their diet when they are on Warfarin? ________
Correct Answer
Vitamin KExplanation
When a patient is on Warfarin, they should try to eliminate Vitamin K from their diet. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the activity of Vitamin K, which is necessary for blood clotting. By reducing Vitamin K intake, the patient can help maintain the effectiveness of the medication and prevent complications such as excessive bleeding.Rate this question:
- 40.
Your pt has just arrived to the ICU from the ER. The pt was admitted for a exacerbation of HF and was started on Furosemide. The nurse best understands the reasoning for this med as? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
The pt is exhibiting Right Sided HF. The pt needs the furosemide to decrease the preload volume and take the strain off the already failing heart.
- B.
The pt is exhibiting Systolic HF. The pt needs the furosemide to get rid of the potassium that is causing stiffening of the myocardial tissue, which is furthering the HF exacerbation.
- C.
The pt is exhibiting left sided HF and has pulmonary edema. The pt needs the furosemide to get the fluid off the lungs.
- D.
The patient should not be on furosemide as this drug is contraindicated in Heart Failure.
Correct Answer
C. The pt is exhibiting left sided HF and has pulmonary edema. The pt needs the furosemide to get the fluid off the lungs.Explanation
The correct answer is that the patient is exhibiting left-sided HF and has pulmonary edema. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This leads to increased urine production and ultimately helps to remove excess fluid from the body, including fluid that has accumulated in the lungs due to pulmonary edema. By reducing the fluid volume in the lungs, furosemide can help alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory function in patients with left-sided HF and pulmonary edema.Rate this question:
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- 41.
You get paged for critical lab values from the stat lab. Which values would you interpret as critical from the values below? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
CK(CPK)- 38 CK-MB- 3% Troponin T-0.01
- B.
CK(CPK)- 48 CK-MB- 12% Troponin T-0.06
- C.
CK(CPK)- 36 CK-MB- 7% Troponin T-0.04
- D.
CK(CPK)- 50 CK-MB- 6% Troponin T-0.03
Correct Answer
B. CK(CPK)- 48 CK-MB- 12% Troponin T-0.06Explanation
The values that would be interpreted as critical in this scenario are CK(CPK)- 48, CK-MB- 12%, and Troponin T-0.06. These values indicate elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and Troponin T, which are markers of cardiac muscle damage. Elevated levels of these markers suggest a possible myocardial infarction (heart attack) and require immediate attention and intervention.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The nurse knows that the patient with Cirrhosis will have reduced bile production. This will impair the patients ability to absorb and vitamins. The primary nursing diagnosis for this particular deficiency would be .
Correct Answer
Lipids
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Risk for bleedingExplanation
The nurse knows that the patient with Cirrhosis will have reduced bile production, which impairs the patient's ability to absorb lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. This deficiency in nutrient absorption can lead to various complications, including an increased risk for bleeding. Therefore, the primary nursing diagnosis for this particular deficiency would be "Risk for bleeding."Rate this question:
- 43.
The nurse understands that a pt will have a TIPS procedure done as a long term solution for portal hypertension.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The nurse understands that a TIPS procedure, which stands for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt, is not a long term solution for portal hypertension. Instead, it is a temporary solution that helps to relieve symptoms and manage complications of portal hypertension. A TIPS procedure involves creating a shunt between the portal vein and hepatic vein to reduce pressure in the portal system. However, it may not be a permanent fix and may require further interventions or additional procedures in the future. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Your blood is sent off to the lab for coagulation studies. The nurse understands which of the following as a normal result? Select the BEST answer.
- A.
PT-22 Seconds INR-10 Second PTT- 47 Seconds
- B.
PT-9 Seconds INR-0.3 Second PTT- 22 Seconds
- C.
PT-3 Seconds INR-2 Second PTT- 15 Seconds
- D.
PT-12 Seconds INR-1 Second PTT- 30 Seconds
Correct Answer
D. PT-12 Seconds INR-1 Second PTT- 30 SecondsExplanation
The nurse understands that a normal result for coagulation studies includes a PT (Prothrombin Time) of 12 seconds, an INR (International Normalized Ratio) of 1 second, and a PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) of 30 seconds. These values indicate that the blood is clotting within the expected range, suggesting normal coagulation function.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The nurse is taking care of a pt with Cirrhosis. The nurse recognizes which as early manifestations of Cirrhosis? Select all that apply.
- A.
Fever
- B.
Anorexia
- C.
Ascites
- D.
Anemia
- E.
Hepatomegaly
- F.
Peripheral Edema
- G.
Spider Angiomas
Correct Answer(s)
A. Fever
B. Anorexia
E. HepatomegalyExplanation
Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by the progressive destruction of liver cells and the formation of scar tissue. Early manifestations of cirrhosis can include fever, anorexia (loss of appetite), and hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). These symptoms may be present before more advanced signs such as ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen), anemia, peripheral edema (swelling in the extremities), and spider angiomas (spider-like blood vessels on the skin) occur.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The nurse is taking care of a patient with late stage Cirrhosis. What manifestations best represent this stage? Select all that apply.
- A.
Fever
- B.
Anorexia
- C.
Ascites
- D.
Anemia
- E.
Hepatomegaly
- F.
Peripheral Edema
- G.
Spider Angiomas
Correct Answer(s)
C. Ascites
D. Anemia
F. Peripheral Edema
G. Spider AngiomasExplanation
Late stage cirrhosis is characterized by severe liver damage and dysfunction. Ascites, or the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is a common manifestation of late stage cirrhosis. Anemia may occur due to decreased production of red blood cells by the damaged liver. Peripheral edema, or swelling of the extremities, can occur due to fluid retention. Spider angiomas, or small dilated blood vessels near the skin's surface, may also be present in late stage cirrhosis. Fever, anorexia, and hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) are not typically associated with late stage cirrhosis.Rate this question:
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- 47.
You notice your pt has a flapping or tremoring hand motion. The nurse understands this is sign of which can be directly related to the bodys increase in due to the bodies ineffective processing of .
Correct Answer(s)
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Ammonia
ProteinExplanation
The flapping or tremoring hand motion is a sign of hepatic encephalopathy, which is directly related to the body's increase in ammonia due to the body's ineffective processing of protein. Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition that occurs when the liver is unable to remove toxins, such as ammonia, from the blood. Ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism, and when it builds up in the body, it can affect the brain and nervous system, leading to symptoms such as hand tremors. Therefore, the presence of flapping or tremoring hand motion suggests that the patient may be experiencing hepatic encephalopathy, which is directly related to the body's increase in ammonia due to ineffective processing of protein.Rate this question:
- 48.
The nurse understands there are immunizations for which types of hepatitis. Select all that apply.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
All
Correct Answer(s)
A. A
B. BExplanation
The nurse understands that there are immunizations available for hepatitis A and hepatitis B. These vaccines can help prevent the spread of these viral infections and protect individuals from developing hepatitis. The immunizations for hepatitis C are currently not available, so it is not included in the correct answer. The correct answer includes options A and B, indicating that there are immunizations for hepatitis A and hepatitis B.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The physician orders dobutamine at 12 mcg/kg/min for Mrs. White, who weighs 75 kg. The concentration is dobutamine 1 g in 250 mL of D5W. How many milliliters per hour should the IV pump be programmed for? _______
Correct Answer(s)
13.5ml/hrExplanation
To calculate the milliliters per hour that the IV pump should be programmed for, we need to determine the rate of infusion for dobutamine. The physician has ordered a dose of 12 mcg/kg/min for Mrs. White, who weighs 75 kg. First, we calculate the total dose of dobutamine she needs per minute by multiplying her weight by the ordered dose: 12 mcg/kg/min * 75 kg = 900 mcg/min. Next, we need to convert this dose to milliliters per minute. The concentration of dobutamine is 1 g in 250 mL of D5W, so we can convert the dose from mcg to mg: 900 mcg/min = 0.9 mg/min. Finally, we can calculate the milliliters per minute by using the concentration: 0.9 mg/min * 250 mL/1 g = 225 mL/min. Therefore, the IV pump should be programmed for 225 mL/hr, which is equivalent to 13.5 mL/hr.Rate this question:
- 50.
The physician orders dopamine at 5 mcg/kg/min. The concentration is dopamine 2 g in 250 mL of 0.9% NS. The patient’s weight is 80 kg. How many milliliters per hour should the IV pump be programmed for? _______
Correct Answer(s)
3ml/hrExplanation
The physician has ordered dopamine at a rate of 5 mcg/kg/min. The concentration of dopamine in the solution is 2 g in 250 mL of 0.9% NS. The patient's weight is 80 kg. To calculate the rate at which the IV pump should be programmed, we need to determine the total dose of dopamine needed per hour.
First, we calculate the total dose of dopamine needed per minute by multiplying the patient's weight (80 kg) by the ordered dose (5 mcg/kg/min). This gives us 400 mcg/min.
Next, we need to convert the concentration of dopamine in the solution from grams to milligrams. Since 1 g is equal to 1000 mg, the concentration is 2000 mg in 250 mL of solution.
To find the dose of dopamine per mL of solution, we divide the total dose (400 mcg) by the total volume of solution (250 mL). This gives us 1.6 mcg/mL.
Finally, to find the rate at which the IV pump should be programmed, we divide the total dose per hour (400 mcg/min) by the dose per mL of solution (1.6 mcg/mL). This gives us 250 mL/hr, which is equivalent to 3 mL/hr.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 09, 2017Quiz Created by
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