Hoa Quiz (Part 3 Of Pdf) Exam Mode

Fawwara is the correct answer because in Muslim architecture, a fawwara refers to a fountain. This term is commonly used to describe a decorative water feature found in various Islamic buildings, such as mosques or palaces. Fawwaras are often designed with intricate patterns and can serve both aesthetic and practical purposes, providing a source of water for ablution or simply adding beauty and tranquility to the surroundings.

Torii is the correct answer because it refers to monumental, free-standing gateways to a Shinto shrine. In Japanese architecture, torii gates are typically made of wood or stone and are often painted in bright red color. They mark the transition from the secular world to the sacred space of the shrine. Torii gates are an iconic symbol of Shintoism and can be found throughout Japan.

Art Nouveau is the correct answer because it is an art style that emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century, characterized by its organic and flowing forms, inspired by nature. It rejected historical styles and sought to create a new and modern aesthetic. Art Nouveau embraced new materials and techniques and aimed to integrate art into all aspects of life, from architecture to furniture and decorative arts. It was a departure from the traditional and historical styles of the past, making it a fitting choice for an art free from any historical style.

Pagodas are the most typical Chinese buildings of religious significance. They are commonly found in Buddhist temples and are characterized by their multi-tiered structure and curved roofs. Pagodas serve as places of worship, meditation, and religious ceremonies in Buddhism. They are also considered architectural landmarks and symbols of Chinese culture. Pagodas can be found throughout China and other East Asian countries influenced by Chinese Buddhism.

Angkor Wat is the correct answer because it is a temple complex that was built by Suryavarman II and is considered the largest religious structure in the world. Initially, it was designed to represent Mount Meru, a sacred mountain in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. The other options mentioned, Borobudur Temple, Wat Pra Sri Sarapet, and Vimana, do not match the description of being the biggest religious structure or being associated with Suryavarman II.

Angkor Wat is the correct answer because it is a temple complex that was built by Suryavarman II. It is known as the largest religious structure in the world and was originally designed to represent the mythical Mount Meru.

Kenzo Tange is the correct answer because he is a renowned Japanese architect known for his design of Tokyo Sports Halls. He is considered one of the most significant architects of the 20th century and his works often blend modernist principles with traditional Japanese design elements. Tange's innovative and iconic designs have had a lasting impact on the architectural landscape of Tokyo and his contributions to the field have been widely recognized and celebrated.

Classicism refers to the revival or return to the principles of Greek or Roman art and architecture. This style emphasizes simplicity, harmony, and proportion, drawing inspiration from the classical works of ancient civilizations. It seeks to capture the ideals of beauty and perfection found in the classical world. Classicism became popular during the Renaissance and continues to influence art and architecture to this day.

Realism is the correct answer because the statement suggests that the foremost quality of a building should be truth, which aligns with the principles of realism. Realism in architecture focuses on representing buildings and structures as they truly are, without any embellishments or idealizations. The discovery of steel allowed architects to create more realistic and functional buildings, as it provided a strong and versatile material for construction. Therefore, the use of steel in architecture can be seen as a way to translate the principle of truth into reality.

Architectonic refers to something that is related to or conforms to technical architectural principles. It implies a style that is characterized by a strong emphasis on structure, form, and functionality. In the context of the given options, architectonic is the most suitable choice as it directly relates to the concept of architectural principles and style. Eclecticism refers to a style that combines various elements from different styles, De Stijl is a Dutch artistic movement that focused on abstraction and simplicity, and classicism refers to a style inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

A Dikka is a reading desk commonly found in Muslim architecture. It is used for reciting or reading religious texts, such as the Quran, during religious ceremonies or prayers. The Dikka is usually elevated and can be found in mosques or other religious buildings. It provides a designated space for the person leading the prayer or recitation to stand and be visible to the congregation. The Dikka is an important element in Muslim architecture as it facilitates the proper execution of religious rituals and enhances the spiritual experience of the worshippers.

A mimbar is a raised platform in Muslim architecture that is used for ceremonial announcements. It is typically found in mosques and is similar to a pulpit or podium. The imam or speaker stands on the mimbar to deliver sermons or speeches during religious gatherings. The mimbar is an important element in Islamic architecture as it symbolizes the authority and leadership of the speaker. It is often intricately designed and decorated to reflect the grandeur and significance of the occasion.

In Muslim architecture, the term "Imam" refers to the man who leads the congregation in prayer. This role is significant in mosques, as the Imam is responsible for guiding and leading the worshippers in their prayers. The Imam is typically chosen for their knowledge of Islamic teachings and their ability to recite the Quran accurately. They play a crucial role in maintaining the spiritual atmosphere within the mosque and ensuring that the prayers are conducted correctly.

Maqsura is the correct answer because it refers to a screen or enclosure found in Muslim architecture. It is typically located in front of the mihrab, which is a niche in the wall that indicates the direction of Mecca. The maqsura serves to separate the ruler or important individuals from the rest of the congregation during prayer. It is often elaborately decorated and can be made of wood, marble, or other materials.

Mosques were built wherever Islam had spread because the prophet Muhammad called on people to honor Allah in prayer. Mosques serve as places of worship and community gathering for Muslims, providing a space for prayer, study, and social activities. They are considered sacred and are integral to the practice of Islam. Mosques can be found in various parts of the world, reflecting the global reach and influence of the religion.

In Muslim architecture, a cloistered or arcaded courtyard is known as a "sahn." This feature is commonly found in mosques and madrassahs. The sahn serves as an open space for congregational gatherings, ablution, and relaxation. It is often surrounded by arcades or colonnades, providing shade and a sense of enclosure. The sahn is an important element in Muslim architecture, contributing to the overall design and functionality of the religious and educational buildings.

Pai-lous are monumental, ceremonial gateways that are considered a basic symbolic structure in Chinese architecture. They are often found at the entrance of important buildings or along major roads and are used to mark significant locations or events. Pai-lous are typically elaborately decorated and can be made of various materials such as stone or wood. They serve as a visual representation of power, prosperity, and cultural identity in Chinese culture.

A madrassah is a type of religious college in Muslim architecture that also includes a mosque. It serves as a place of worship as well as a center for Islamic education and learning. The term "madrassah" is commonly used in the Islamic world to refer to educational institutions where students study various subjects related to Islam, such as Quranic studies, Islamic law, theology, and Arabic language. The inclusion of a mosque within the madrassah allows students and the local community to engage in prayers and religious activities.

De Stijl was a movement founded by a group of Dutch painters, architects, and designers in the early 20th century. They aimed to abolish all styles and liberate art from representation and individual expression. De Stijl artists believed in using simple geometric forms, primary colors, and a limited palette to create a universal visual language. They sought to achieve a harmonious balance between form and function, and their work had a profound influence on modern art and design.

In Muslim architecture, the term "Kibla" refers to the direction of Mecca, which is considered the holiest city in Islam. The axis of a mosque or any other Muslim architectural structure is oriented towards Mecca, indicating the direction in which Muslims should face during prayer. The Kibla is of great importance as it symbolizes the unity and devotion of Muslims towards Allah.

The Great Mosque in Damascus is considered the earliest surviving large mosque, as it was built between 705 and 711 AD. It is known for its historical significance and architectural beauty. The mosque is located within a walled temenos, which adds to its unique features. The Taj Mahal, Dome of the Rock in Samaria, and Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem are not the correct answers as they were built at different times and in different locations.

The correct answer is Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem. This Islamic structure is considered to be one of the most important in Islam. It is located on the summit of Mount Moriah, which is believed to be the place from where the Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven during his Night Journey. The structure is characterized by its great central dome, which covers the sacred rock known as the Foundation Stone.

Ecclecticism refers to the selection of elements from diverse styles for architectural and decorative designs. It involves combining different historical styles to create a unique and eclectic aesthetic. In the context of the given options, Ecclecticism is the correct answer as it best describes the concept of combining various styles in architecture and design.

An iwan is a feature in Muslim architecture that refers to an open-fronted porch facing a court. It is typically characterized by a large vaulted space with a high arched entrance. The iwan serves as a transitional space between the exterior and interior, providing shade and shelter while also acting as a visual focal point. It is often used in mosques and palaces, serving as a grand entrance or a space for congregational gatherings.

Neo-Classicism is the correct answer because it refers to the last phase of European Class in the late 18th and 19th centuries. During this period, there was a revival of classical Greek and Roman art and architecture, characterized by monumentality, strict use of the orders (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian), and the application of ornaments. Neo-Classicism sought to emulate the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing simplicity, symmetry, and rationality in design. This movement was a reaction against the excessive ornamentation and irregularity of the preceding Baroque and Rococo styles.

A mihrab is a niche in Muslim architecture that is oriented towards Mecca. It serves as a focal point in a mosque, indicating the direction of prayer for Muslims. The mihrab is usually located on the qibla wall, which faces towards Mecca. It is designed to be visually distinct and often decorated elaborately with intricate designs and calligraphy. The mihrab holds great religious significance as it represents the connection between the worshipper and the holy city of Mecca.

The correct answer is BOROBUDUR TEMPLE. Borobudur Temple is considered the largest Buddhist temple in the world. It is located in Central Java, Indonesia, and was built in the 9th century. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is known for its intricate architecture and detailed stone carvings. It consists of nine stacked platforms, with a central dome at the top, and is adorned with over 2,500 relief panels and more than 500 Buddha statues. The temple is a significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists and attracts tourists from around the world.

The given correct answer is "NATIONAL PHASE". This phase is marked by the breaking-off of America's colonial ties with European powers and the development of a distinct national identity. During this phase, there was a focus on creating a unique national architecture that reflected the ideals and values of the new nation. This period is characterized by the emergence of architectural styles such as Federal and Greek Revival, which were influenced by classical and ancient Greek architecture.

Masjid is the correct answer because it is the Arabic term for a prayer house in Muslim architecture. It is a place of worship for Muslims and serves as a central gathering place for prayer, community events, and religious teachings. The term "mosque" is commonly used in English to refer to a masjid. Sahn refers to the courtyard of a mosque, while madrassah is a type of Islamic educational institution.

The correct answer is Caliph. In Muslim architecture, the Caliph is the successor to the prophet Muhammad and holds significant roles as a military, judicial, and spiritual leader of Islam. The Caliphate system played a crucial role in governing the Muslim community and spreading Islamic influence. Caliphs were responsible for upholding religious laws, leading armies, and maintaining the unity of the Islamic state. They held immense authority and were regarded as the highest political and religious figures in the Muslim world.

The given answer, EARLY VICTORIAN, is the correct answer because it is stated in the question that "In the Age of Revivals, it is the era of Greek & Greko Roman revival." The Early Victorian period, which lasted from 1837 to 1861, was indeed a time when there was a revival of interest in Greek and Greco-Roman art, architecture, and literature. This revival was characterized by a return to classical forms and motifs in various aspects of Victorian culture, including fashion, design, and literature. Therefore, EARLY VICTORIAN is the most appropriate answer based on the information provided.

Stambhas are monumental pillars that are free-standing and do not serve any structural function. They are often used as decorative elements in architecture and can be found in various ancient and historical structures. These pillars are typically tall and sturdy, adding grandeur and aesthetic appeal to the overall design. In contrast to mandiras (temples), viharas (monasteries), and stupas (Buddhist structures), stambhas are not directly associated with religious or spiritual purposes.

A chaitya is a type of Buddhist shrine that is carved out of solid rock and is formed like an aisled basilica with a stupa at one end. It is a sacred space where Buddhists gather for worship, meditation, and prayer. The word "chaitya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "cheta" which means "to think" or "to reflect", emphasizing the purpose of the shrine as a place for deep contemplation and spiritual reflection. The description provided in the question matches the characteristics of a chaitya, making it the correct answer.

Buddhist monasteries, known as viharas, were commonly built by excavating them from solid rock. These viharas typically consisted of a central pillared chamber or quadrangle, which was surrounded by a verandah. This architectural design was a characteristic feature of Buddhist monasteries, providing a peaceful and secluded space for monks to meditate and study. Excavating the monasteries from solid rock also ensured their durability and longevity.

During the Post Colonial Period in the U.S. Architecture, there was a strong influence from French ideas, leading to the introduction of Neo-Classical elements. This period marked a departure from the previous colonial architecture and embraced a more refined and classical style. The Neo-Classical elements included features such as symmetrical facades, columns, and ornate detailing, which were inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture. This period reflected a desire to establish a new national identity and break away from the colonial past, hence the adoption of French-influenced Neo-Classical elements.

The Great Wall of China is 3700 miles long, stretching from the Pacific Ocean to the Gobi Desert. This massive structure was built over centuries to protect China from invasions and is considered one of the most impressive architectural achievements in history. Its length and strategic location make it an iconic symbol of China's rich history and cultural heritage.

The given correct answer is "COLONIAL PHASE". This phase is also known as the "Georgian Phase".

The correct answer is QUEEN ANNE because it is the architectural style that combines old style and domestic architecture from the 1870s in England and the USA. The Queen Anne style is known for its asymmetrical design, decorative details, and use of various materials such as wood, brick, and stone. It was popular during the late Victorian era and is characterized by its ornate and eclectic appearance.

A Sufi is a holy man in Muslim architecture. Sufism is a mystical Islamic belief and practice that emphasizes the inner spiritual experience and connection with God. Sufis are known for their ascetic lifestyle, devotion to God, and pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. They often serve as spiritual guides and teachers within the Muslim community. Therefore, the correct answer is Sufi.

The given description mentions that the Hindu temple has an interior sanctuary called a vimana, which is capped by a tapering spire-shaped tower called a sikhara. It also mentions that there are porch-like mandapa halls for dancing and music. The term "mandira" best fits this description as it refers to a Hindu temple. "Viharas" are Buddhist monasteries, "stambhas" are pillars or columns, and "chaityas" are Buddhist prayer halls. Therefore, "mandira" is the correct answer based on the given information.

The correct answer is Muezzin. In Muslim architecture, the Muezzin is the person who calls or summons the faithful to prayer. This role is typically performed from a mosque's minaret, where the Muezzin recites the adhan, the Islamic call to prayer, multiple times a day. The Muezzin's call is an important aspect of Islamic worship and serves to remind and gather the community for prayer. The other options, Caliph, Imam, and Sufi, do not specifically refer to the role of the caller to prayer in Muslim architecture.

Chamberlin, Powel & Bon is the correct answer for the architect of The Barbican Housing Project. This architectural firm was responsible for designing and overseeing the construction of the Barbican, a large residential and cultural complex located in London. The project was completed in the 1970s and is known for its Brutalist architectural style. Chamberlin, Powel & Bon's design included a mix of residential apartments, public spaces, and cultural facilities, making it a significant contribution to urban planning and architecture in London.

The correct answer is Shreve, Lamb and Harmon. They were the architects responsible for designing and overseeing the construction of the Empire State Building in New York. Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building is an iconic landmark and one of the most famous skyscrapers in the world. Shreve, Lamb and Harmon's design for the building incorporated Art Deco elements and innovative construction techniques, making it a symbol of modernity and engineering prowess.

In the 18th to 20th century Continental Europe, the period known as the July Monarchy was characterized by Neo-Renaissance styles. This suggests that during this time, the July Monarchy, which refers to the period in France from 1830 to 1848 when Louis-Philippe I was the king, saw a revival of Renaissance influences in art, architecture, and design. The Neo-Renaissance styles were likely prominent in the cultural and artistic expressions of this period, showcasing a renewed interest in the classical aesthetics of the Renaissance era.

During the Victorian period, Sir George Gilbert Scott emerged as a prominent figure. He was an architect known for his Gothic Revival style and his significant contributions to the design and construction of numerous buildings, including churches, cathedrals, and universities. His work during the High Victorian era exemplified the grandeur and ornate nature of this period, characterized by intricate detailing, rich materials, and a revival of medieval architectural elements. Scott's influence and iconic designs make him the symbolic figure of the High Victorian era.

During the First Eclectic Period in the National Phase of U.S. Architecture, the predominant style was that of Greek. This period also introduced the innovative "balloon-frame" construction method, which utilized lightweight wooden studs and allowed for faster and cheaper construction. Additionally, the use of cast iron materials became popular during this time, further influencing the architectural style of the period.

During the Age of Revivals, various architectural styles from different historical periods were revived. The given answer, "Late Victorian," fits into this context as it refers to the architectural style that emerged during the later part of the Victorian era. This style incorporated elements from Byzantine, Romanesque, Baroque, and Early Renaissance styles, which were among the styles being revived during this period. Therefore, Late Victorian is the most appropriate answer based on the information provided.

The given answer "HIGH VICTORIAN" is the correct answer because during the High Victorian period, there was a significant spread of Gothic and Renaissance revival in architecture and design. This period was characterized by a revival of historical architectural styles, with a focus on intricate detailing and ornamentation. The High Victorian era saw the construction of many grand buildings and the use of elaborate decorative elements, reflecting a desire to emulate the architectural styles of the past.

The given answer, "GOTHIC REVIVAL," is the correct answer because it is the 3rd architecture phase in the US according to the provided list. The phases listed before it, such as "ECCLESTICISM" and "COLONIAL PHASE," are not the 3rd phase mentioned. The phase listed after it, "NATIONAL PHASE," is also not the 3rd phase. Therefore, "GOTHIC REVIVAL" is the only option that fits the criteria of being the 3rd architecture phase in the US.

During the Second Eclectic Period in U.S. Architecture, there were significant advancements and inventions in the field. This period saw the development of the elevator, which revolutionized building design by allowing for taller structures. Additionally, the invention of metal frame construction provided a more efficient and durable method of building, allowing for larger and stronger structures. Lastly, the non-load bearing curtain wall was also invented during this period, which allowed for the creation of more open and aesthetically pleasing facades. These innovations greatly influenced the development of modern architecture.