Ture & False - Upper Limb - Anatomy

The coracobrachialis muscle is indeed pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve. This nerve originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and supplies the coracobrachialis muscle, as well as the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. It also provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. Therefore, the statement is true.

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and they connect arteries to veins. They form a network throughout the body and are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries bridge the gap between arteries and venules, which are small veins. Therefore, the statement that capillaries bridges are the smallest arteries to the venules is true.

During supination, the forearm rotates so that the palm faces up or forward. This movement causes the radius bone to cross over the ulna bone, resulting in the two bones becoming parallel to each other. Therefore, the statement that "during supination the radius lies parallel to ulna" is true.

The statement is true because the biceps brachii muscle, which is located in the upper arm, does indeed insert into the radial tuberosity. The radial tuberosity is a small, bumpy prominence located on the radius bone of the forearm. The biceps brachii muscle originates from the scapula and crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints. Its tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity, allowing the muscle to exert force and control movements of the forearm, such as flexion and supination.

The posterior fold of the axilla is formed by the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles. These muscles are located in the back and contribute to the shape and structure of the axilla, which is the armpit area. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle that extends from the lower back to the upper arm, while the teres major is a smaller muscle that runs along the lower edge of the scapula. Together, these muscles create the fold or crease that is visible in the posterior aspect of the axilla. Therefore, the statement is true.

The deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are responsible for flexing the distal phalanges, which allows for the formation of a fist. This movement is important for various activities that require gripping or grasping objects. Therefore, the statement "The deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm flexes distal phalanges making a fist" is true.

The statement is true because the pronator muscles, which are responsible for rotating the forearm inward, are primarily innervated by the median nerve. The median nerve is a major nerve in the upper limb that originates from the brachial plexus and provides motor and sensory innervation to various muscles and areas of the hand. Therefore, it is correct to say that the pronator muscles are mainly supplied by the median nerve.

The costal cartilages of the ribcage are composed of hyaline cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is flexible and provides support and cushioning. It is found in various parts of the body, including the ribcage. This type of cartilage helps to connect the ribs to the sternum, allowing for movement and flexibility in the ribcage. Therefore, the statement is true.

The statement is true because the dorsal interossei muscles are indeed responsible for abducting the digits away from the line of the middle finger. These muscles are located in the hand and are responsible for spreading the fingers apart. When these muscles contract, they pull the fingers away from the middle finger, allowing for movements such as spreading the fingers or grasping objects. Therefore, the statement is correct.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the right subclavian artery does indeed originate from the brachiocephalic trunk of the heart. The brachiocephalic trunk is a major artery that branches off from the aorta and supplies blood to the right arm and the right side of the head and neck. One of the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk is the right subclavian artery, which continues to supply blood to the right arm. Therefore, the statement that the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk is true.

The sternal end of the clavicle is the least part to expose to fracture because it is the most protected part of the bone. It is located close to the sternum and is surrounded by strong ligaments and muscles, providing it with stability and reducing the risk of fracture. In contrast, the lateral end of the clavicle is more exposed and vulnerable to fractures due to its position and lack of surrounding support.

The statement is true because the brachial artery is indeed the continuation of the axillary artery. The axillary artery runs through the armpit region, and as it reaches the cubital fossa (the depression in front of the elbow), it becomes the brachial artery. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the anatomical relationship between these two arteries.

The pectoralis major muscle is indeed distally attached to the bicipital groove of the humerus. This attachment allows the muscle to play a role in various movements of the arm, such as flexion, adduction, and medial rotation. The bicipital groove is a shallow groove on the anterior surface of the humerus, located between the greater and lesser tubercles. The tendon of the pectoralis major muscle inserts into this groove, providing stability and strength to the arm during movements. Therefore, the statement is true.

The statement is true because all superficial flexors of the forearm do indeed cross the wrist joint, except for one. This means that the muscles responsible for flexing the forearm and wrist are connected and work together to perform these movements.

There are indeed 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body that form the central nervous system. These spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord and are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the body. Each pair of spinal nerves corresponds to a specific region of the body and plays a crucial role in coordinating various bodily functions. Therefore, the statement "True" is the correct answer.

The statement is true because the thickening of the superficial fascia can indeed form retenacula. Retenacula are fibrous bands or ligaments that help to hold tendons or other structures in place. When the superficial fascia thickens, it can create these bands, providing support and stability to the structures beneath it.

The anconeus muscle is not supplied by the ulnar nerve. It is actually supplied by the radial nerve. The ulnar nerve primarily supplies the muscles of the forearm and hand, while the radial nerve supplies muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm. Therefore, the statement is false.

The conoid ligament is a strong, triangular ligament that extends from the scapula (specifically the coracoid process) to the clavicle. It is one of the ligaments that helps to stabilize the acromioclavicular joint, which connects the shoulder blade to the collarbone. Therefore, the statement that the conoid ligament extends from the scapula to the clavicle is true.

The patella and pisiform are the only sesamoid bones that are counted as part of the 206 bones of the human body. Sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within tendons and are found in various locations throughout the body. However, the patella (kneecap) and pisiform (a bone in the wrist) are the only sesamoid bones that are consistently present in all individuals and are included in the count of the total number of bones in the human body.

The spiral groove of the humerus does not lodge the ulnar nerve. Instead, the ulnar nerve runs posteriorly to the medial epicondyle of the humerus in a groove called the ulnar groove or cubital tunnel. This groove is located on the posterior aspect of the humerus, whereas the spiral groove is found on the anterior aspect. Therefore, the statement is false.

The statement is incorrect because the musculocutaneous nerve is actually a branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, not the medial cord.

The biceps brachii muscle is indeed supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve, but the supinator muscle is not. The supinator muscle is supplied by the radial nerve. Therefore, the statement that both muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve is false.

The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is actually supplied by the radial nerve, not the ulnar nerve. The radial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles on the posterior side of the forearm, including the extensor carpi ulnaris. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The breast does not lie over the serratus anterior muscle. It is located in front of the pectoralis major muscle. The serratus anterior muscle is situated on the lateral aspect of the chest wall, beneath the breast tissue.

The deltoid muscle is not considered a bipennate muscle because it does not have two directional fibers. Instead, it is a multipennate muscle, meaning it has multiple sets of fibers that attach diagonally to a central tendon. This arrangement allows for a greater number of muscle fibers and a larger muscle mass, providing the deltoid with its characteristic triangular shape.

The statement is false. The spine of the scapula is not continued laterally as the coracoid process of the scapula. The coracoid process is a separate bony projection that extends anteriorly from the scapula. The spine of the scapula runs horizontally across the posterior side of the scapula, while the coracoid process extends vertically from the anterior side.

The statement is false because the elbow joint is not a fibrous joint, but a synovial joint. Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity, which allows for greater movement and flexibility. The elbow joint is a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension of the forearm. Fibrous joints, on the other hand, are immovable or slightly movable and are connected by fibrous connective tissue.

The deep palmar arch of the hand is not formed mainly by the radial artery. Instead, it is formed mainly by the ulnar artery. The radial artery contributes to the formation of the superficial palmar arch of the hand. Therefore, the statement is false.

At normal anatomical position, the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle does not bound the anatomical snuff box anteriorly. The anatomical snuff box is actually bounded by the tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The sutural joint is not a type of immovable cartilaginous joint. Sutural joints, also known as cranial sutures, are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull. These joints allow for a small amount of movement, especially during childbirth or skull growth in infants. Therefore, the given statement is false.